African Horse Sickness is a kab mob ceeb toom nyob rau hauv nees uas kis tau los ntawm yoov tshaj cum. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob uas muaj cuaj hom kab mob sib txawv uas tuaj yeem ua rau plaub hom kev kho mob: pulmonary, mob plawv, sib xyaw lossis febrile, ua rau muaj ntau yam tsos mob, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau qee kis nrog cov neeg tuag siab hauv cov nees raug mob. Lwm hom equids tej zaum yuav raug cuam tshuam, nrog rau nees luav thiab nees txaij yog tus tiv taus tus kab mob tshaj plaws, thiab tom kawg raug suav tias yog lub pas dej ntawm tus kab mob. Kev tswj tus kab mob no yog los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Dab tsi yog African Nees Mob?
African Horse Sickness is a kab mob tsis kis kab mob kab mob kis mus rau nws thaj av ntawm keeb kwm, sub-Saharan Africa, uas ua rau kub taub hau, ua pa. thiab vascular alterations uas yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug peracute, mob, ntev los yog tsis pom kev. Nws cuam tshuam rau equids, tshwj xeeb yog nees yog hom kab mob feem ntau raug rau tus kab mob, ua raws li mules thiab luav; nyob rau hauv zebras tus kab mob no feem ntau yog subclinical los yog tsis pom tseeb, suav hais tias Cov dev tuaj yeem kis tau los ntawm kev sim lossis yog lawv noj cov nqaij nees kis.
Nws lub ntsiab tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv tus nqi siab ntawm nws cov kev tswj, nws (nruab nrab ntawm 50 thiab 95% hauv nees) thiab txwv lub zog ntawm nees.
Nyob hauv Spain, African Horse Sickness tau tshwm sim ob zaug: thawj zaug hauv 1966 hauv thaj teb ntawm Gibr altar thiab qhov thib ob ntawm 1987 thiab 1993 hauv Madrid vim yog kev xa khoom ntawm zebras los ntawm Namibia.
Zoo hmoo, African Horse Sickness, txawm tias txaus ntshai, tsis yog ib yam kab mob ntau tshaj plaws hauv nees.
Ua rau Neeg Asmeskas Mob Nees
African nees mob kis tau los ntawm arthropods, tshwj xeeb yoov tshaj cum ntawm genus Culicoides, Culicoides imícola yog tus kab mob tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob no, nrog rau nrog C. bolitinos. Lwm cov vectors kuj muaj feem cuam tshuam yog C. pulicaris thiab C. obsoletus.
Tus kab mob uas ua rau tus kab mob no yog tus kab mob ntawm tsev neeg Reoviridae uas yog tib lub genus uas ua rau mos lwj haemorrhagic kab mob los yog Bluetongue, Orbivirus genus. Cuaj serotypes ntawm tus kab mob no paub. Qhov tshwm sim ntau tshaj plaws ntawm tus kab mob tshwm sim nrog rau lub caij zoo rau cov kab mob, hauv summer-Autumn, thiab hauv teb chaws Africa vim nws qhov kub thiab txias, ua rau cov epizootics loj.
African Horse Symptoms
Tom qab yoov tshaj cum tom, tus kab mob no nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha ntawm tus nees, qhov uas nws ua rau cov hlab ntsha tawg thiab cov ntshav nthuav tawm, uas ua rau lub ntsws edema, me me hemorrhages thiab subcutaneous edema, ua rau cov ntaub ntawv kho mob ntawm tus kab mob , uas tuaj yeem muaj plaub yam:
Symptoms of the acute pulmonary form
Nov yog daim ntawv kho mob nrog , nrog cov tsos mob tshwm sim uas cov nees ua tsis taus pa vim pulmonary edema thiab kua hauv lub hauv siab kab noj hniav (hydrothorax). Lawv feem ntau tuag hauv 4 hnub thiab cov tsos mob muaj xws li:
- kub kub ntawm 41 ºC.
