Noog ntawm prey, noog ntawm prey los yog noog prey, nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no continents tsuas yog Antarctica. Raws li cov tsiaj nyeg saum toj kawg nkaus, lawv muaj kev nkag siab zoo rau kev hloov pauv hauv lawv ib puag ncig. Lawv muaj ntau yam kev hloov ntawm lub cev uas ua rau lawv zoo tshaj plaws huab cua predators thiab kom meej meej sib txawv ntawm lwm pawg ntawm cov noog. Lawv lub zeem muag, beak, claws thiab lwm yam anatomical nta tso cai rau lawv los ua cov neeg yos hav zoov tsis muaj zog muaj peev xwm los rhuav tshem cov tawv nqaij ntawm lawv cov tsiaj. Lawv noj cov vertebrates uas yos hav zoov thaum nruab hnub lossis hmo ntuj, nyob ntawm hom thiab pawg uas lawv nyob, txawm tias ntau hom kuj ntxiv rau lawv cov zaub mov los ntawm kev noj kab thiab lwm yam khoom noj.
Yog nej xav kawm txuas ntxiv txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov noog ntawm prey lossis noog prey, txuas ntxiv nyeem tsab xov xwm no ntawm peb lub xaib vim peb yuav qhia nej txhua yam.
Nyob zoo cov noog
Noog ntawm prey muaj ib tug carnivorous diet thiab muaj kev sib txawv anatomical adaptations nyob rau hauv relation mus rau hom kev pub noj kom meej meej sib txawv ntawm tus so. qub. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov noog ntawm prey yog cov hauv qab no:
- Vision: Lawv muaj ob lub qhov muag pom kev thiab tso siab rau lawv txoj kev pom kev pom lawv cov zaub mov. Muab piv rau qhov loj ntawm lawv lub taub hau, lawv ob lub qhov muag loj heev, suav txog li 15% ntawm lawv qhov hnyav. Qhov tseeb xav paub yog tias owls muaj peev xwm txav tau lawv lub taub hau mus txog 270 degrees los ntawm lawv cov axis pem hauv ntej kom pom tau ntau dua.
- Pico: yog ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov noog no thiab, yog li ntawd, yog siv los cais lawv los ntawm lwm pawg ntawm cov noog.. noog. Lawv muaj zog hooked beaks nrog ntse, txiav npoo. Nrog lub beak lawv rhuav cov nqaij thiab qee hom siv ncaj qha los tua lawv cov tsiaj.
- Patas: lawv muaj zog thiab cov leeg thiab muaj cov claws ntse uas tuab, qhov loj thiab curvature sib txawv raws li hom thiab cov tsiaj txhu lawv. siv. Cov noog feem ntau muaj peb tus ntiv taw taw rau pem hauv ntej, thiab ib qho taw rov qab (sab ceg anisodactyls). Qee zaum, xws li qee hom noog lossis osprey (Pandion haliaetus), lawv tuaj yeem taw tes ob ntiv tes rau pem hauv ntej thiab ob sab rov qab. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, qhov chaw sib cuag ntawm lub ceg txuas ntxiv yog nce ua ntej nws los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov neeg raug tsim txom. Hos cov owls, kuj muab qhov zoo rau lawv thaum lawv yos hav zoov hmo ntuj.
- Hearing: Feem ntau, cov noog muaj lub cev hnov lus zoo heev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov noog ntawm prey, nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog mob, txij li thaum, nrog rau lwm yam txuj ci, lawv siv qhov kev nkag siab no los nrhiav lawv tej peev xwm prey, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hom tsiaj uas tua nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj. Cov tsiaj zoo li harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja), piv txwv li, uas tua tsiaj hauv hav zoov thiab hav zoov, siv suab los nrhiav lawv cov tsiaj. Zoo li owls thiab lwm tus raptors, lawv muaj facial disc (disk-shaped feathers encircling their face) uas pab ncaj qha suab nthwv rau pob ntseg kom nthuav dav rau lawv, zoo li yog peb twb tso peb ob txhais tes qab peb pob ntseg. Hauv qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm owls, tsis zoo li cov noog feem ntau, lawv muaj qhov qhib qhov rooj loj, uas ua rau lawv cov neeg yos hav zoov zoo heev, vim tias ntau hom tuaj yeem nrhiav thiab ntes lawv cov tsiaj nyob hauv qhov tsaus ntuj uas siv cov suab nkaus xwb.
