The kingdom animalia or metazoa, hu ua tsiaj kingdom, muaj ntau yam kab mob sib txawv. Muaj cov tsiaj uas ntsuas tsawg dua ib millimeter, xws li ntau rotifers; tab sis kuj yog cov tsiaj uas ncav cuag 30 meters, xws li xiav whale. Qee tus tsuas yog nyob hauv thaj chaw tshwj xeeb, thaum lwm tus tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob txawm tias nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav tshaj plaws. Qhov no yog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm seahorse thiab tardigrades, ntsig txog.
Tsuas yog, tsiaj txhu tuaj yeem yooj yim zoo li daim txhuam cev lossis nyuaj li tib neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua hom tsiaj tau yoog zoo rau lawv qhov chaw nyob thiab, ua tsaug rau qhov no, tau muaj sia nyob mus txog hnub no. Koj puas xav ntsib lawv? Tsis txhob nco tsab xov xwm no rau ntawm peb qhov chaw hais txog tsiaj lub nceeg vaj: faib, yam ntxwv thiab piv txwv
Nyob classification
Txoj kev faib cov tsiaj txhu yog qhov nyuaj heev thiab suav nrog ntau tus tsiaj me tsis pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab thiab tsis paub ntau. Vim muaj ntau yam sib txawv ntawm cov pab pawg no, peb tab tom tham txog cov phyla tshaj plaws thiab paub zoo los yog hom tsiaj Lawv yog cov hauv qab no:
- Porifera (Phylum Porifera).
- Cnidarians (Phylum Cnidaria).
- Platyhelminthes (Phylum Platyhelminthes).
- Mollusks (Phylum Mollusca).
- Annelids (Phylum Anellida).
- Nematodes (Phylum Nematoda).
- Arthropods (Phylum Arthropoda).
- Echinoderms (Phylum Echinodermata).
- Chordates (Phylum Chordata).
Tom qab no peb mam li tso ib daim ntawv teev cov kab mob uas tsis paub txog lub nceeg vaj.
Porifera (Phylum Porifera)
Phylum Porifera suav nrog ntau dua 9,000 hom tsiaj paub. Feem ntau yog marine, txawm hais tias muaj txog 50 hom dej tshiab. Lawv yog sponges, cov tsiaj tsis muaj sia uas nyob txuas nrog lub substrate thiab pub los ntawm lim dej nyob ib puag ncig lawv. Lawv cov larvae, txawm li cas los xij, yog mobile thiab pelagic, yog li lawv yog ib feem ntawm plankton.
Piv txwv porifera
Ntawm no yog ib co piv txwv nthuav ntawm porifera:
- iav sponge (Euplectella aspergillum): nws tsev ob peb crustaceans ntawm genus Spongicola uas nkag rau hauv nws.
- Hermit sponge (Suberites domuncula): loj hlob rau ntawm cov plhaub uas nyob ntawm hermit crabs thiab siv sij hawm kom zoo dua ntawm lawv txoj kev txav mus ntes cov as-ham.
Cnidarians (Phylum Cnidaria)
pab pawg cnidarian yog ib qho ntawm cov phyla nthuav tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub nceeg vaj tsiaj. Nws yog tsim los ntawm ntau tshaj 9.000 hom dej, feem ntau ntawm lawv yog marine. Lawv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias, thoob plaws hauv lawv txoj kev loj hlob, lawv tuaj yeem muaj ob hom kev ua neej: polyps thiab jellyfish
Polyps yog benthic thiab tseem txuas nrog lub substrate rau ntawm ntug hiav txwv. Lawv feem ntau tsim cov cheeb tsam hu ua corals Thaum txog lub sij hawm rov tsim dua, ntau hom ua pelagic creatures uas ntab hauv dej. Lawv hu ua jellyfish.
Yog koj xav paub ntau ntxiv txog lub neej voj voog ntawm cnidarians, peb pom zoo tsab xov xwm no ntawm Reproduction ntawm jellyfish.
Piv txwv ntawm cnidarians
- Portuguese Skull (Physalia physalis): This is not a jellyfish, but a floating colony of me jellyfish.
