The molluscs yog ib pab tsiaj loj ntawm cov tsiaj txhu, yuav luag ntau npaum li cov tsiaj txhu. Txawm hais tias lawv yog cov tsiaj sib txawv heev, peb tuaj yeem nrhiav tau qee yam yam ntxwv uas ua rau peb faib lawv li no. Koj puas xav paub ntxiv txog lawv?
Nyob hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav kawm txog hom molluscs uas muaj nyob, lawv cov yam ntxwv, kev faib tawm thiab cov npe ntawm cov molluscs kom paub me ntsis nws ntau haiv neeg. Mus nyeem ntawv.
mollusks yog dab tsi?
Molluscs yog invertebrates nws integument yog mos zoo li annelids, tab sis lawv lub cev nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus theem tsis segmented, txawm tias ib co tej zaum yuav tiv thaiv. ntawm lub plhaub. Nws yog pawg loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsiaj invertebrate tom qab arthropods. Muaj txog 100,000 hom, ntawm 60,000 yog gastropods. Tsis tas li ntawd, 30,000 hom fossil paub.
Cov tsiaj no feem ntau yog benthic marine molluscs, uas yog, lawv nyob ntawm ntug hiav txwv. Ntau lwm tus yog cov av, zoo li qee cov qwj. Qhov kev sib txawv loj uas muaj tshwm sim txhais tau hais tias cov tsiaj no tau colonized ntau qhov chaw sib txawv thiab, yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov kev noj zaub mov muaj nyob hauv cov molluscs.
Tso nrhiav tau ntawm peb lub xaib hom qwj uas muaj nyob, marine and terrestrial.
Kab molluscs
Molluscs yog ib pawg neeg sib txawv heev thiab nrhiav cov yam ntxwv zoo rau txhua tus yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj. Yog li ntawd, peb nthuav tawm cov yam ntxwv tshaj plaws, txawm tias muaj ntau qhov kev zam:
Koj lub cev muab faib ua plaub lub ntsiab:
- Mantle: Nws yog lub dorsal nto ntawm lub cev uas muaj peev xwm secrete tiv thaiv. Qhov kev tiv thaiv no muaj chitinous thiab protein keeb kwm uas tom qab tsim calcareous deposits, spicules los yog lub plhaub. Qee cov tsiaj uas tsis muaj plhaub muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
- Locomotor foot: Nws yog ciliated, muscular thiab nrog mucous qog. Los ntawm nws tshwm sim ob peb khub ntawm cov leeg dorsoventral uas ua haujlwm kom thim ko taw thiab koom nrog rau hauv lub mantle.
- Cephalic zone: nyob rau thaj chaw no peb pom lub hlwb, lub qhov ncauj thiab lwm yam kabmob.
- Pallial kab noj hniav: qhov no yog qhov chaw osphradia (olfactory organs), lub cev qhib (qhov quav) thiab gills, hu ua ctenidia, nyob.
digestive system of molluscs has some characteristic features:
- Stomach: lawv muaj kev zom zaub mov ntxiv. Cov khoom digestible yog xaiv los ntawm lub plab zom mov (hepatopancreas) thiab cov seem kis mus rau txoj hnyuv los tsim cov quav.
- Radula: Cov khoom no nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj yog ib tug toothed ribbon-puab daim nyias nyias, txhawb los ntawm lub odontophore (ntau ntawm cartilaginous sib xws) thiab tsiv los ntawm cov leeg complex. Cov tsos mob thiab kev txav mus los zoo ib yam li tus nplaig. Cov hniav chitinous ntawm radula rhuav cov zaub mov. Cov hniav qub thiab hnav tsoo tawm thiab cov tshiab tsim nyob rau hauv lub hnab radular. Ntau tus solenogastros tsis muaj radula thiab tsis muaj bivalves muaj ib qho.
