Muaj ib ceg ntawm ecology, hu ua synecology, uas kawm txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm ecosystems thiab cov zej zog ntawm tib neeg. Nyob rau hauv synecology, peb nrhiav tau ib feem ntawm kev saib xyuas ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tsiaj nyob, nrog rau kev noj kev sib raug zoo, uas yog summed nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov chains, raws li yog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom noj nyob rau hauv dej.
Synecology piav qhia tias cov khoom noj khoom haus yog txoj kev lub zog thiab cov teeb meem txav ntawm ib qib kev tsim khoom mus rau lwm qhov, kuj suav nrog kev poob lub zog, xws li ua pa. Hauv tsab xov xwm no ntawm peb lub xaib peb yuav piav qhia
Difference of food chains and webs
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kom nkag siab qhov nyuaj ntawm cov khoom noj hauv dej peb yuav tsum paub qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom noj lossis cov saw hlau thiab lub vev xaib thiab dab tsi txhua tus yog.
A cov khoom noj khoom hausqhia tias muaj teeb meem thiab lub zog txav mus li cas hauv ib qho ecosystem los ntawm cov kab mob sib txawv, nyob rau hauv ib txoj kab thiab unidirectional, ib txwm pib nrog autotrophic yog tus thawj tsim khoom ntawm cov teeb meem thiab lub zog, vim nws muaj peev xwm hloov cov teeb meem inorganic mus rau hauv cov organic teeb meem thiab tsis yog-assimilable zog qhov chaw mus rau assimilable zog, xws li hloov lub hnub ci rau hauv ATP (adenosine triphosphate, lub zog ntawm cov nyob. cov tsiaj). Cov teeb meem thiab lub zog tsim los ntawm cov tsiaj autotrophic yuav dhau mus rau lwm tus neeg heterotrophic los yog cov neeg siv khoom, uas tuaj yeem yog cov neeg siv khoom thawj, theem nrab thiab qib siab.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, food web is a set of food chains that interconnected, show a move of energy and matter much. ntau complex.
Cov khoom noj hauv dej
Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm cov saw khoom noj tsis sib txawv ntawm cov av thiab cov dej hauv dej, qhov sib txawv loj tshaj plaws yog pom nyob rau theem ntawm hom thiab cov nyiaj ntawm cov khoom siv biomass, ua ntau dua hauv ecosystems. thaj av. Hauv qab no peb yuav hais txog qee qhov hom khoom noj hauv dej:
Primary Producers
Nyob hauv cov khoom noj hauv dej peb pom tias thawj cov neeg tsim khoom yog cov algae, txawm tias unicellular los yog cov phyla Glaucophyta, Rhodophyta. thiab Chlorophyta lossis, multicellular, cov superphylum Heterokonta, yog cov algae uas peb tuaj yeem pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab ntawm ntug hiav txwv dej, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem pom cov kab mob nyob rau theem no ntawm cov saw, cyanobacteria, uas kuj ua rau photosynthesis.
Cov neeg siv khoom tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom noj hauv dej feem ntau yog herbivorous animal uas pub microscopic los yog macroscopic algae thiab txawm cov kab mob. Qib no feem ntau yog ua los ntawm zooplankton thiab lwm yam herbivorous organisms
Cov neeg tau txais kev pab thib ob sawv tawm rau kev ua cov tsiaj txhu , uas pub rau cov tsiaj txhu qis. Lawv tuaj yeem yog fish, arthropods, waterfowl los yog tsiaj txhu.
Tertiary customers are the supercarnivores. Cov tsiaj txhu uas pub rau lwm cov tsiaj txhu, cov uas tsim cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thib ob.
Aquatic Food Chain Piv txwv
Muaj sib txawv degrees of complexity nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj. Nov yog x piv txwv:
- thawj piv txwv ntawm cov khoom noj hauv dej yog tsim los ntawm ob qhov txuas. Qhov no yog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm phytoplankton thiab whales. Phytoplankton yog thawj tus tsim thiab whales yog tib neeg siv.
- Cov tib whales no tuaj yeem tsim cov saw hlau peb txuas yog lawv pub rau zooplankton es tsis yog phytoplankton. Yog li cov saw yuav zoo li no: phytoplankton > zooplankton > whale. Kev taw qhia ntawm cov xub qhia tias lub zog thiab qhov teeb meem txav mus los.
- Nyob rau hauv dej thiab av av, xws li tus dej, peb yuav nrhiav tau ib tug saw ntawm plaub txuas: phytoplankton > mollusks ntawm lub genus Lymnaea > barbels (fish, Barbus barbus) > grey heron (Ardea cinerea).
- Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov saw hlau five links qhov twg peb tuaj yeem pom supercarnivore yog cov hauv qab no: Phytoplankton > krill > Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) > Hiav txwv leopard (Hydrurga leptonyx) > Orca (Orcinus orca).
In a natural ecosystem kev sib raug zoo tsis yooj yim Cov khoom noj khoom haus tau tsim los ua kom yooj yim rau kev sib raug zoo trophic thiab peb tuaj yeem nkag siab zoo dua, tab sis chains sib cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg nyob rau hauv ib tug complex network ntawm zaub mov webs. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov saw zaub mov tuaj yeem yog cov hauv qab no, qhov twg peb tuaj yeem pom tias cov saw khoom noj sib xyaw ua ke li cas:
