CLASSIFICATION of INVERTEBRATE tsiaj

Cov txheej txheem:

CLASSIFICATION of INVERTEBRATE tsiaj
CLASSIFICATION of INVERTEBRATE tsiaj
Anonim
Classification of invertebrate animal fetchpriority=siab
Classification of invertebrate animal fetchpriority=siab

Cov tsiaj txhu tsis muaj zog yog cov uas, ua ib qho zoo sib xws, qhia qhov tsis muaj kab mob vertebral thiab cov pob txha sab hauv. Feem coob ntawm cov tsiaj hauv ntiaj teb no pom muaj nyob rau hauv pab pawg no, sawv cev 95% ntawm cov tsiaj uas twb muaj lawm Ua ib pawg neeg muaj ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv lub nceeg vaj no, nws categorization tau ua nws heev. nyuaj, yog li ntawd tsis muaj kev qhia meej meej, txij li lub zej zog kev tshawb fawb tau tswj hwm kom paub cov cim tshiab tsis tu ncua, uas suav nrog hauv cov npe.

Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm hauv qab no ntawm peb lub xaib, peb coj koj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhia cov tsiaj txhu tsis muaj zog uas, raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, yog ib pawg loj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb fascinating ntawm cov tsiaj nyob.

Ntawm kev siv lo lus invertebrate

Lub sij hawm invertebrate tsis sib haum mus rau ib tug formal qeb nyob rau hauv scientific classification systems, vim nws yog ib tug generic term uas hais txog qhov tsis muaj. ntawm ib qho kev zoo sib xws (caj qaum), tab sis tsis mus rau qhov muaj qhov zoo sib koom los ntawm pawg, xws li cov kab mob vertebrates.

Cov lus hais saum toj no tsis txhais hais tias kev siv lo lus invertebrate yog invalidated, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, feem ntau yog siv los hais cov tsiaj no, tsuas yog siv los qhia ib tugntau lub ntsiab lus.

How are invertebrate animal classified?

Raws li nrog rau lwm yam tsiaj, nyob rau hauv kev faib tawm ntawm invertebrates tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim, txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee qhov kev pom zoo tias cov pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov invertebrates tuaj yeem faib ua phyla hauv qab no:

  • Arthropods.
  • Mollusks.
  • Annelids.
  • Flathelminths.
  • Nematodes.
  • Echinoderms.
  • Cnidarians.
  • Porifera.

Lawv yog cov tsiaj uas muaj lub cev tsim tau zoo, uas muaj cov exoskeleton ua los ntawm chitin. Ntxiv rau, lawv muaj qhov sib txawv thiab tshwj xeeb appendages rau ntau yam haujlwm nyob ntawm pawg.

Cov arthropod phylum corresponds to the biggest group in the animal kingdom and is classified into four subphyla: Trilobites (tag nrho cov extinct), chelicerates, crustaceans thiab unirameans. Cia peb kawm seb cov ntug uas muaj nyob niaj hnub no muab faib li cas.

Hauv no, thawj ob daim ntawv ntxiv tau raug hloov kho los ua tus chelicerae. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj pedipalps, plaub khub ob txhais ceg thiab tsis muaj antennae. Lawv raug tsim los ntawm cov chav kawm:

  • Merostomates: lawv tsis muaj pedipalps, tab sis muaj tsib khub ob txhais ceg, xws li lub lauj kaub tais diav (Limulus polyphemus).
  • Pycnogonids: Marine tsiaj nrog tsib khub ob txhais ceg uas feem ntau hu ua kab laug sab hiav txwv.
  • Arachnids: lawv muaj ob thaj chaw los yog tagmas, chelicerae, pedipalps uas tsis yog ib txwm zoo tsim, thiab plaub khub ob txhais ceg. Xws li kab laug sab, scorpions, zuam, thiab mites.