Tab sis kuj, lub circulatory system qhib, tsuas yog lub plawv thiab cov kab mob ze tshaj plaws muaj cov hlab ntsha. Lub plawv muab faib ua ob lub atria thiab ib lub ventricle. Lawv tsis muaj lub tshuab ua pa tawm xws li. Lawv muaj metanephridia uas koom tes nrog lub plawv, uas yog ib qho ultrafilter, tsim cov zis thawj uas yuav rov qab nqus los ntawm nephridia, uas kuj tswj cov dej. Lub reproductive system muaj ib khub gonads nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub pericardium. Cov gametes raug tshem tawm mus rau hauv lub pallial kab noj hniav, feem ntau ntawm lawv txuas nrog nephridia. Lawv tuaj yeem yog dioecious lossis hermaphrodite.
qhia cov molluscs
Lub mollusk phylum muab faib ua yim chav kawm, txhua yam muaj nyob. Cov chav kawm ntawm molluscs yog:
- Class Caudofoveata: lawv yog worm-shaped molluscs Lawv tsis muaj lub plhaub, tab sis lawv lub cev yog them nrog calcareous thiab aragonitic spicules. Lawv nyob faus rau hauv av nrog lawv taub hau.
- Class Solenogastrea: lawv yog cov tsiaj zoo ib yam li cov chav kawm yav dhau los, ntau heev uas keeb kwm lawv suav nrog tib pab pawg. Lawv kuj muaj lub cev zoo li tus cab, tab sis es tsis txhob nyob faus lawv ua dawb hauv dej hiav txwv, pub rau cnidarians. Ib yam li ntawd, lawv nthuav tawm calcareous thiab aragonitic spicules.
- Class Monoplacophora: cov no yog cov molluscs primitive heev. Lawv lub cev yog npog los ntawm ib lub plhaub, zoo li ib nrab clam, tab sis lawv muaj cov leeg ko taw zoo li qwj.
- Class Polyplacophora: Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag lawv zoo ib yam li ib hom crustacean, tus kab kab. Nws lub cev yog npog los ntawm cov hlau nplaum hlau nplaum. Lawv kuj muaj ib tug nkag mus ko taw thiab radula.
- Class Scaphopoda: Cov molluscs no muaj lub cev elongated heev, nrog rau lawv lub plhaub, uas yog zoo li tus hneev, yog li lawv. yog lub npe hu ua tusk shells. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov paub zoo tshaj plaws ntawm marine molluscs.
- Class Bivalvia: Bivalves, raws li lawv lub npe qhia, yog molluscs uas nws lub cev yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob lub li qub los yog plhaubOb lub li qub no kaw ua tsaug rau qhov kev ua ntawm cov leeg thiab ligaments. Cov paub zoo tshaj plaws ntawm bivalve molluscs yog clams, mussels lossis oysters.
- Class Gastropoda: gastropods are known snails and slugs, ob qho tib si terrestrial thiab marine. Lawv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lub taub hau zoo, cov leeg pob txha uas yog siv rau kev nkag los yog ua luam dej, thiab lub plhaub ntawm sab nraub qaum. Lub plhaub no yuav tsis muaj nyob hauv qee hom.
- Class Cephalopoda: pawg cephalopods yog tsim los ntawm cov octopus, cuttlefish, squid thiab nautilus Txawm tias zoo li cas, lawv txhua tus muaj lub plhaub. Qhov pom tseeb tshaj plaws yog cov nautiluses, raws li nws yog sab nraud. Cuttlefish thiab squid muaj ntau dua los yog tsawg dua lub plhaub loj hauv. Lub plhaub octopus yuav luag vestigial, nws tsuas muaj ob qhov zoo calcareous strands hauv nws lub cev. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cephalopods yog tias cov leeg pob txha tam sim no nyob rau hauv molluscs tau hloov mus rau hauv tentacles. Lawv muaj li ntawm 8 mus rau ntau tshaj 90 tentacles, nyob ntawm hom.
