ECHINODERMS - Txhais, yam ntxwv, hom thiab piv txwv

Cov txheej txheem:

ECHINODERMS - Txhais, yam ntxwv, hom thiab piv txwv
ECHINODERMS - Txhais, yam ntxwv, hom thiab piv txwv
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Echinoderms - Txhais, yam ntxwv, hom thiab piv txwv fetchpriority=siab
Echinoderms - Txhais, yam ntxwv, hom thiab piv txwv fetchpriority=siab

Tsiaj ntiaj teb no muaj ntau yam zoo heev. Nyob rau hauv nws peb pom ntau yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb hauv txhua pab pawg uas ua rau nws. Hauv qhov no yog cov echinoderms, invertebrate thiab tsuas yog cov tsiaj hauv hiav txwv, nrog cov yam ntxwv uas lawv muaj. Hauv tsab xov xwm no ntawm peb lub xaib peb yuav tham txog ntug no. Ua tib zoo nyeem ntxiv, kom paub seb qhov echinoderms yog dab tsi, yam ntxwv, hom thiab piv txwv

Echinoderms yog dab tsi?

Echinoderms yog ib tug phylum ntawm cov tsiaj hauv hiav txwv thiab cov pob txha, nws lub npe hais txog cov yam ntxwv sab nraud ntawm lawv lub cev, raws li nws txhais tau tias prickly tawv nqaij. Lawv tsim ib pab pawg loj, uas muaj txog 7000 hom, txawm tias muaj ntau yam ntxiv yav dhau los. Lawv nthuav qhia cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb txuas rau lawv qhov sib luag thiab lawv txoj kev txav mus los, yam uas lawv tsis sib xws nrog lwm cov tsiaj. Yog li, vim nws qhov peculiarities, pawg no tau muaj kev sib tw rau cov kws tshawb fawb.

Echinoderms - Txhais, yam ntxwv, hom thiab piv txwv - Dab tsi yog echinoderms?
Echinoderms - Txhais, yam ntxwv, hom thiab piv txwv - Dab tsi yog echinoderms?

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm echinoderms

Raws li peb tau hais, echinoderms muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb rau cov kab mob no, uas ua rau lawv cov tsiaj tshwj xeeb. Nov yog nws cov yam ntxwv:

  • Lawv yog cov tsiaj txhu, tsim sab nraud los ntawm cov nqaj qaum los yog protuberances ntawm calcareous keeb kwm.
  • Internally, lawv kuj muaj calcareous tsim, uas yog cov endoskeleton. Lawv tuaj yeem yog daim hlau lossis cov qauv me me hu ua ossicles. Hauv txhua pab pawg theem ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm kev teeb tsa sab hauv nws txawv.
  • Lawv muaj cov kab mob aquiferous vascular system.
  • Lawv lub cev yog lub hnub qub, puag ncig lossis cylindrical.
  • Lawv tsis muaj lub taub hau thiab lub hlwbthiab lawv cov kab mob tshwj xeeb raug txo qis.
  • Lub cev muaj zog yog tsim los ntawm cov qauv tactile, chemoreceptors, tube taw, qhov rooj tentacles, thiab photoreceptors.
  • Echinoderm larvae muaj ob sab symmetry, tab sis raws li cov neeg laus lawv muaj radial symmetry uas yog tshwj xeebnyob rau hauv lub nceeg vaj tsiaj thiab tshwj xeeb pentameric. Txawm hais tias muaj lwm yam tsiaj uas muaj radial symmetry, echinoderms tsuas yog cov uas muaj tus yam ntxwv no, muaj cov kab ke nyuaj ntawm lub cev.
  • Lawv tsis muaj peev xwm rau osmoregulation, yog li Lawv tsis tuaj yeem nyob hauv brackish lossis dej tshiab.
  • Lawv muaj qhov cosmopolitan distribution, npog ntau yam tob.

Reproduction ntawm echinoderms

Echinoderms yog cov tsiaj sib txawv, tab sis muaj qee hom hermaphrodite. Cov gonads zoo li loj, nrog cov ducts yooj yim thiab tsis tsim cov khoom siv copulatory. Fertilization yog sab nraud Qee hom incubate lawv cov qe, hos lwm tus muab tso rau hauv marine ib puag ncig.

Thaum lawv fertilized, cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob pib symmetrically ob sab dawb-nyob larvae, uas yuav tsim ib feem ntawm lub zooplankton. Tom qab ntawd, lawv mus dhau ntau qhov kev hloov pauv uas ua rau tus neeg laus, hloov kho tag nrho rau radial symmetry.

Qee echinoderms kuj muaj asexual reproduction, vim lawv muaj peev xwm faib tau lawv lub cev, tsim tau ob tug tib neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee yam tsiaj muaj peev xwm autotomy thiab regeneration, kom lawv yeem yeem tshem tawm lawv tus kheej tawm ntawm ib feem ntawm lub cev uas, piv txwv li, raug mob, txij li thaum lawv yuav rov tsim dua lub sijhawm.

Echinoderm noj

Echinoderms pub rau ntau yam suspended particles nyob rau hauv hiav txwv, tab sis lawv kuj muaj peev xwm ua tau predators, txawm hais tias feem ntau ntawm hom nrog sessile lub neej vim lawv. feem ntau qeeb heev. Nyob ntawm cov hom, lawv pub rau cov nroj tsuag marine, algae, carrion, detritus, marine sponges, molluscs, crustaceans thiab muaj txawm tias qee qhov noj lwm yam echinoderms.

Echinoderm ua pa

Cov tsiaj ua pa hauv qab no muaj ntau yam qauv nyob ntawm pab pawg. Yog li, lawv tuaj yeem ua pa los ntawm dermal gills, tube taw, ntoo ua pa lossis hnab tshwj xeeb rau txoj haujlwm no. Yog li ntawd, lub complex aquifer vascular system thiab lub ambulacral apparatus ua lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub gas exchanges ntawm cov tsiaj, los ntawm kev thauj mus los ntawm sab hauv uas tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam ducts ntawm lub cev.

Echinoderms - Txhais, yam ntxwv, hom thiab piv txwv - Cov yam ntxwv ntawm echinoderms
Echinoderms - Txhais, yam ntxwv, hom thiab piv txwv - Cov yam ntxwv ntawm echinoderms

Classification of echinoderms

Echinoderms tau muab faib ua tsib chav sib txawv raws li lawv tus yam ntxwv. Qhov no yog qhov kev faib tawm taxonomic uas tau tsim:

  • Asteroidea: cov no yog cov ntses hnub qub, muaj nyob ib ncig ntawm 1800 hom.
  • Crinoidea: zoo dua lub npe hu ua hiav txwv lilies. Muaj txog 600 hom.
  • Echinoidea: cov no yog cov hiav txwv urchins, uas muaj nyob ib ncig ntawm 950 hom.
  • Holothuroidea: los yog hiav txwv dib, uas muaj txog 1400 hom.
  • Ophiuroidea: tseem hu ua brittle hnub qub, uas muaj txog 2000 hom.

Types of echinoderms

Raws li peb tau pom hauv nws qhov kev faib tawm, muaj tsib hom echinoderms. Peb pom lawv hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv:

  • Starfish: lawv yog lub hnub qub zoo li echinoderms, nrog lub hauv paus disc los ntawm tsib lossis ntau dua caj npab tawm uas lawv muaj. Ntau hom ntses hnub qub nthuav tawm cov xim zoo nkauj.
  • Hiav txwv lilies: lawv tshuav lawv lub npe rau lawv zoo ib yam li cov cog, txij li nws txhais caj npab, txuas nrog lub qia, simulate cov paj ntawm paj lossis cov ceg ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Txawm hais tias muaj coob tus muaj peev xwm mus tau los, lawv feem ntau nyob twj ywm rau hauv lub substrate.
  • Hiav txwv urchins: lawv tuaj yeem yog balloon lossis disc-shaped. Lawv tsis muaj caj npab tab sis muaj lub cev ua los ntawm cov pob txha sab nraud uas npog nrog lawv cov pob txha tshwj xeeb lossis spikes nrog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev txav mus los.
  • Hiav txwv cucumbers: hom echinoderm no tawg nrog lub globular los yog hnub qub duab ntawm cov neeg yav dhau los. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, cov tsiaj no muaj lub cev mos thiab elongatedTxawm tias sab nraud lawv tsis coincide nrog lub thib ob radial symmetry ntawm echinoderms, sab hauv lawv yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuab nrog ntau yam. ntawm tsib.
  • Blisterbreads: Lawv qee zaum yuam kev hu ua ntses hnub qub vim lawv qhov zoo sib xws. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv qhov loj me me thiab los ntawm lub hauv paus disc tuaj tsib caj npab uas nyias thiab ntev..

Piv txwv ntawm echinoderm tsiaj

Tom ntej no, cia peb kawm txog qee yam piv txwv ntawm echinoderm tsiaj.

Cov Ntses Hnub Qub (Asterias rubens)

Cov ntses hnub qub no nyiam tshaj tawm nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Atlantic. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm muaj tsib txhais caj npab blunt-kawg thiab lub cev npog nrog calcareous protuberances. Cov neeg loj tshaj plaws ncav txog 50 cm.

Marble Star (Fromia monilis)

Cov echinoderm no nyob hauv cov dej hiav txwv Indian thiab Pacific. Nws muaj lub hauv paus disk nyob rau hauv ntau ntxoov liab los ntawm tsib caj npab tawm. Nws muaj qee qhov cream-coloured, non-spiny bumps uas ua rau nws lub npe nrov, zoo li lawv zoo li marble vuas.

Giant Feather Star (T ropiometra carinata)

Nws yog ib hom ntawm hiav txwv lily uas muaj xim sib txawv, xws li daj, txiv kab ntxwv, xim av thiab txawm dub. Nws muaj lub khob zoo li lub khob thiab ua los ntawm kaum caj npab. Nws muaj mobilization peev, nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txav uas zoo nkauj heev vim nws txav nws txhais tes.

Mediterranean Comatula (Antedon Mediterranean)

No echinoderm yog lwm hom ntawm hiav txwv lily. Nws kuj muaj lub khob zoo li lub khob nrog kaum caj npab, tab sis qhov no, tsib caj npab yog ntau cegNws muaj cov qauv hu ua pinnules. Lawv zoo dua nyob ntawm li 40 meters, txawm hais tias lawv tuaj yeem nyob hauv qhov tob dua, feem ntau ntawm cov pob zeb hauv qab.

Hiav txwv urchin los yog txiv ntseej (Aracentrotus lividus)

Nyob hauv hiav txwv Mediterranean thiab sab hnub tuaj Atlantic dej hiav txwv. Nws feem ntau muaj xim liab thiab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov chaw tiaj tus ventral. Nws ncav cuag ib txoj kab uas hla mus txog li xya centimeters thiab lub cev npog nrog cov txha nraub qaum ntev.

Fire urchin (Astropyga radiata)

Lub hiav txwv urchin no yog tus yam ntxwv uas muaj lub tiaj tus los yog me ntsis concave aboral sab. Nws yog ib tug hom hedgehog loj, txog 20 cm ntev, nrog ntev spines, txog 4 cm ntev. Nws raug faib thoob plaws hauv dej hiav txwv Indian thiab Pacific, feem ntau hauv cov xuab zeb tob txog li 70 meters.

Donkey manure (Holothuria mexicana)

Nws yog ib hom tseem hu ua Michelin hiav txwv dib uas tau muab faib rau hauv hiav txwv Caribbean thiab nyob rau hauv ib lub archipelago ntawm Portugal. Nws cov xim sab nrauv yog xim av los yog grey, nrog opaque tones, thaum, sab hauv, nws yog txiv kab ntxwv los yog reddish. Nws yog dib uas tswj kom ncav cuag txog li 50 cm inch

Chocolate chip sea dib (Isostichopus badionotus)

Yog vim li cas nws lub npe yog qhov tseeb, vim nws yog dib nrog cov xim av daj uas zoo li sparks ntawm chocolate. Nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag 45 cm ntev. Lub hauv paus xim yog cream, txiv kab ntxwv los yog xim av. Nws muaj kev faib tawm thoob plaws hauv thaj chaw sov ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Atlantic.

Basket Star (Astrophyton muricatum)

Nws yog ib qho echinoderm ntawm pawg hnub qub ci ntsa iab uas nyob hauv Hiav Txwv Caribbean thiab Gulf of Mexico. Nws cov xim zoo li xim av mus rau xim dub thiab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias thaum nruab hnub nws tuav yim caj npab khawm, tab sis hmo ntuj nws ncua lawv tag nrho, ncav cuag. nyob ib ncig ntawm ib 'meter' ntev. Nws ua qhov no txhawm rau lim pub.

Common Brittle Star (Ophiura ophiura)

Cov hom ntawm lub hnub qub nkig no feem ntau nyob hauv seabeds ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm sab hnub poob Europe. Nws muaj tsib caj npab, txog 14 cm ntev, nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus me me. Nws zoo li xim av mus rau xim liab, nrog lub teeb hauv qab.

Pom zoo: