Cov anurans, feem ntau hu ua Qav thiab toads, yog ib pawg ntawm amphibians thiab lawv lub npe muab los ntawm cov npe ua ntej an=tsis muaj (lossis tsis pom zoo) thiab uro=tail, yog li lawv yog amphibians uaslawv tsis muaj tus Tsov tus tw hauv lub xeev laus Lawv yog cov kab mob ectothermic thiab, vim li no, lawv rov tsim dua thiab loj hlob thaum lub caij ntuj sov thiab sov tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo. Zoo li lwm yam amphibians, qav pib rov tsim dua hauv dej, thiab thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, cov txiv neej pib croaking kom nyiam poj niam. Lawv muaj nyob hauv yuav luag tag nrho lub ntiaj teb, tshwj tsis yog thaj tsam polar, suab puam, Madagascar thiab ib feem ntawm Australia.
Nyob hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav qhia rau nej txhua tus paub txog frogs'life cycle, cov kev hloov uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm no thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws kev yug me nyuam.
Reproduction in Qav
Anurans los yog Qav yog dioecious amphibians, uas yog, lawv muaj poj niam sib cais, thiab lawv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm txiv neej thiab poj niam (dimorphism kev sib deev). Thaum lub caij zoo siab rau cov qav pib, qhov ntawd yog, spring, yog thaum cov poj niam muaj cov qe twb siav lawm, thaum lub sij hawm lawv nkag mus rau hauv dej los ntsib nrog. tus txiv neej rau copulation.
Qhov no tshwm sim los ntawm "npau taws" los ntawm tus txiv neej mus rau poj niam (lub amplexus) thiab tuaj yeem yog inguinal lossis axillary, uas yog, puag hauv puab tais lossis ob txhais ceg. Lub fertilization yog sab nraud thiab, raws li cov poj niam nteg qe, txiv neej tso cov phev-laden seminal kua rau lawv, yog li fertilizing lawv. Tom qab ntawd cov qe yog npog los ntawm gelatinous txheej uas nqus dej thiab o. Ntau zaus lawv tau muab tso rau hauv cov nroj tsuag dej, lossis hauv cov nroj tsuag hauv daim ntawv ntawm rosette, qhov no txawv raws li hom qav. Raws li cov qe tsis muaj lub hau npog los tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm desiccation, lawv muab tso rau hauv loj loj ntawm cov qe uas tau koom nrog cov tshuaj gelatinous. Qhov no tiv thaiv lawv tiv thaiv kev poob siab, kab mob pathogenic, thiab tawm tsam cov tsiaj txhu.
Qab yug li cas?
Los ntawm cov qe tawm hluas nyob rau theem larval, hu ua tadpoles. Lawv nyob hauv dej, thaum cov neeg laus tuaj yeem ua lub neej nyob ib puag ncig (li no lub npe amphibian) txawm tias lawv ib txwm xav tau qhov chaw ntub dej lossis ze rau cov dej. Hauv qav muajniam txiv tu neeg, Txawm tias lawv yuav tsis muaj ntau hom Qav: ZAUM
- R-Strategy: Feem ntau yog “R-Strategists”, txhais tau tias lawv muaj ntau tus xeeb ntxwv uas lawv saib xyuas me ntsis thaum yug los. Ua li no, yog lawv muaj ntau tus xeeb ntxwv, txawm muaj ib txhia tuag los yeej txaus yuav muaj sia nyob mus ntxiv mus.
. Qav (Rhinoderma darwinii) thiab Qav ntawm Oophaga genus, xws li tshuaj lom dart qav (Oophaga pumilio). Raws li yav tas los, nws lays nws cov qe nyob rau hauv pem teb hav zoov thiab ces tus txiv neej tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm ua tau predators. Tsis tas li ntawd, kom lawv ntub dej, leej txiv nqa dej hauv nws lub kav dej kom ntub lawv. Thaum cov tub ntxhais hluas tua, tus poj niam nqa cov tadpoles ntawm nws nraub qaum kom txog thaum nws muab tso rau hauv khob uas tsim cov nroj tsuag zoo li rosette, xws li bromeliads. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus poj niam pub cov tadpoles nrog unfertilized qe kom txog thaum cov hluas muaj zog thiab loj txaus rau metamorphosis tshwm sim.
Metamorphosis of Qav
Tom qab cov tadpoles hatch los ntawm lawv cov qe, cov hatchlings mus dhau ib tug transformation process, hu ua metamorphosis, mus txog rau thaum lawv mus txog rau theem neeg laus.. Tom ntej no, peb yuav tsum nres ntawm txhua ntu ntawm Qav.
Life Cycle of Qav
In short, we can say that the life cycle of Qav sib raug zoo li no:
- Egg laying.
- Yug tadpoles.
- Kev hloov ntawm tadpoles mus rau cov neeg laus qav.
- Nkauj tawm tshiab.
Lub voj voog no kuj tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb theem lossis theem:
- Embryonic stage of Qav.
- Metamorphosis theem hauv qav.
Tom ntej no koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab uas peb txuas hauv qab no nrog lub voj voog ntawm Qav.
Yog xav paub ntxiv txog yuav ua li cas Qav reproduction, koj tuaj yeem sab laj lwm tsab xov xwm no ntawm peb qhov chaw hais txog Qav reproduction.
Embryonic stage of Qav
Qe txoj kev loj hlob pib yuav luag tam sim ntawd thiab muaj qee qhov kev hloov pauv. Ib txhia yog:
- Blastula formation: los ntawm kev sib faib ua ntu zus, uas yog, los ntawm kev sib cais, lub qe dhau los ua ib qho khoob ntawm cov hlwb (lub blastula).
- Gastrulation: ib zaug lub blastula tsim, nws nkag mus rau hauv gastrulation, uas yog, cell sib txawv txuas ntxiv mus, ib tug txheej txheem uas yuav tsim lub digestive system.. Lub sijhawm no, cov hlwb tau ntim nrog cov qe (los ntawm qhov uas embryo pub). Thaum gastrulation tiav lawm, kev sib txawv ntawm tes tshwm sim, qhov twg txhua lub xov tooj sib txawv, tshwj xeeb thiab ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, txheej txheej sab hauv hu ua endoderm tau sib txawv, uas yuav ua rau lub cev sab hauv, thiab txheej txheej sab nrauv, ectoderm, uas yuav sib txawv rau hauv cov kabmob sab nraud xws li daim tawv nqaij.
- Neurulation: neurulation tshwm sim tom qab, pib nrog lub thickening ntawm neural phaj, uas yuav tom qab sib txawv rau hauv lub notochord ntawm lub embryo thiab tom qab ntawd. Nws yuav muab rau lub paj hlwb ntawm tadpole thiab neeg laus.
Tom qab kwv yees 6 los 9 hnub, nyob ntawm hom, yog thaum cov tadpoles hatch. Lub embryo tawm ntawm lub qe thiab nws cov gelatinous txheej uas tiv thaiv nws.
Embryonic stage of qav: exceptions
Raws li peb tau hais lawm, cov larvae yog cov dej tag nrho, tab sis muaj ntau hom, xws li Sri Lankan pob zeb Qav Nannophrys ceylonensis, uas muaj tadpoles uas yog ib nrab av thiab nyob ntawm cov pob zeb ntub dej.
Qab metamorphosis theem
Peb tuaj yeem faib cov Qav' theem metamorphosis ua ob, vim muaj kev hloov pauv txawv ntawm txhua tus.
Qab larval stage
Ib zaug tus larva or tadpole hatches, it has cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
- Differentied head and body.
- Nws tsis muaj ceg.
- Nkauj hauv ventral.
- Horny puab tsaig (keratinized)
- Ventral adhesive disk qab lub qhov ncauj los txuas rau cov khoom.
- Gill ua pa.
Kev pub me nyuam qav yog ua raws zaub thaum lub sij hawm larval theem, uas lawv muaj kab me me nyob ib ncig ntawm lub qhov ncauj (hu ua labial cov hniav). Lawv tuaj yeem ua tau omnivorous, txij li nyob ntawm qhov chaw ib puag ncig, lawv tuaj yeem hloov kho thiab txawm tias yuav ua rau carnivorous, qee hom ua cannibalistic.
Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb piav qhia ntau ntxiv txog kev pub qav tadpoles.
Tadpole to Adult Qav theem
Thaum tus tadpole mus txog qhov tsim nyog kom loj hlob, nws pib hu ua metamorphosis, uas cov hauv qab no maj mam tshwm sim:
- ob txhais ceg sib txawv, thawj 2 lub nraub qaum thiab 2 pem hauv ntej.
- Skin pigmentation (me ntsis).
- Cov kua nplaum yog reabsorbed los ntawm apoptosis (tswj cell tuag).
- Tshuaj mob ntsws.
- Gills kuj reabsorbed
- Pulmonary thiab tawv nqaij ua pa.
- Differentiation of ob lub qhov muag thiab daim tawv muag.
Qab metamorphosis theem: zam
Nyob ntawm hom, cov kev hloov no tuaj yeem siv li ob peb lub hlis mus rau ob lossis peb xyoos. Muaj ntau hom uas tuaj yeem nkag mus metamorphosis txawm hauv lub qe thiab tawm los ua cov neeg laus me me.
Thaum lub metamorphosis tau tshwm sim, cov tub ntxhais hluas tawg mus rau hauv av ib puag ncig lossis tuaj yeem nyob hauv dej, qhov no yuav nyob ntawm txhua hom. Yuav luag txhua hom tsiaj raws li cov neeg laus muaj noj nqaij nojthiab, nyob ntawm hom, pub rau:
- Arthropods.
- Vim.
- Snails.
- Lwm yam invertebrates.
- Lwm Qav.
- ntses me.
- Mammals.
Lwm tus neeg yos hav zoov los ntawm stalking thiab siv lawv tus nplaig nplaum los ntes cov tsiaj, thaum lwm tus nqa zaub mov rau saum npoo siv lawv txhais tes. Ntawm qhov tod tes, Xenohyla truncata yog qhov tshwj xeeb, txij li nws yog herbivorous, nws cov khoom noj muaj xws li loj feem ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog nws, koj tuaj yeem sab laj qhov no. tsab xov xwm ntawm Qav noj dab tsi? - Pub cov qav.
Tom qab no cov qav yuav mus txog poj niam txiv neej maturity (lub sij hawm sib txawv ntawm txhua hom thiab yog nyob ntawm ib puag ncig cov ntsiab lus) uas uas yuav npaj ua niam txiv thiab yug dua tshiab.
Tam sim no koj paub tias lub neej ntawm qav yog dab tsi, yog tias koj xav paub cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qav, peb xav kom koj nyeem lwm tsab xov xwm no ntawm peb qhov chaw hais txog yam ntxwv ntawm amphibians.