Piv txwv molluscs
Tam sim no koj paub cov yam ntxwv thiab kev faib tawm ntawm molluscs. Tom ntej no, peb yuav saib qee qhov hom molluscs thiab piv txwv:
1. Chaetoderma elegans
zoo li tus kab mob kab mob thiab tsis muaj plhaub , hom mollusc no belongs rau chav kawm Caudofoveata. Nws muaj kev faib khoom kub nyob rau hauv dej hiav txwv Pacific. Nws tuaj yeem pom ntawm qhov tob ntawm 50 meters mus rau ntau tshaj 1800 meters.
ob. Neomenian Carinata
Nws yog lwm tus vermiform mollusk, tab sis lub sij hawm no nws belongs rau tsev neeg Solenogastrea. Nws tau pom nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm 10 txog 565 meters nyob ywj pheej nyob rau hauv dej hiav txwv Atlantic, tawm ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Portugal.
3. Hiav txwv kab laum (Chiton articulatus)
Hiav txwv kab laum yog ib hom kab mob polyplacophorous mollusk kab laum nyob rau Mexico. Nws nyob ntawm pob zeb substrate nyob rau hauv intertidal aav. Nws yog hom loj, thiab tuaj yeem ncav cuag 7.5 centimeters ntev.
4. Antalis vulgaris
Nws yog ib hom scaphopod mollusk nrog ib tug tubular los yog fang-shaped plhaub. Nws yog dawb. Nws nyob hauv qhov ntiav xuab zeb thiab av nkos substrates, nyob rau thaj tsam intertidal. Lawv tuaj yeem pom nyob rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Atlantic thiab Mediterranean.
5. Coquina los yog tellina (Donax trunculus)
Coquinas me bivalves uas feem ntau nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Atlantic thiab Mediterranean. Lawv muaj nuj nqis heev hauv cov kab lis kev cai hauv zos. Lawv tuaj yeem nyob hauv thaj tsam infratidal txog 20 meters tob..
6. European tiaj tus oyster (Ostrea edulis)
Oysters yog ib qho ntawm bivalve hom molluscs nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim Ostreoida. Cov tsiaj no muaj peev xwm ntsuas tau txog 11 centimeters thiab tsim tau pearls ua los ntawm niam-ntawm-pearl Lawv tau faib los ntawm Norway mus rau Morocco thiab Mediterranean. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tau cog rau hauv aquaculture.
7. Hom vaj qwj (Helix aspersa)
Qav nquag yog ib hom kab mob gastropod mollusk pulmonary respiration, uas yog, lawv tsis muaj gills thiab nyob saum npoo. ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Lawv xav tau cov dej noo ntau, thiab thaum lawv tsis muaj, lawv nkaum hauv lawv lub plhaub rau lub sijhawm ntev kom tsis txhob ziab tawm.
8. Common octopus or rock octopus (Octopus vulgaris)
Cov octopus yog ib tug cephalopod uas nyob hauv Dej Hiav Txwv Atlantic thiab Hiav Txwv Mediterranean. Lawv ntev li ib 'meter' thiab tuaj yeem hloov xim ua tsaug rau chromatophores. Lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev noj zaub mov.
Ntau mollusk names
Koj puas tau xav ntau dua? Hauv qab no peb yuav hais txog lwm yam hom molluscs:
- Scutopus robustus
- Scutopus ventrolineatus
- Laevipilina cachuchensis
- Laevipilina rolani
- Tonicella lineata
- Diffuse chiton lossis phantom chiton (Acanthopleura granulata)
- Ditrupa arietina
- Cristaria plicata (Cristaria plicata)
- Hiav txwv snail (Iberus gu altieranus alonensis)
- veneer (Iberus gu altieranus gu altieranus)
- Giant African Snail (Achatina fulica)
- Yam Cuttlefish (Sepia Tus Kws Ua Haujlwm Cuttin)
- Atlantic giant squid (Architeuthis dux)
- Giant octopus or North Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini)
- Palaean Nautilus (Nautilus belauensis)
Discover also on our site ua cas mollusks reproduce in a complete guide.