Crustaceans

Nyob hauv dej thiab muaj cov gills, kav hlau txais xov thiab lub puab tsaig. Lawv raug tsim los ntawm tsib pawg neeg sawv cev, cov uas yog:

  • Remipedios: lawv dig muag thiab nyob hauv qhov tsua tob dej hiav txwv, zoo li hom Speleonectes tanumekes.
  • Cephalocarids: lawv yog cov marine, me me thiab yooj yim hauv lub cev.
  • Branchiopods: Me me mus rau nruab nrab, lawv nyob hauv cov dej tshiab, tab sis kuj yog dej ntsev. Lawv muaj posterior appendages. Nyob rau hauv lem, lawv tau ua los ntawm plaub qhov kev txiav txim: anostracea (qhov twg peb tuaj yeem nrhiav cov goblin cw xws li Streptocephalus mackini), notostracea (hu ua tadpole cw, xws li Artemia franciscana), cladocerans (uas yog dej fleas) thiab concrustaceans (cov cw. clams, xws li Lynceus brachyurus).
  • Maxillopods: feem ntau me me thiab nrog lub plab thiab cov appendages. Lawv muab faib ua ostracods, mystacocarids, copepods, tantulocarids, branchiers thiab barnacles.
  • Malacostracea: Cov no yog cov crustaceans paub zoo tshaj plaws rau tib neeg., ntawm cov isopods (xws li Armadillium granulatum), amphipods (xws li Alicella gigantea), euphausiaceans, uas feem ntau hu ua krill (xws li Meganyctiphanes norvegica) thiab decapods, ntawm cov uas peb pom rau crabs, cw thiab lobster.

Unirame

Lawv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tag nrho cov appendages lawv muaj yog ib ceg lossis axis thiab muaj antennae, mandibles thiab maxillae. Lub subphylum no yog tsim los ntawm tsib chav kawm:

  • Diplopoda: tus yam ntxwv uas feem ntau muaj ob txhais ceg ntawm txhua ntu uas ua rau lub cev. Hauv pab pawg no peb pom millipedes, xws li hom Oxidus gracilis.
  • Chilopods : lawv muaj nees nkaum ib ntu, txhua tus muaj ob txhais ceg. Cov pab pawg no feem ntau hu ua centipedes (Lithobius forficatus, thiab lwm yam).
  • Pauropods: me me, nrog lub cev mos thiab txog li kaum ob ob txhais ceg.
  • Symphylls: whiteish, me thiab fragile.
  • Class insecta: lawv muaj ib khub kav hlau txais xov, peb khub ob txhais ceg thiab feem ntau tis. Nws yog ib tug ntau ntawm cov tsiaj uas pab pawg yuav luag peb caug sib txawv txiav txim.
Classification ntawm invertebrate tsiaj - Classification ntawm arthropods
Classification ntawm invertebrate tsiaj - Classification ntawm arthropods

qhia cov molluscs

Cov phylum no yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev muaj lub cev , nrog rau lub cev muaj lub cev hu ua radula, uas nyob hauv lub cev. qhov ncauj Thiab nws muaj scraper muaj nuj nqi. Lawv muaj ib tug qauv hu ua ib tug ko taw uas yuav siv tau rau locomotion los yog fixation. Lawv circulatory system yog qhib nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm lawv, gaseous pauv yog nqa tawm los ntawm gills, ntsws los yog saum npoo ntawm lub cev thiab lub paj hlwb txawv raws li cov pab pawg neeg. Lawv muab faib ua yim chav:

  • Caudofoveados: cov tsiaj hiav txwv uas khawb av. Lawv tsis muaj lub plhaub tab sis muaj calcareous spicules, xws li Falcidens crossotus.
  • Solenogastros: zoo li cov chav kawm yav dhau los, lawv yog cov tubrog nkoj, cov burrowers thiab muaj cov qauv calcareous, txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis muaj radula thiab gills, (xws li Neomenia carinata).
  • Monoplacophores: lawv yog cov me me, nrog lub plhaub puag ncig thiab muaj peev xwm nkag tau ua tsaug rau ko taw, (xws li Neopilina rebainsi).
  • Polyplacophores: nrog elongated, flattened lub cev thiab muaj lub plhaub. Nws ua raws li chitons, xws li hom Acanthochiton garnoti.
  • Scaphopods: nws lub cev yog nyob rau hauv ib lub plhaub tubular nrog qhib rau ntawm ob sab. Lawv kuj hu ua dentalia lossis fang shells. Ib qho piv txwv yog hom Antalis vulgaris.
  • Gastropods: nrog cov duab asymmetric thiab muaj lub plhaub, uas tau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm torsion, tab sis tej zaum yuav tsis muaj nyob rau hauv ib co hom. Cov chav kawm suav nrog cov qwj thiab slugs, xws li cov qwj hom Cepaea nemoralis.
  • Bivalves: lub cev yog nyob rau hauv ib lub plhaub nrog ob lub li qub uas tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv. Ib qho piv txwv yog hom Venus verrucosa.
  • Cephalopods: nws lub plhaub tau txo qis los sis tsis muaj, nrog lub taub hau thiab ob lub qhov muag zoo thiab muaj cov tentacles lossis caj npab. Hauv chav kawm no peb pom octopuses thiab squids.
Classification ntawm invertebrate tsiaj - Classification ntawm molluscs
Classification ntawm invertebrate tsiaj - Classification ntawm molluscs

Lawv yog metameric worms, uas yog, nrog lub cev segmentation, sab nraud moist cuticle, kaw circulatory system thiab ua tiav digestive system, cov roj. Kev sib pauv yog los ntawm gills lossis tawv nqaij thiab lawv tuaj yeem yog hermaphrodites lossis muaj kev sib deev sib deev.

Kev faib tawm siab dua ntawm annelids yog tsim los ntawm peb chav kawm:

  • Polychaetes: mas marine, with well-differentiated head, muaj ob lub qhov muag thiab tentacles. Feem ntau segment muaj lateral appendages. Peb tuaj yeem hais ua piv txwv hom Nereis succinea thiab Phyllodoce lineata.
  • Oligochaetes: lawv yog cov yam ntxwv los ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab tsis muaj lub taub hau. Peb muaj piv txwv li cov tsiaj txhu (Lumbricus terrestris).
  • Hirudineos: Raws li ib qho piv txwv ntawm hirudineos peb pom leeches (xws li Hirudo medicinalis), nrog rau cov ntu ntu, muaj ntau lub nplhaib thiab suction khob.
Classification of invertebrate tsiaj - Classification ntawm annelids
Classification of invertebrate tsiaj - Classification ntawm annelids

Classification of flatworms

Lawv yog cov tsiaj nyegdorsoventrally, nrog rau qhov ncauj thiab qhov chaw mos qhib thiab primitive los yog yooj yim paj hlwb thiab sensory system. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tsis muaj qhov ua pa thiab cov hlab ntsha.

Lawv muab faib ua plaub hoob:

  • Turbellarians: nrog rau daim ntawv nyob dawb, uas tuaj yeem ntsuas txog li 50 cm, nrog rau daim tawv nqaij ua los ntawm cilia thiab nrog muaj peev xwm nkag tau. Lawv feem ntau hu ua planaria (xws li Temnocephala digitata).
  • Monogeneans: lawv yog cov kab mob cab ntawm cov ntses thiab qee cov qav los yog vaub kib. Lawv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev muaj lub voj voog ncaj qha, nrog rau ib tus tswv tsev (xws li Haliotrema sp.).
  • Trematodes: nws lub cev yog nplooj-zoo li tus, tus yam ntxwv los ntawm cov kab mob parasitic. Qhov tseeb, feem ntau yog endoparasites ntawm vertebrates (xws li Fasciola hepatica).
  • Cestodes: nrog cov yam ntxwv uas txawv ntawm cov chav kawm dhau los, lawv muaj lub cev ntev thiab tiaj tus, tsis muaj cilia hauv cov neeg laus daim ntawv thiab plab zom mov. cev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau them nrog microvilli uas ua rau cov kab mob sib kis los yog npog ntawm tus tsiaj (xws li Taenia solium).
Classification of invertebrate tsiaj - Classification ntawm flatworms
Classification of invertebrate tsiaj - Classification ntawm flatworms

