Nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntuj tsim teb chaw cov zaub mov complex webs yog tsim nyob rau hauv uas ib co tsiaj tau noj los ntawm lwm tus neeg, kev sib raug zoo uas tso cai rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab ruaj khov kho ntawm ecosystems. Yog li, peb pom tias, qee zaum, kab yog ib feem ntawm cov khoom noj ntawm ntau hom tsiaj, raws li tshwm sim nrog wasps thiab muv, uas tau noj los ntawm ntau hom, suav nrog qee zaus zes lossis honeycombs puv ntawm zib mu ntawm tom qabLawv kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm qee cov fungi lossis protozoa uas tawm tsam lawv thiab ua rau tuag taus.
Koj puas xav paub tias leej twg yog tus predators ntawm wasps and bees? Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav tham txog cov yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb ntawm muv thiab wasps, yog li peb caw koj nyeem ntxiv.
European bee-eater (Merops apiaster)
European bee eater is a migratory noog nrog dav faib nyob rau hauv teb chaws Africa thiab Europe. Nws nyob hauv ntau hom chaw nyob xws li savannahs, hav zoov, hav zoov thiab thaj chaw ua liaj ua teb, feem ntau nyob ze cov dej qab zib. Cov zaub mov ntawm cov noog uas muaj yeeb yuj no yog tsim los ntawm cov kab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog predator of bees, tab sis nws kuj muaj xws li wasps thiab lwm yam kab ya.
Nkauj noog quaj kho siab heev ntw tau nws cov tsiaj nyaum nyob nruab nrab ntawm ya davhlau, tuav nws nruab nrab ntawm nws lub cev, mus rau ib lub perch, qhov twg nws yuav ntaus nws tawm tsam nws mus txog thaum nws tsis txav. Ua li no koj tsis txhob stung los ntawm muv los yog wasps. Tom qab ntawd nws pov nws vertically thiab nqos nws. Pair nrog cov tub hluas coj kab mus txog thaum lawv kawm ntes lawv tus kheej.
Great Tit (Parus loj)
Titmouse yog lwm tus tsiaj txhu ntawm cov kab thiab muv. Nws yog cov noog zoo nkauj uas nyob thoob plaws Africa, Asia thiab Europe, nyob hauv ntau hom hav zoov, xws li deciduous, qhib, sib xyaw lossis coniferous, nrog rau hauv vaj thiab txawm nyob hauv boreal taiga. Lub tit zoo yog omnivorous, txij li thaum nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov nws pub rau kab vim lawv abundance, thaum lawv tseem hluas, lawv noj cov kab ntsig, thaum lub caij ntuj no lawv noj cov noob thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Nyob rau hauv cov zaub, nws catches nws prey los pub.
Bee yos hav zoov (Mallophora ruficauda)
No botfly is very curious, nws nyob hauv Central thiab South America thiab, nrog rau lwm hom, nws belongs rau ib pawg hu ua "tub sab flies", uas muaj. muaj peev xwm ua tau , imitating a bumblebee nrog nws qhov loj me, lub cev npog nrog cov plaub hau dub, muaj kab txaij daj ntawm thorax thiab plab taw qhia; txawm ya los koj yeej hnov ib lub suab zoo ib yam li cov bumblebees.
hom yoov no txhoj puab heev thiab, ntawm lwm yam kab, yos hav zoov thiab preys ntawm ob muv thiab wasps Thaum nws ntes nws cov tsiaj, nws txhaj tshuaj lom qaub ncaug nrog nws cov proboscis uas ua rau tus neeg raug mob tuag tes tuag taw. Tom qab ntawd, nrog rau cov enzymes uas nws muaj, lub predigestion ntawm tus tsiaj pib absorbed tom qab.
Mus lwm hom yoov nyob rau hauv no ncej yog koj xav nthuav koj kev paub txog cov peculiar tsiaj.
Bienteveo common (Pitangus sulphuratus)
Cov bienteveo tseem hu ua bichofeo lossis cristofué, ntawm lwm lub npe. Nws yog ib tug ib txwm noog ntawm America uas txuas ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb ntawm lub teb chaws, nyob hauv ob qho tib si hav zoov thiab savannahs, thickets thiab cov neeg nyob. Nws yog ib tug omnivorous noog, uas muaj cov zaub mov dav uas suav nrog txhua yam ntawm ntses mus rau amphibians, uas nws ntxiab hauv dej. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis dhia dej ntau tshaj 3 lossis 4 zaug, yog tias nws xav noj ntxiv, nws xaiv los ntes kab suav nrog wasps
Silver Kab laug sab (Argiope argentata)
Lwm yam yog kab laug sab no, los ntawm pab pawg weavers, uas muaj ntau heev nyob rau America. Qhov no arachnid noj ntau hom tsiaj, nrog rau muv thiab lwm yam kab pollinating. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb txog qhov no, qhov tshwm sim tau raug tsa tias kab laug sab weaves nws cov webs hauv paj ntoo uas nyiam muv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm ultraviolet rays. Pom tau tias, cov kab laug sab no, zoo li cov paj, kuj qhia txog UV rays, uas yog vim li cas muv tau nyiam thiab dai rau hauv lub webs.
Galleria mellonea (Galleria mellonea)
Nov yog ib hom tsiaj uas nyob rau ntawm Lepidoptera kev txiav txim, qhov twg npauj npaim thiab npauj raug pom, thiab suav tias yog ib qho yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb ntawm muv khaus. Tus npauj loj dua nteg nws cov qe hauv lub zes lossis combs ntawm zib muv, uas pib muab kev tiv thaiv rau lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov larvae tshwm sim, lawv ua cov kab mob uas ua rau tag nrho cov khaus khaus vim lawv pub rau lub zes nws tus kheej, vim nws cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lawv, thiab lawv txawm cuab muv lawv tus kheej.
Ib yam zoo li no tshwm sim nrog tus npauj mos mos (Achoia Griselle), uas muaj peev xwm kis tau tag nrho cov muv thiab rhuav tshem lawv. Ob hom npauj ua rau poob loj hauv beekeeping, raws li lawv sai sai ua kab tsuag uas preys ntawm muv thiab lawv zes.
Black dais (Ursus americanus)
Tus dais dub, ib txwm nyob rau North America, kuj yog lwm tus tsiaj nyeg ntawm wasps thiab muv, yog qhov tseeb nyiam noj zib mu. Nws yog ib tug omnivorous tsiaj uas muaj ntau yam tsiaj thiab zaub hauv nws cov zaub mov, nrog rau carrion. Nyob rau hauv ntau yam khoom noj no, devours tag nrho cov zes ntawm wasps and bees and enjoys in the honey made by the tom kawg.
thov Vajtswv mantis (thov Vajtswv mantis)
European mantis, raws li nws kuj paub, zoo li lwm hom ntawm genus, belongs rau ib pawg ntawm cov kab carnivorous uas ntes lwm hom kab sib txawv, ntawm cov no yog cov wasps thiab muv. Mantids ntes lawv cov tsiaj nrog lawv ob txhais ceg thiab haus nws thaum nws tseem ciaj sia, yog li ntawd lawv tsis tua nws ua ntej devouring nws. Cov tsiaj no trap by ambush, txij thaum lawv nyob twj ywm lawv camouflage lawv tus kheej zoo heev nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag.
Zoo siab heev (Mellivora capensis)
Tus kab mob no yog nyob rau Asia thiab Africa, qhov chaw nws nyob hauv ntau hom hav zoov thiab nyom. Zoo ib yam li lwm hom mustelids, nws yog ib hom tsiaj uas muaj sia nyob, uas suav nrog hauv nws cov khoom noj tag nrho cov honeycombs ntawm bees, noj tsis tau tsuas yog lub zes thiab kab, tab sis kuj cov zib mu lawv tsim.
Parasites
Wasps thiab muv kuj muaj lwm hom yeeb ncuab, uas yog tsim los ntawm ntau hom kab mob. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog Nosema apis, ib tug microscopic fungus uas kis tus neeg laus zib muv thiab ua rau ib tug kab mob uas degenerates kab, ua rau, nrog rau lwm yam tshwm sim, lub impossibility ntawm mus. ya. Peb soj ntsuam qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob no hauv daim duab.
Lwm cov kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau cov muv muv yog ib qho protozoan txheeb xyuas raws li Malpighamoeba Mellificae, uas ua rau muaj hom kab mob amebiasis hauv cov kab no, cuam tshuam loj heev. lawv, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tuag loj heev hauv Hive.
Peb tseem tuaj yeem hais txog ib hom kab hu ua Varroa Sacobsoni, uas parasitizes zib muv nyob rau hauv Asia, uas yog nkag mus rau hauv khaus khaus thiab pub. ntawm hemolymph ntawm nws cov tswv.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, ib qho piv txwv ntawm tus yeeb ncuab ntawm wasps yog kab cab Xenos vesparum, uas nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv larval tswj rau nkag mus rau hauv lub cev ntawm tus Wasp kom parasitize nws mus txog thaum nws tawm ntawm nws. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov poj niam wasps, lawv nyob twj ywm tsis muaj menyuam raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob parasitic aforementioned. Nws tsis paub meej yog tias tib yam tshwm sim hauv cov txiv neej.
Thaum kawg, peb xav hais tias, ntxiv rau cov tsiaj nyeg thiab muv hais, cov tsiaj no tam sim no muaj cov yeeb ncuab tsim los ntawm peb tus kheej thiab sib raug rau Cov tshuaj sivrau kev tswj cov kab tsuag hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, uas cuam tshuam rau cov kab no, uas ua haujlwm tseem ceeb rau lub neej hauv ntiaj teb, xws li pollination. Yog li ntawd, peb thiaj hais tau tias tib neeg yog ib qho ntawm cov yeeb ncuab loj ntawm cov kab thiab muv.
Los ntawm peb lub xaib peb pom zoo kom tsis txhob siv tshuaj tua kab hauv tsev, tsis txhob tua cov yoov lossis muv uas nkag hauv peb lub tsev, tab sis nrhiav txoj hauv kev nyab xeeb kom tshem tawm. Yog tias koj pom ib tug muv los yog ib qho zes, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum hu rau cov tub ceev xwm kom lawv thiaj li tshem tawm nws thiab hloov mus rau qhov chaw uas tsim nyog.