- Tachycardia.
- Tachypnea.
- Nkauj tawm hws.
- Cov paib pa ua pa tob tob.
- Mob hnoos hnoos.
- Mob siab vim kev ua pa nyuaj (qhov ntswg qhov ntswg, qhov muag ntxhov siab, qhib qhov ncauj, pob ntseg poob, cais forelimbs, thiab lub taub hau thiab caj dab).
Frequently, death happens in pom tau tias noj qab nyob zoo nees thaum lub sij hawm siv zog. Cov tsiaj no tshwm sim nrog lub qhov ntswg dilated, qhib qhov ncauj, sib cais forelimbs thiab lub taub hau thiab caj dab ntev qhia txog kev ua pa nyuaj.
Symptoms of subacute cardiac form
daim ntawv kho mob no feem ntau pib nrog kub taub hau ntawm 39.5-40 ºC uas kav li ntawm 3 mus rau 5 hnub. Thaum kub taub hau pib qis, edema tshwm hauv:
- Supraorbital thiab periorbital fossae.
- Eyelids.
- Head.
- Pob.
- xov tooj.
Nyob rau hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg, lawv yuav nthuav tawm me me hemorrhages (petechiae) ntawm lub conjunctiva thiab hauv qab tus nplaig. Tus nees yuav ntxhov siab heev thiab tej zaum yuav prostrate. Nws tuaj yeem pom cov cim qhia ntawm colic thiab thaum kawg tuag prostrate vim lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm. Qhov mortality rate ntawm daim ntawv kho mob no nyob nruab nrab ntawm 30 thiab 50%
Mixed form cov tsos mob
Hauv daim ntawv no, cov tsos mob ntawm pulmonary thiab cardiac forms tau pom, qhov kawg yog feem ntau asymptomatic tom qab ua pa nyuaj, nrog hnoos thiab foamy exudate. Lwm lub sijhawm, cov tsos mob ua pa me me yog ua raws li edema thiab tuag los ntawm lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm.
NOJ NIAM TUAG NOJ NIAM HNUB CI DAIM DUAB
ZIB ZIB thiab feem ntau yog kuaj thaum tus equine tuag los ntawm necropsy.
Febrile Form Symptoms
It is mildest form kab mob thiab most recover. Nws muaj ntau dua nyob rau hauv ntau equines resistant, uas yog, zebras los yog luav, los yog nyob rau hauv nees uas muaj ib co kev tiv thaiv.
Cov tsos mob tshwm sim me me, kub taub hau yog tus yam ntxwv thiab kav ntev tshaj li ib lub lim tiam, nqis los rau sawv ntxov thiab nce hauv sawv ntxov. tav tav. Nws feem ntau yog nrog cov tsos mob xws li:
- Anorexy.
- kev nyuaj siab me ntsis.
- Supraorbital fossa edema.
- Tachycardia.
African Horse Sickness Diagnosis
Tus kab mob loj no yog ceeb toom yuav tsum tau, vim nws yog cov npe ntawm cov kab mob ceeb toom ntawm World Organization for Animal He alth (OIE). Nkag mus rau thaj chaw tsis muaj kab mob yog qhov hnyav heev thiab ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb, yog li kev kuaj xyuas kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Txawm tias cov tsos mob qhia txog tus kab mob no, nws yuav tsum tau lees paub nrog kuaj hauv chav kuaj tso cai rau lub hom phiaj no hauv lub tebchaws, tom qab qhov tau txais cov qauv los ntawm tus kws kho tsiaj.
Clinical and Differential Diagnosis
Cov tsos mob tshwm sim uas tus nees tshwm sim tuaj yeem qhia tus kab mob no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias peb nyob hauv lub sijhawm zoo thiab nyob rau thaj chaw muaj kab mob, thiab yog tias ua tau tus kab mob necropsy, qhov txhab tuaj yeem qhia tus kab mob no ntau dua.. mob. Nws yuav tsum ib txwm yog differentiated los ntawm lwm yam kab mob ntawm equids, xws li:
- Equine Viral Arteritis.