Cov kab mob meuas nyob hauv marine, dej tshiab thiab av ecosystems, ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv polar thiab tropical cheeb tsam, muaj peev xwm mus cab lwm yam tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag. Muaj ntau txhiab hom kab mob thiab lawv muaj cov yam ntxwv cylindrical zoo li, nrog lub cuticle hloov tau thiab tsis muaj cilia lossis flagella.

Cov hauv qab no yog kev faib tawm raws li cov yam ntxwv morphological ntawm pawg thiab sib raug rau ob chav kawm:

  • Adenophorea: Lawv lub cev nqaij daim tawv yog ncig, kauv, los yog pore-puab. Hauv chav kawm no peb tuaj yeem pom cov kab mob parasitic Trichuris trichiura.
  • secernentea: nrog dorsolateral sensory organs thiab cuticle tsim los ntawm ob peb txheej. Hauv pab pawg no peb tso cov kab mob cab Ascaris lumbricoides.
Classification of invertebrate tsiaj - Classification ntawm nematodes
Classification of invertebrate tsiaj - Classification ntawm nematodes

Classification of echinoderms

Lawv yog cov tsiaj hauv hiav txwv uas tsis muaj segmentation. Nws lub cev yog puag ncig, cylindrical los yog lub hnub qub zoo li, tsis muaj lub taub hau thiab nrog ntau yam kev xav. Lawv nthuav tawm calcareous spicules, nrog locomotion los ntawm ntau txoj kev.

Cov phylum no muab faib ua ob lub subphyla: Pelmatozoa (khob los yog calyx-shaped) thiab Eleutherozoa (stellate, discoid, globular los yog dib-puab lub cev).

Pelmatozoa

pab pawg no yog tsim los ntawm cov chav kawm crinoids, qhov twg peb pom cov neeg feem ntau hu ua hiav txwv lilies, thiab cov uas muaj peev xwm. hais txog hom Antedon Mediterranea, Davidaster rubiginosus thiab Himerometra robustipinna, thiab lwm yam.

Eleutherozoa

Nyob rau hauv lub subphylum thib ob muaj tsib chav kawm:

  • Concentricicloideos: hu ua sea daisies (eg Xyloplax janetae).
  • Asteroids: or starfish (eg Pisaster ochraceus).
  • Ophyuroids: uas suav nrog cov hnub qub nkig (xws li Ophiocrossota multispina).
  • Echinoids: nquag hu ua hiav txwv urchins (xws li Strongylocentrotus franciscanus thiab Strongylocentrotus purpuratus).
Classification ntawm cov tsiaj invertebrate - Classification ntawm echinoderms
Classification ntawm cov tsiaj invertebrate - Classification ntawm echinoderms

Cnidarians

Lawv yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua dej hiav txwv thiab muaj ob peb hom dej tshiab. Muaj ob hom ntawm cov neeg no: polyps thiab medusas Lawv muaj chitinous, calcareous los yog protein exoskeleton los yog endoskeleton, nrog asexual los yog kev sib deev reproduction thiab tsis ua pa. system thiab excretory. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm cov pab pawg neeg yog lub xub ntiag ntawm stinging cells uas lawv siv los tiv thaiv los yog tua tsiaj.

