Darwin's qav, also known as Darwin's Qav, yog ib tug me me amphibian ib txwm nyob rau South America uas tau paub thoob ntiaj teb tom qab nws hais hauv Darwin cov ntawv sau. Hauv lawv qhov chaw nyob, lawv tuaj yeem pom tau yooj yim, vim lawv feem ntau yooj yim camouflaged ua tsaug rau lawv cov nplooj zoo li nplooj.
Keeb Kwm Darwin's Qav
Darwin's Qav (Rhinoderma darwinii) yog me me amphibian endemic rau Argentina thiab Chile, uas nyob hauv cov hav zoov temperate ntawm Patagonian. cheeb tsam. Nws yoog tau zoo rau cov av noo thiab thaj chaw arboreal nrog qhov siab ntawm 15 thiab 1,800 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem, uas qhia ib tug predilection rau cov laus haiv neeg hav zoov nrog ib tug complex qauv.
Hauv Argentina, nws cov pej xeem tsuas yog nyob hauv thaj tsam ciam teb nrog Chile, tuaj yeem soj ntsuam nws qhov chaw nyob hauv Nahuel Huapi thiab Lanín National Parks, nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov xeev ntawm Río Negro thiab Neuquén [1]Tam sim no nyob rau hauv Chile, Darwin tus qav tau faib los ntawm lub nroog Concepción mus rau Aysén, nyob. nyob rau thaj tsam VIII thiab XI, raws li [2]
ZIB LUB NPE Yog A NIAM TXIV NIAM TXIV NEEJ HMOO UA NTEJ YUAV UA NTEJ nto moo mus ncig ua si rau South America, devoting ib co kab rau nws los ntawm nws phau ntawv 'Vaje del Beagle'.
Chaw Ua Si Darwin's Qav
Darwin's Qav yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev sib npaug, peb lub taub hau nrog lub taub hau tawthiab lub qhov ntswg cylindrical appendage. Cov poj niam feem ntau yog me ntsis loj, ntsuas ntawm 2.5 thiab 3.5 cm nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus, thaum txiv neej tsis tshaj 2.8 cm. Ib yam li ntawd, qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov qav me no tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm lawv qhov chaw nyob, nrog cov qauv loj tshaj plaws feem ntau nyob hauv thaj chaw uas muaj lub caij nyoog zoo tshaj plaws.
Nws caj dab ntev thiab nyias piv rau nws lub cev. Ob txhais ceg pem hauv ntej tsis muaj xib teg ntawm cov ntiv tes, thaum nyob rau hauv lub hind ob txhais ceg, xib teg tuaj yeem pom tsuas yog hauv thawj peb ntiv tes xwb. Cov tawv nqaij ntawm nws nraub qaum yog me ntsis grainy thiab muaj folds lateral, thiab tuaj yeem nthuav tawm variable ntxoov los ntawm cov zaub ntsuab ntau rau cov xim kasfes xim av. Twb tau nyob rau hauv lub ventral cheeb tsam, cov keeb kwm dub nrog dawb me ntsis predominates, tus qauv no yuav characterize ib tug aposomatic xim rau ceeb toom thiab ntshai tawm predators [3]
Hauv Chile, muaj lwm hom Qav, hu ua Rhinoderma rufum thiab nrov npe hu ua Chilean Darwin's toad, uas zoo ib yam li Darwin tus qav. Hmoov tsis zoo, qhov me me Chilean Qav is suav hais tias ploj mus, txij li thaum nws tsis tau raug sau tseg hauv nws qhov chaw nyob txij li xyoo 1978.
Darwin's Qav Behavior
Ua tsaug rau cov duab thiab xim ntawm nws lub cev, Darwin's Qav tuaj yeem camouflage nws tus kheej kuj yooj yim ntawm cov nplooj ntawm cov hav zoov loj Patagonian, yog li tswj kom dissuade ntau ntawm lawv predators. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov me me amphibian no muaj ntau yam tsiaj txhu hauv nws qhov chaw nyob, xws li nas, noog thiab nab. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum nws cov txheej txheem camouflage siv tsis tau los yog tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab Qav pom nws tus kheej ntsib nrog tus tsiaj, nws feem ntau dhia rov qabthiab poob rau ntawm nws nraub qaum, ua pov thawj qhov txawv ntawm nws lub plab. Qhov kev coj cwj pwm no yog ib qho pov thawj uas ua rau cov kws tshaj lij kwv yees tias nws yog pasomal coloration ceeb toom thiab ntshai tawm tsam tus tsiaj.