- Digestive system: ua ib feem ntawm lawv lub plab zom mov lawv muaj cov qoob loo, uas yog qhov nthuav dav ntawm txoj hlab pas thiab ua haujlwm khaws zaub mov (ntawm no tsis muaj digestion). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov noog ntawm prey, thiab zoo li lwm yam tsiaj ntawm granivorous noog, cov qauv no yog lub hnab-puab. Nyob rau hauv cov qoob loo, seem ntawm cov tsiaj raug khaws cia uas lawv zom tsis tau, xws li plaub, rau tes los yog cov exoskeletons ntawm ib co invertebrates uas lawv noj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, pellets los yog pellets yog tsim los ntawm cov undigested seem, uas tom qab regurgitated los yog ntuav.
- Wings: lawv muaj cov duab sib npaug hauv cov tsiaj uas yos hav zoov hauv qhov chaw kaw xws li hav zoov lossis hav zoov, qhov no tso cai rau lawv los ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntoo thiab tsob ntoo tuab. Ntawm qhov tod tes, hom los ntawm thaj chaw qhib muaj ntau elongated thiab taw tis. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv cov plumage yog cryptic heev, uas tso cai rau lawv kom zoo nkauj camouflage lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig uas lawv nyob thiab yos hav zoov.
Nyob Noog Prey
Noog ntawm prey, los yog noog ntawm prey, muab faib ua ob pawg ua los ntawm kev txiav txim uas, txawm hais tias lawv qhia tej yam ntxwv ntawm raptors, tsis taxonomically muaj feem xyuam rau ib leeg. Yog li, lawv yog hom nyob deb ntawm qib taxonomic uas sib piv, qhov no txoj kev mus yos hav zoov. Hom noog ntawm prey yog:
- Diurnal noog ntawm prey: muaj ntau hom nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim Falconiformes thiab Accipitriformes, xws li eagles, kites, falcons thiab lwm yam.
- Hmo ntuj noog ntawm prey: Cov no yog hom uas muaj nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim Strigiformes, noog xws li owls, owls, tawny owls thiab hom zoo sib xws. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim no muaj qee hom uas nws tus cwj pwm tseem nyob rau hnub.
Npe thiab piv txwv ntawm diurnal noog ntawm prey
Nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv lub diurnal noog ntawm prey peb pom cov lus txib Falconiformes thiab Accipitriformes, txhua tus nrog lawv cov tsev neeg thiab cov genera. Lub order Falconiformes suav nrog tag nrho tsib tsev neeg:
- Cathartidae
- Pandionidae
- Accipitridae
- Sagittaridae
- Falconidae
Rau nws, qhov kev txiav txim Accipitriformes yog tsim los ntawm plaub tsev neeg:
- Accipitridae
- Cathartidae
- Pandionidae
- Sagittaridae
Hauv qab no, peb qhia qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov noog diurnal prey nrog lawv cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb:
Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
Hmoob mus rau North America thiab koom rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov accipitiformes, nws muaj qhov loj me, ncav cuag ntau tshaj 2 meters wingspan Nws yog cov tsiaj txhu saum toj kawg nkaus hauv thaj chaw uas nws nyob, uas tuaj yeem muaj txij li swamps thiab hav zoov mus rau cov suab puam. Nws yog ib qho ua rau nws nyiag khoom los ntawm osprey (Pandion haliaetus), uas nws caum thiab ua phem. Qhov no yog ib hom tsiaj tshwj xeeb heev vim nws qhov loj me thiab lub kaus mom dawb ntawm nws lub taub hau uas ua rau nws zoo heev.
Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)
Cov hom no belongs rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm falconiformes thiab muaj txog 19 subspecies uas tau faib thoob plaws ntiaj teb, uas yog, lawv. yog cosmopolitan. Nws ntsuas txog 60 cm thiab nws tisspan yog hais txog 120 cm. Cov noog no tawm tsam rau nws qhov kev txwv tsis pub tsim thiab xim tsaus ntawm nws lub taub hau, zoo li daim npog qhov ncauj.
Harpy Eagle (Harpia harpyja)
Nws yog ib yam ntawm cov eagles loj tshaj plaws uas muaj nyob, ncav cuag ib tug ntev ntawm ib 'meter', nrog ib tug tis ncua ntev tshaj ob metersthiab nrog cov claws uas ncav cuag ntev tshaj 15 cm. Nws belongs rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm accipitiformes thiab inhabits rain forests ntawm lub Neotropics, los ntawm yav qab teb Mexico mus rau sab qaum teb Argentina. Txaus ntshai heev tsis yog vim nws qhov loj me xwb, tab sis kuj vim nws cov plumage, uas thaum nws xav tias hem, bristles nyob ib ncig ntawm lub taub hau, tsim ib hom crown.
Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)
Nov yog ib cosmopolitan hom uas nyob hauv roob toj siab thiab thaj chaw ntawm cov pob zeb pob zeb uas nws nyiam ua zes. Nws yog ib hom tsiaj loj, nrog tisspan ntawm ntau tshaj 2 meters thiab nyob ib ncig ntawm 90 cm nyob rau hauv ntev.
Yog koj xav nthuav koj txoj kev paub txog eagles, tsis txhob nco lwm tsab xov xwm no: "Tus yam ntxwv ntawm eagles".
Giant Picargo (Haliaeetus pelagicus)
Nws yog cov noog hiav txwv uas nyob hauv hiav txwv, pas dej lossis dej ntws hauv Nyiv, Kaus Lim Kauslim, Tuam Tshoj thiab thaj chaw ntawm Russia. Nws yog tus raptor hnyav tshaj plaws, ncav cuag hnyav tshaj 9 kg, nrog ib tug tisspan ntawm ntau tshaj 2 meters thiab ib meter nyob rau hauv ntev, nyob ib sab ntawm lub dav dawb hau harpy ib ntawm cov noog loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Ua ib tug noog ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg, nws feem ntau noj cov ntses salmon, uas nws muaj lub beak loj loj hloov mus txiav cov tawv nqaij tawv ntawm cov ntses no.
Npe thiab piv txwv ntawm nocturnal noog prey
Nyob rau hauv pab pawg ntawm nocturnal noog ntawm prey peb pom qhov kev txiav txim Strigiformes, uas tsuas muaj ob tsev neeg:
- Tytonidae
- Strigidae
Nyob rau hauv tsev neeg Tytonidae peb pom cov owls, yog li ntawd tus so ntawm nocturnal noog ntawm prey yog pawg nyob rau hauv tsev neeg Strifidae. Cia peb nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov noog ntawm prey kuj muaj hom nrog diurnal cwj pwm. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qab no peb yuav qhia cov piv txwv ntawm cov noog nocturnal nrog lawv cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb:
Barn Owl (Tyto alba)
Nws yog ib tug neeg yos hav zoov nocturnal zoo heev uas nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw nyob, muaj ntau heev uas pom nyob rau hauv nroog ib puag ncig. Nws yog ib hom kab mob cosmopolitan thiab ncav cuag txog 40 cm ntev Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog nws cov xim dawb zoo nkauj nrog cov dots uas dot nws ventral.
