Nyob rau xyoo pua 4 BC, Aristotle pib faib cov tsiaj txhu nyob raws li nws qhov kev paub thiab kev soj ntsuam, piav qhia tag nrho nws cov kev paub hauv phau ntawv "The Parts of Animals". Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, botanist Carl Nilsson Linnæus tau tsim ib tug system ntawm binomial nomenclature los faib txhua yam muaj sia. Tam sim no, peb txuas ntxiv siv txoj kev taxonomic tsim los ntawm Linnaeus los faib cov kab mob nyob.
Nyob hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav qhia rau koj paub yog.
taxonomy yog dab tsi?
Taxonomy yog ib ceg ntawm biology uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau kev txhim kho tsob ntoo phylogenetic raws li ib tug taxon classification system.
A taxon is a group of beings that share a set of defined features that is assigned a pawg neeg se, a name in Latin, ib daim ntawv uas peb hu ua "hom" thiab tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv ib phau ntawv xov xwm scientific. Thaum tag nrho cov no tau muab, tus taxon tau txais lub npe raug.
Ib yam li ntawd, kom mus txog lub npe raug, nyob rau hauv lub taxonomy muaj ib tug kev qhuab qhia hu ua Nomenclature uas yog tus saib xyuas ntawm tag nrho cov. cov kauj ruam ua raws, suav nrog txoj haujlwm ntawm Latin lub npe, rau lub cev muaj sia nkag mus rau ib qho se lossis lwm qhov.
Tom ntej no peb yuav nthuav qhia txog kev sau se ntawm tus dev, piav qhia tias yog vim li cas nws thiaj li muaj tag nrho cov taxa no:
- Domain: Eukarya (Eukaryotes). Vim yog multicellular organisms nws cov nuclei muaj tseeb.
- Animalia Kingdom . Rau kev muaj locomotion peev , tau noj los ntawm kev noj, muaj kev sib deev, siv oxygen thiab muaj kev loj hlob ntawm embryonic.
- Subkingdom: Eumetazoa. Los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg tam sim no zoo li epidermal lossis cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas.
- Filo: Chordata. Vim muaj ib tug dorsal chord los yog notochord nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm nws embryonic theem.
- Subphylum: Vertebrata. Vim nws nthuav tawm pob txha sab hauv pob txha.
- Class: Mammalia. Vim nws yog amniotic mammal (lub embryo tsim nyob rau hauv plaub txheej) homeothermic thiab muaj mammary qog, plaub hau thiab lub puab tsaig.
- Subclass: Theria. Cov ntaub ntawv embryo nyob rau hauv lub maternal uterus es tsis yog nyob rau hauv lub qe sab nraud.
- Infraclass: Placentalia. Lub embryo loj hlob tag nrho hauv tsev menyuam.
- Order: Carnivora. Lub puab tsaig yoog rau nqaij noj.
- Suborder: Caniformia. Ntev ntev snout thiab tsis-retractable claws.
- Family: Canidae. Lawv yog digitigrade (lawv so ntawm cov ntiv tes thiab tsis nyob ntawm pob taws). Canids yog hma, coyotes, hma, jackals thiab lwm yam zoo sib xws.
- Subfamily: Caninae. Tsuas yog canid subfamily nrog cov tsiaj tsis tuag.
- Gender: Canis. Aub, hma, Jackals, Coyotes thiab Dingoes
- Species: Canis lupus, hma.
- Subspecies: Canis lupus familiaris, the domestic dog.
Dog breeds raws li International Cinological Federation (FCI)
Lub International Cynological Federation yog lub koom haum ntiaj teb canine, tsim los ntawm 94 lub teb chaws. Uas tawm tswv yim txawv breeds ntawm dev thiab lawv lub teb chaws ntawm keeb kwm. Nws tswj kev tsim cov koom haum yug tsiaj thiab koom haum, txhais cov qauv yug tsiaj thiab tswj cov pedigrees. FCI tam sim no lees paub 344 hom tsiaj, txhua qhov pib los ntawm ib lub tebchaws.
Hauv qab no peb qhia koj lub npe ntawm qee tus tsiaj uas tau lees paub los ntawm FCI thiab lawv cov keeb kwm, suav nrog 10 pawg:
Group 1. Sheepdogs and Cattle Dogs (tsuas yog Swiss Cattle Dogs)
- German Shepherd - Germany
- Belgian Shepherd - Belgium
- Mallorquin Sheepdog - Spain
- Catalan Shepherd Dog - Spain
- Beauce Shepherd - France
- Briard or Pastor de Brie - France
- Bearded collie or bearded collie – Great Britain
- Border collie – Great Britain
- Rough collie – Great Britain
- Smooth collie – Great Britain
- Bobtail – Great Britain
- White Swiss Shepherd - Switzerland
- Australian Shepherd – United States
- Basque shepherd Iletsua / Gorbeiakoa - Spain
- Boyero los yog Bouvier de Flanders - France
Group 2. Pinscher and Schnauzer type dogs - Molossoid - Swiss Mountain and Cattle Dogs
- Dobermann – Germany
- Pinscher – Germany
- Miniature Pinscher – Germany
- Giant Schnauzer - Lub teb chaws Yelemees
- Schnauzer – Germany
- Miniature Schnauzer - Lub teb chaws Yelemees
- Dogo Argentino - Argentina
- Shar pei – Tuam Tshoj
- Boxer – Germany
- German Mastiff los yog Great Dane – Lub teb chaws Yelemees
- Rottweiler – Lub teb chaws Yelemees
- Dogue mallorquín los yog Ca de Bou – Spain
- Dogo canario – Spain
- Dogue de Bordeaux – Fabkis
- Bulldog – Great Britain
- Bullmastiff – Great Britain
- Mastiff – Great Britain
- Neapolitan Mastiff – Italy
- Spanish Alano – Spain
- Newfoundland – Canada
- Leonberger – Lub teb chaws Yelemees
- Spanish Mastiff – Spain
- Pyrenean Mastiff – Spain
- Pyrenees Roob – France
- Saint Bernard – Switzerland
- Bernese Mountain Dog - Switzerland
Group 3. Terriers
- Airedale terrier – Great Britain
- Yorkshire terrier - Great Britain
- Fox terrier – Great Britain
- Kerry xiav terrier – Ireland
- Andalusian Winemaker Ratonero – Spain
- Valencian Buzzard – Spain
- Jack Russell Terrier – Australia
- West Highland Dawb Terrier los yog Westy – Great Britain
- Scotishterrier los yog scotty – Great Britain
- English Bull Terrier – Great Britain
- Staffordshire Bull Terrier – Great Britain
- American Staffordshire Terrier - Tebchaws Asmeskas
Pob 4. Dachshunds
Dachshund los yog Dachhound – Germany
Group 5. Spitz type and primitive type dogs
- Samoyed – Russia
- Alaskan Malamute - United States
- Siberian Husky – United States
- German Spitz - Lub teb chaws Yelemees
- Chow Chow – China
- Akita Inu – Japan
- Shiba Inu – Nyiv
- Podenco canario – Spain
- Ibicenco Hound – Spain
Pob 6. Bloodhounds, trail dogs and similar breeds
- Spanish Hound - Spain
- Basset Hound – Great Britain
- Beagle – Great Britain
- Dalmatian – Croatia
Pob 7. Qauv dev
- German Shorthaired Pointer or Kurzhaar – Lub teb chaws Yelemees
- German Wirehaired Pointer or Drahthaar – Germany
- Weimaranner – Germany
- Burgos Pointer – Spain
- Epagneul Breton – France
- Pointer – Great Britain
- English Setter – Great Britain
- Setter Gordon – Great Britain
- Irish Setter – Ireland
Pab 8. Yos Hav Zoov, Yos Hav Zoov los yog Dej Dej
- Labrador retriever – Great Britain
- Golden retriever – Great Britain
- English Cocker Spaniel – Great Britain
- English Springer Spaniel – Great Britain
- American Cocker Spaniel – United States
- Spanish Dej Aub - Spain
Pob 9. Khuv xim dev
- M altese Bichon – Italy
- Bichon Frisé – France-Belgium
- Poodle – France
- Suav Crested Dog - China
- Lasha Apso – Tibet
- Shih Tzu – Tibet
- Chihuahua – Mexico
- Cavalier King Charles Spaniel – Great Britain
- Fabkis Bulldog – France
- Pug or pug – Great Britain
- Boston terrier – United States
Pob 10. Greyhounds
- Afghan Hound - Afghanistan
- Saluki – Middle East
- Greyhound – Great Britain
- Spanish Greyhound – Spain