- Equine encephalitis.
- Hemorrhagic purpura.
- Equine piroplasmosis.
Lab diagnosis
Tag nrho cov ntshav thiab cov ntshav kuaj ntshav yuav tsum tau noj thaum lub sij hawm kub taub hau nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj nyob, los yog lub ntsws, spleen thiab lymph nodes ntawm necropsy.
Cov kev ntsuam xyuas yuav yog txhawm rau kuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob xws li kev tsis ncaj ncees ELISA lossis kev txhim kho ntxiv, lossis txhawm rau kuaj pom tus kab mob xws li RT-PCR lossis ncaj qha ELISA lossis tus kab mob nruab nrab.
Tus kab mob no tseem tuaj yeem cais tawm hauv cell culture (ntawm BHK-21, MS thiab VERO cell kab).
African Horse Sickness Treatment
Ua tus kab mob loj heev uas yuav tsum tau ceeb toom rau tub ceev xwm, kev kho mob tsis siv, tab sis yuav tsum tau ua ntau yam kev ntsuas los tswj Kev kis tus kab mob thiab kis tau tus kab mob, los ntawm kev ntsuas huv thiab txhaj tshuaj.
Sanitary Measures for African Horse Sickness
Nyob rau thaj chaw muaj kab mob, thaum muaj xwm txheej tshwm sim, kev tswj xyuas vector yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm disinsection with insecticides and larvicides, ua ke. nrog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsiaj.
Nyob hauv thaj chaw tsis muaj kab mob, equines uas tuaj ntawm thaj chaw muaj kab mob yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv cais tawm yam tsawg kawg 60 hnub, ntxiv rau serological soj ntsuam thiab tswj yoov tshaj cum hauv tsiaj thauj.
Yog cov mob tshwm sim, ua cov hauv qab no:
- txwv tsis pub txav ntawm tus nees thiab equids uas tau ntsib nrog nws.
- Tsim kom muaj thaj chaw tiv thaiv 100 km thiab thaj tsam 50 km soj ntsuam nyob ib puag ncig thaj chaw uas pom muaj teeb meem.
- Tshuaj tua tsiaj thaum lub sij hawm muaj yoov tshaj cum.
- Tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv yoov tshaj cum hauv kev thauj mus los thiab hauv cheeb tsam cuam tshuam.
- Kev siv cov kev pabcuam serological, entomological, epidemiological thiab soj ntsuam soj ntsuam nyob ib ncig ntawm lub foci rau kev kuaj pom tus kab mob ntxov.
- Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tag nrho cov equids uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub tiv thaiv cheeb tsam.
African Horse Sickness Vaccination
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los tswj tus kab mob, cuam tshuam lub voj voog ntawm tus nees thiab yoov tshaj cum kom ua tiav qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm tus kab mob. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau African Horse Sickness muaj xws li:
- : lawv muaj tus kab mob no nyob tab sis tsis muaj zog. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tsuas yog siv rau hauv thaj chaw muaj kev txom nyem lossis thaum tus kab mob tau tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw tsis muaj kab mob los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob serotype hauv nqe lus nug. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tuaj yeem yog monovalent rau ib leeg serotype lossis polyvalent, tshwj xeeb yog trivalent (serotypes 1, 3 thiab 4) thiab lwm yam tetravalent (serotypes 1, 6, 7 thiab 8); serotypes 9 thiab 5 tsis suav nrog vim lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv nrog serotypes 6 thiab 8, feem.
- Inactivated vaccine tiv thaiv serotype 4: Tsim thiab siv, tab sis tam sim no tsis muaj.
- Recombinant subunit vaccine: muaj cov kab mob VP2, VP5 thiab VP7 proteins, tab sis nws tseem tab tom kawm.
Ntxiv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob African Horse Sickness, nyob ntawm thaj chaw muaj kab mob, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no rau nees.