Hais txog nws txoj kev noj haus, nws yog ib tug tsiaj uas noj qab nyob zoo, nws txoj kev noj haus tsuas yog siv los ntawm kev noj kab, qwj, kab laug sab, worms thiab me me invertebrates. Nyob rau hauv lawv txoj kev yos hav zoov, Darwin's frog tau siv lawv cov ntev nplaum nplaum mus ntes lawv cov tsiaj, thaum tseem tshuav "disguised" ntawm cov nplooj ntawm ib txwm hav zoov lossis thaj chaw swampy.
Ib qhov xav paub ntau tshaj plaws ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm Darwin's Qav yog nws cov nkauj, uas sau npe , ua tau zoo ib yam mus rau zaj nkauj ntawm tej noog. Rau tib neeg pob ntseg, lub suab no tuaj yeem zoo li lub xuav tawm los ntawm cov nyuj nyob hauv teb, yog vim li cas tus qav no zoo nkauj thiab me me kuj hu ua cowboy toad nws lub tebchaws tuaj.
Darwin's frog reproduction
Darwin's frog reproduction yog unique of amphibians, tuav ib tug peculiar daim ntawv incubation hu ua "neomaly". Thaum lub caij yug me nyuam, cov txiv neej thiab poj niam sib ntsib thiab ua ib hom luv luv thiab mos nuptial hug hu ua amplexus. Thaum kawg ntawm txoj kev puag no, tus poj niam tso rau hauv av , uas feem ntau tsis pub tshaj 4 hli inch. Kwv yees li 15 hnub tom qab lub amplexus, cov embryos twb nthuav tawm lawv thawj zaug, thiab tom qab ntawd tus txiv neej qhia lawv rau hauv nws lub qhov ncauj kom lawv thiaj li mus txog lub suab ntim hauv nws caj pas.
Inside the vocal sac of the txiv neej, Darwin's froglets ua tiav lawv cov larval loj hlob feem ntau thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav lossis caij nplooj zeeg. Tom qab li ntawm rau mus rau yim lub lis piam, cov me nyuam me yog "tshem tawm" los ntawm lawv niam lawv txiv lub suab sac los ntawm qhov qhib hauv qab lawv tus nplaig. Txij no mus, nws lub cev npaj dhia thiab ua neej nyob rau av, ib yam li nws niam nws txiv[4]
Lub caij yug me nyuam ntawm Darwin's Qav yog qhov tsis xwm yeem, thiab tuaj yeem tshwm sim thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo Txawm li cas los xij, hom peculiar Cov txheej txheem incubation lawv ua. feem ntau nyiam huab cua kub lub caij ntuj sov, uas yog vim li cas nws feem ntau tshwm sim thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis thiab Lub Peb Hlis.
Txoj kev txuag ntawm Darwin's Qav
Xav seb Darwin tus qav puas raug kev ploj tuag? Tam sim no, Darwin's Qav yog ib hom kev hem thawj, raug cais raws li "muaj kev phom sij" raws li Daim Ntawv Teev Npe Liab ntawm Cov Neeg Nyuaj Siab , ua los ntawm IUCN (International Union for Kev txuag ntuj)[5]
Kev poob qis sai thiab txhawj xeeb ntawm nws cov pej xeem feem ntau yog vim qhov tseeb tias, tau ntau xyoo, cov hav zoov ib txwm raug rhuav tshem los ua rau thaj chaw ua liaj ua teb thiab tsiaj txhu. Ntxiv nrog rau deforestation, Darwin's Qav zoo li tshwj xeeb rau cov kab mob sib kis hu ua chytridiomycosis, uas cuam tshuam rau ntau hom amphibian thiab yog tshwm sim los ntawm fungus ntawm genus Chytridiomycota.
The "Binational Strategy for the Conservation of Darwin's Qav", yog ib qho kev pib tseem ceeb uas, raws li nws lub npe qhia, sim txwv kev nce qib ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntawm Darwin's Qav, tiv thaiv nws txoj kev yos hav zoov lossis ntes thiab nce. kev paub txog nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib npaug ntawm South American ecosystems.