Ntug tau muab faib ua plaub chav kawm:

  • Hydrozoans: uas muaj lub neej asexual nyob rau theem polyp thiab lub neej kev sib deev nyob rau theem medusa, txawm li cas los xij, qee hom lawv. tej zaum yuav tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov theem. Polyps tsim cov cheeb tsam ruaj khov thiab jellyfish tuaj yeem txav tau yooj yim (xws li Hydra vulgaris).
  • Scyphozoans: chav kawm no feem ntau suav nrog cov jellyfish loj, nrog lub cev ntawm ntau yam duab thiab txawv thicknesses, uas yog tsim los ntawm ib tug gelatinous txheej. Nws cov theem polyp txo qis heev (piv txwv li Chrysaora quinquecirrha).
  • Cubozoa: Feem ntau zoo li tus jellyfish, qee qhov ncav cuag qhov siab. Lawv yog cov neeg ua luam dej thiab tua tsiaj zoo heev, thiab qee hom tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg tuag taus, thaum qee qhov muaj tshuaj lom me me (xws li Carybdea marsupialis).
  • Anthozoa: lawv yog paj zoo li polyps, tsis muaj theem medusa. Lawv tag nrho cov marine, muaj peev xwm nyob superficially los yog tob thiab nyob rau hauv lub polar los yog tropical dej. Nws muab faib ua peb pawg, uas yog aoantaria (cov anemones), cerianantipatharies, thiab alcyanians.
Classification of invertebrate tsiaj - Classification ntawm cnidarians
Classification of invertebrate tsiaj - Classification ntawm cnidarians

Pab pawg no suav nrog sponges, uas nws tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog tias lawv lub cev muaj ntau qhov pores thiab cov kab ke sab hauv uas lawv lim cov zaub mov. Lawv yog cov sessile thiab cia siab rau cov dej ntws los ntawm lawv rau zaub mov thiab oxygen. Lawv tsis muaj cov ntaub so ntswg tiag tiag thiab yog li ntawd lub cev. Lawv yog cov dej tshwj xeeb, feem ntau yog marine, txawm hais tias muaj qee hom tsiaj uas nyob hauv dej tshiab. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias lawv tau ua los ntawm calcium carbonate lossis silica thiab collagen.

Lawv muab faib ua cov chav hauv qab no:

  • Calcareous: nyob rau hauv uas cov spicules los yog units uas tsim lub cev pob txha yog calcareous keeb kwm, uas yog, calcium carbonate (Sycon raphanus).
  • Hexactinélidas: tseem hu ua vitreous, uas muaj xws li cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb uas lawv lub cev pob txha txhav thiab yog tsim los ntawm silica spicules ntawm rau rays (xws li Euplectella aspergillum).
  • . Cov spicules uas tsim lawv yog silica, tab sis tsis yog rau-rayed (xws li Xestospongia testudinaria).

Classification ntawm invertebrate tsiaj - Classification ntawm porifera
Classification ntawm invertebrate tsiaj - Classification ntawm porifera

Lwm yam invertebrates

Raws li peb tau hais lawm, pab pawg no muaj ntau heev thiab muaj lwm cov phyla uas suav nrog hauv kev faib cov tsiaj txhu tsis muaj qab hau. Ib txhia yog:

  • Placozoa.
  • Ctenophores.
  • Chaetognatha.
  • Neertines.
  • Gnathostomulids.
  • Rotifers.
  • Gastrotricos.
  • Kinorincos.
  • Loriciferae.
  • Priapulids.
  • Nematomorphs.
  • Endoprocts.
  • Onychophora.
  • Tardigrades.
  • Ectoprocts.
  • Brachiopods.

Raws li peb tau pom, kev faib cov tsiaj txhu tsis rov qab muaj ntau heev, thiab nrog rau lub sijhawm dhau los, cov tsiaj uas suav nrog nws yuav muaj tseeb txuas ntxiv mus, uas qhia tau hais tias peb ib zaug ntxiv tias zoo kawg nkaus li. tsiaj ntiaj teb no.

Pom zoo: