Dab, ntxiv rau tus txiv neej tus phooj ywg zoo tshaj plaws, yog cov neeg txawj ntse tshaj plaws hauv lub nceeg vaj tsiaj. Thaum koj saib koj tus dev txhua hnub, tej zaum koj yuav xav tias nws muaj peev xwm nkag siab qhov koj tab tom sim qhia nws. Ntxiv rau, nws pom tseeb tias nws tab tom tham nrog koj!
Yog koj puas tau xav tias koj tus dev nkag siab koj cov lus, cov lus txib koj muab rau nws lossis koj cov lus hlub, ces koj yuav nyiam zaj lus no. Koj xav paub pes tsawg lo lus dev to taub?Nyob nyeem ntawv!
Dab puas paub cov lus?
Lawv hais tias txhua tus dev zoo li nws tus tswv, txawm yog vim nws tus cwj pwm, nws qhov tsos lossis lwm yam uas zoo li lawv. Qee lub sij hawm koj yuav saib koj tus dev thiab xav tias zoo li tib yam uas ploj lawm yog los zaum thiab sib tham nrog koj. Qhov tseeb yog dev muaj peev xwm nkag siab ntau lo lus, ntau tshaj qhov koj xav. Txawm hais tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem teb koj ib yam, qhov no tsis txhais tau tias lawv tsis nkag siab qhov koj hais.
Hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, dev tuaj yeem nkag siab cov lus txib yooj yim nrog yooj yim. "Sitting", "leg" lossis "tsim" yog qee qhov ntawm lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj peev xwm paub lawv tus kheej lub npe. Tab sis cov dev nkag siab cov lus li cas?
Dab nkag siab lo lus li cas?
-Koj yuav xav tias: Txij li cov dev NOJ NTXHAIS, YUAV UA LI CAS?
Zoo, muaj ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb uas tau ua tiav rau qhov kev kawm no. Nws tau pom tias cov dev ua cov lus peb hais rau lawv zoo ib yam li tib neeg ua li cas, sau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lo lus nws tus kheej kom nws mus dhau ntau yam txheej txheem hauv hlwb, tom qab ntawd nws tuaj yeem nkag siab qhov tseeb ntawm nws.
Txoj hauj lwm no, dev siv sab laug hemisphere ntawm lub hlwb kom to taub cov lus lawv hnov, thaum sab xis hemisphere siv los to taub intonation ntawm cov lus. Thaum cov txheej txheem no tiav lawm, lawv muaj peev xwm tau txais ib lub tswv yim txog "kev xav" ntawm tus neeg hais lus rau lawv.[1]
Ntxiv mus, dev to taub ntau cues yooj yim thiab sai yog tias lawv tau conditioned ua li ntawd, los ntawm classical conditioning los yog operant conditioning. Txoj hauv kev yog txuas cov cim qhia no rau qhov kev txiav txim uas koj xav kom lawv ua, siv kev txhawb zog zoo (los ntawm kev kho, saib xyuas lossis cov lus zoo) ua kev txhawb siab rau kev kawm.
Dab kawm pes tsawg lo lus?
Txoj kev kawm paub txog qhov no yog ua los ntawm tus kws kho mob hlwb Stanley Coren hauv University of British Columbia. Nws tsom ntsoov rau kev kawm txog lub peev xwm thiab kev txawj ntse uas dev yuav tsum kawm cov lus tshiab.
Nyob hauv nws txoj kev tshawb fawb, Coren tau qhia tias dev muaj peev xwm nkag siab txog kwv yees li 160 lo lus yog tias lawv raug txhawb kom raug. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv nkag siab txog tib neeg lexicon li menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 2 txog 3 xyoos. Qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, muab kev xyaum tas li yog siv.
Ntawm qhov ntawd, kev tshawb fawb kuj pom tias dev pom nws yooj yim dua rau kev nkag siab cov lus hais txog khoom vaj khoom tsev, xws li " pob txha" los yog "pob", tab sis nws nyuaj rau lawv to taub cov uas yuav tsum tau ua nrog abstract entities, xws li "ziab".
Coren kuj pom tias dev muaj lub sij hawm yooj yim kawm cov lus uas pib nrog cov lus nyuaj, xws li p, t, c, k, q, thaum cov mos mos, xws li f, s, r, l., sawv cev rau kev sib tw ntau dua rau lawv.
Ib yam li ntawd, lawv kawm cov lus ib leeg zuj zus sai dua ua ke. Qhov no txhais li cas? Zoo, koj tuaj yeem qhia nws yooj yim dua yog tias koj hais "noj" es tsis yog "cia noj." Vim li cas qhov no tshwm sim? Cov dev khaws cov lus los ntawm cov txheej txheem hu ua fast map; Qhov no tshwm sim thaum peb nquag rov hais qee cov lus rau nws thiab hais txog lawv rau ib qho kev ua lossis khoom.
Nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, thaum lub sij hawm kev cob qhia nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heevuas cov lus rau txhua lo lus txib suab txawv ntawm ib leeg. Ua li no, tsis meej pem yog zam. Cov lus txib, tau kawg, muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua yog tias lawv nrog lub cev lus raug, pab ua kom yooj yim nkag siab cov lus koj xav qhia.
Txhua tus dev puas nkag siab tib lo lus?
Tam sim no koj paub tias muaj pes tsawg lo lus dev muaj peev xwm nkag siab, tej zaum koj yuav xav tsis thoob tias qhov no puas yog rau txhua tus tsiaj.
Qhov tseeb yog qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm Coren kuj tau qhia tias muaj qee cov dev uas muaj feem yuav kawm cov lus. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, tus poodle, German yug yaj, ciam teb collie, Labrador thiab Doberman yug me nyuam tau pom muaj peev xwm ntau dua los tsim cov lus qhia dav dav piv rau lwm yam tsiaj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no ib txwm nyob ntawm qhov kev cob qhia kom raug, txhawb tus dev txij thaum ntxov yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws kom ua tiav kev kawm txaus siab, tsis hais nws hom dab tsi.
Chaser, tus dev ntse tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb
Ua kom tiav peb tsis tuaj yeem hais tsis tau Chaser, tus dev ntawm Jon W. Piller, tus xibfwb ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm Wofford College (Spartanburg, South Carolina, USA) yog leej twg pab kom paub ntau tshaj 1,000 lo lusNws yuav ua rau koj xav tsis thoob, lav!
