Bluetongue kab mob yog ib yam kab mob sib kis, tiam sis tsis kis tau rau cov tsiaj vim lawv xav tau yoov tshaj cum. Tsiaj txhu raug kis los ntawm tus kab mob bluetongue yog cov ruminants, tab sis tsuas yog yaj yuav pom cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob. Tib neeg tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam, nws tsis yog zoonosis. Nyuj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws reservoir ntawm tus kab mob vim lawv ntev viremia. Nyob rau hauv lub pathogenesis ntawm tus kab mob, tus kab mob ua rau nws puas tsuaj rau endothelium ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Kev kuaj mob yog kuaj thiab tsis muaj kev kho mob vim nws yog kab mob ceeb toom ntawm npe A ntawm Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Zoo.
Cia nyeem tsab xov xwm no rau ntawm peb lub xaib kom paub txhua yam txog bluetongue kab mob, nws cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob.
Bluetongue yog dab tsi?
Bluetongue yog ib yam kab mob sib kis, tiam sis tsis kis tau, uas cuam tshuam rau cov tsiaj qus thiab cov tsiaj qus hauv tsev, tab sis qhov ua rau cov tsos mob tshwm sim hauv cov yaj xwb.
Txawm hais tias bluetongue tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv nyuj lossis tshis, lawv feem ntau tsis pom cov tsos mob tshwm sim, txawm li cas los xij, cov nyuj feem ntau yog yoov tshaj cum nyiam ntawm tus kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kab mob hauv cov ntshav tuaj yeem nyob tau ib hlis mus rau ib hlis thiab ib nrab kom lawv kis tau rau cov yoov tshaj cum uas kis tau, tsis zoo li cov yaj thiab tshis uas muaj viremia siab (tus kab mob hauv cov ntshav) tsis ntev tshaj 15. hnub. Yog li ntawd, bluetongue nyob rau hauv nyuj thiab tshis tsis yog ib qho tseem ceeb symptomatologically, tab sis nws yog nyob rau hauv lub epidemiology ntawm tus kab mob raws li lawv yog suav hais tias yog ib tug kab mob reservoirs rau yoov tshaj cum, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyuj. Tshawb nrhiav hauv lwm tsab xov xwm no cov kab mob feem ntau ntawm nyuj.
IN ENOJ NIAM, MUAJ DAB TSI UA KE HEEV, NROGPHOOJ YWG LOS NTAWM 2% RAU 30%
txawm tias nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag 70%.
Bluetongue yog ib yam kab mob muaj npe nyob rau hauv OIE Terrestrial Animal He alth Code thiab yuav tsum tau ceeb toom rau lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (OIE). Nws yog ib yam kab mob uas tseem ceeb heev rau kev lag luam hauv cheeb tsam ib puag ncig vim tias nws tsim kev lag luam ncaj qha los ntawm kev txo qis thiab kev tuag, thiab cov neeg tsis ncaj vim yog tus nqi tiv thaiv thiab txwv kev lag luam tsiaj.
Puas yog bluetongue kis tau rau tib neeg?
No, is not a zoonosis, it is a disease that only affects ruminants with or tsis muaj tsos mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsis yog kis tau ncaj qha ntawm lawv, vim lawv xav tau kev kis kab mob, qhov no yog yoov tshaj cum.
Tus kab mob dab tsi ua rau tus kab mob bluetongue?
Bluetongue yog ib yam kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob bluetongue, tus kab mob RNA virus belongs rau tsev neeg Reoviridae thiab genus Orbivirus, kis los ntawm vectors. Tshwj xeeb, lawv yog yoov tshaj cum ntawm genus Cullicoides:
- Culicoides imicola
- Culicoides obsoletus
- Culicoides pulicaris
- Culicoides dewulfi
Cov yoov tshaj cum no muaj crepuscular thiab nocturnal ua si thiab muaj nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas sov sov, high humidity nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig thiab tsis muaj huab cua. Li no, kev kis tus kab mob no tshwm sim tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub caij los nag thiab sov sov (lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav lig lossis caij nplooj zeeg ntxov).
Vim xav tau kev kis kab mob los ntawm yoov tshaj cum, thaj chaw kab mob sib haum xeeb nrog thaj chaw vector, tshwj xeeb Tebchaws Europe, North America, Africa, Asia, Australiathiab ntau yam Islands tuaj nyob rau hauv lub tropics thiab subtropics.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev sib kis los ntawm cov poj niam ntawm cov yoov tshaj cum no vim lawv cov cwj pwm hematophagous, transplacental kis thiab phev kis tau pom.