Eagle owl (Bubo bubo)
Nov yog ib hom tsiaj uas nyob hauv Europe, Russia thiab Asia. Nws nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw, ua rau muaj nyob hauv hav zoov, thaj chaw ib nrab suab puam thiab hauv tundra. Nws ntsuas txog 80 cm, nws tisspan txog li 2 meters thiab nws muaj ib tug striated thiab cryptic tsim uas npog nws lub cev thiab plaub li "pob ntseg".
Discover more curiosities about this species in this article: "Nyob ntawm tus eagle owl".
Barred Owl (Strix hylophila)
Hom noog no nyob hauv hav zoov thiab hav zoov ntawm Brazil, Paraguay thiab Argentina. Nws yog ib tug noog uas tsis yooj yim heev uas feem ntau yooj yim hnov dua li pom. Nws qhov loj me yog nruab nrab, txog 40 cm ntev thiab nws muaj qhov zoo nkauj heev tsim nrog lub teeb thiab tsaus bands uas npog nws lub cev thiab lub ntsej muag dub.
Yog koj xav paub ntau hom owls, tsis txhob nco cov kab lus no: "Types of owls".
European Scops Owl (Otus scops)
Muab faib rau Tebchaws Europe, Asia thiab Africa, Eurasian Scops Owl nyob hauv hav zoov thiab thaj chaw ze ntawm tus dej, txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem pom hauv nroog thiab thaj chaw hauv nroog. Nws muaj cov plumage cryptic heev, zoo li tus so ntawm cov strigiformes, thiab nws yog hom me me ntawm plas nyob rau hauv Iberian Peninsula, tsuas yog txog 20 cm ntawm qhov ntev.. Vim li no, nws yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws-paub me me noog ntawm prey nyob rau hauv hav zoov.
Boreal Owl (Aegolius funereus)
Cov kab mob uas nyob sab qaum teb Europe, nws tuaj yeem pom hauv thaj chaw ntawm Balkans, Pyrenees thiab Alps, ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm hom noog ntawm roob thiab hav zoov coniferous. Nws ntsuas kwv yees li 25 cm, yog li nws yog lwm qhov me me ntawm cov noog. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev muaj lub taub hau loj heev uas nyiam mloog thiab nrog cov kab dub li "pob muag" uas nyob ib puag ncig lub ntsej muag.
Lwm cov noog ntawm prey
Tom qab tshuaj xyuas qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov noog ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg hauv txhua pab pawg, peb xaus nrog cov npe nrog ntau lub npe ntawm cov noog:
- Common Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) - Diurnal noog prey
- Red Kite (Milvus milvus) – Diurnal Bird of Prey
- Black Kite (Milvus migrans) – Diurnal noog prey
- Soaring Hawk (Circus buffoni) - Diurnal noog prey
- Black Owl (Ciccaba huhhula) – Nocturnal noog prey
- Tawny Owl (Strix aluco) – Nocturnal noog prey
- Solitary Eagle (Harpyhaliaetus solitarius) – Diurnal noog ntawm prey
- Long-legged Sparrowhawk (Geranospiza caerulescens) – Diurnal noog ntawm prey
- White-legged Owl (Strix albitarsis) - Nocturnal noog prey
- African ntses owl (Scotopelia peli) – Nocturnal noog prey
- Blackish Owl (Asio stygius) – Nocturnal noog prey
- Iberian imperial dav dawb hau (Aquila adalberti) - Diurnal noog ntawm prey
- Brown Owl (Strix virgata)- Nocturnal noog prey
- Spectacled Owl (Pulsatrix perspicillata) – Nocturnal noog prey
- Kernicale (Falco tinnunculus) – Diurnal noog ntawm prey
- White Matamico (Phalcoboenus megalopterus) – Diurnal noog ntawm prey
- Bug Buzzard (Buteo buteo) – Diurnal noog prey
- Common Alilicucu (Megascops choliba) – Nocturnal noog prey
- Cinnamon Owl (Aegolius harrisii) – Nocturnal noog prey
- Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus) - Diurnal noog prey