Tus kab mob no muaj ntau dua 27 serotypes, tab sis lawv muaj kev ywj pheej thiab tsis muaj kev sib cuam tshuam, thiab kev txhaj tshuaj tshwj xeeb rau tus kab mob serotype hauv nqe lus nug yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau txhua qhov tshwm sim.
Symptoms of bluetongue in animal
Tus kab mob no rov ua dua thaum ntxov ntawm tus kab mob hauv vascular epithelium thiab cov qog ntshav hauv cheeb tsam. Los ntawm qhov ntawd, nws kis tau los ntawm cov ntshav mus rau lwm cov qog thiab lub ntsws tiv thaiv los ntawm invaginations hauv cov qe ntshav liab. Tus kab mob no feem ntau ua rau cov hlab ntsha endothelium puas, uas tuaj yeem ua rau edema, vasculitis, hemorrhage, microthrombi thiab necrosis.
Bluetongue tus kab mob kuj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txhawb nqa macrophages thiab lymphocytes. Cov kab mob tshwm sim ntau dua nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, nyob ib ncig ntawm lub qhov ncauj thiab ntawm hooves. Tshwj xeeb, symptomatology ntawm yaj nrog tus kab mob bluetongue tej zaum yuav muaj xws li:
- Ua npaws 5-7 hnub tom qab kis kab mob.
- Serous to hemorrhagic nasal discharge.
- Serous to hemorrhagic ocular discharge.
- o ntawm daim di ncauj, nplaig thiab lub puab tsaig.
- Psialorrhea (hypersalivation).
- Txoj kev nyuaj siab.
- Anorexy.
- Nyob tsis muaj zog.
- Nkauj tawm tshiab.
- Ua pa nyuaj.
- Vim.
- Mob ntsws o.
- Abortions.
- Hyperemia in the coronary band of the hooves.
- Pab thiab caj dab edema.
- Hemorrhages thiab erosions nyob rau hauv qhov ncauj thiab qhov ntswg kab noj hniav.
- Pulmonary artery hemorrhage.
- Hemorrhages nyob rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov ntaub so ntswg connective.
- Muscle necrosis.
- Lung edema.
- o thiab cyanosis ntawm tus nplaig (xiav tus nplaig).
Nco ntsoov tias tus kab mob bluetongue hauv nyuj thiab tshis tsis tsim cov tsos mob tshwm sim, uas yog vim li cas peb tsom rau cov tsos mob ntawm yaj.
Diagnosis of bluetongue disease
Tau cov tsos mob no hauv yaj, cov kab mob hauv qab no yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab:
- Bluetongue.
- Pedero.
- Cov kab mob ecthyma.
- Aphtose fever.
- Peste des petits ruminants.
- Rift Valley Fever.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov tsos mob tshwm sim uas cov yaj txhim kho, nws yuav tsum tau lees paub qhov kev kuaj mob los ntawm kev coj mus kuaj thiab xa mus rau lub chaw soj nstuam rau kev kuaj ncaj qha lossis tsis ncaj rau kev kuaj pom tus kabmob. Qhov kuaj ncaj qha uas kuaj pom tus kab mob hauv cov ntshav thiab cov ntshav nrog EDTA, tus nplaig, qhov ntswg mucosa, spleen, ntsws, lymph nodes los yog lub plawv yog:
- Antigen capture ELISA.
- Direct immunofluorescence.
- RT-PCR.
- Seroneutralization.
- Kev sib tw Elisa.
- Indirect ELISA.
- Agar gel immunodiffusion.
- Seroneutralization.
- Nkauj kho siab.
Control of bluetongue in animal
Tseem tsis muaj kev kho mob bluetongue Vim nws yog ib daim ntawv teev npe OIE Ib tus kab mob ceeb toom thiab ua rau yaj mob hnyav heev, hmoov tsis txog kev kho yog txwv. Qhov kev cai tsim tsa uas yuav tsum tau ua yog tua tsiaj tua tsiaj thiab rhuav tshem lub cev.
Vim cov tsiaj tsis tuaj yeem kho tau ib zaug, kev tswj tus kab mob no yog ua raws yog xav tias los yog tshwm sim, muaj xws li:
- txwv tsis pub txav ntawm ruminants nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tiv thaiv.
- Siv tshuaj tua kab thiab tshuaj yoov tshaj cum.
- Entomological thiab serological tswj hauv ruminants.
- txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yaj nrog cov kab mob tshwj xeeb ntawm tus kab mob.
- Control of animal transport and disinsection of the tsheb siv.
- Tshaj tawm rau cov tub ceev xwm ntawm txhua qhov xwm txheej tshiab uas yuav tshwm sim.
Kev tiv thaiv kab mob bluetongue yog ib qho tseem ceeb los cawm cov tsiaj no txoj sia.