- Magnificent Anemone (Heteractis magnifica): Nov yog polyp nrog stinging tentacles uas qee cov ntses clownfish nyob ntawm.
Platyhelminthes (Phylum Platyhelminthes)
Flatworm phylum muaj ntau tshaj 20,000 hom hu ua flatworms Nws yog ib pab neeg ntshai tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub nceeg vaj tsiaj vim nws lawv cov kab mob tsis tu ncua. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus kab mob flatworms yog cov tsiaj uas muaj sia nyob dawb. Feem ntau yog hermaphrodites thiab lawv qhov loj me txawv ntawm ib millimeter thiab ob peb meters.
Piv txwv ntawm flatworms
Nov yog ib co piv txwv ntawm flatworms:
- Taenia (Taenia solium): loj flatworm uas parasitizes npua thiab tib neeg.
- Planaria (Pseudoceros spp.): flatworms that glide over the seabed. Lawv yog cov tua tsiaj thiab sawv tawm rau lawv txoj kev zoo nkauj heev.
Mollusks (Phylum Mollusca)
Phyllum Mollusca yog ib qho ntawm ntau hom tsiaj hauv lub nceeg vaj thiab suav nrog ntau dua 75,000 hom tsiaj. Cov no muaj xws li marine, dej tshiab thiab terrestrial hom. Lawv yog cov uas muaj lub cev mos mos thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau lawv tus kheej shells or skeletons
Cov hom molluscs uas paub zoo tshaj plaws yog gastropods (snails thiab slugs), cephalopods (octopuses, cuttlefish thiab nautiluses) thiab bivalves (mussels thiab clams).
Piv txwv molluscs
Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv xav paub txog molluscs:
- Hiav txwv slugs (Discodoris spp.): marine gastropods of great beauty.
- Nautilus (Nautilus spp.): Cov no yog cov plhaub cephalopods uas suav tias yog cov pob txha muaj sia.
- Giant clams (Tridacna spp.): lawv yog cov bivalves loj tshaj plaws uas muaj nyob thiab tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov loj ntawm ob meters
Annelids (Phylum Annelida)
Pab pawg ntawm annelids suav nrog qee 13,000 hom tsiaj paub thiab, zoo li pab pawg dhau los, suav nrog cov tsiaj los ntawm hiav txwv, dej tshiab thiab av. Lawv yog segmented animal thiab ntau haiv neeg. Muaj peb chav kawm lossis hom annelids: polychaetes (marine worms), oligochaetes (earthworms) thiab hirudinomorphs (leeches thiab lwm yam kab mob.)
Examples of annelids
Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv xav paub ntawm annelids:
- Feather worms (Sabellidae family): Feem ntau yuam kev rau corals, lawv yog ib qho zoo nkauj tshaj plaws annelids ncig.
- Giant Amazon Leech (Haementeria ghilianii): It is one of the biggest leeches in the world.
Nkauj tawm tshiab2 tawm hauv youtube.
Nematodes (Phylum Nematoda)
Cov phylum ntawm nematodes yog, txawm tias tshwm sim, yog ib qho ntawm ntau hom kev faib tawm ntawm cov tsiaj. suav nrog ntau dua 25,000 hom kab mob wormworms Cov worms no tau colonized tag nrho cov xov xwm thiab pom nyob rau txhua theem ntawm cov khoom noj. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lawv tuaj yeem ua phytophagous, predatory lossis parasitic, tom kawg yog paub zoo tshaj plaws.
Piv txwv ntawm nematodes
Ntawm no yog ib co piv txwv ntawm nematodes:
- Soybean nematode (Heterodera glycines): parasitizes soybean roots, ua teeb meem loj rau cov qoob loo.
- Heartworms (Dirofilaria immitis): cov no yog cov cab uas ua rau lub plawv thiab lub ntsws ntawm canids (dab, hma, thiab lwm yam).
Arthropods (Phylum Arthropoda)
Phylum Arthropoda yog pab pawg neeg coob coob nyob rau hauv lub nceeg vaj tsiaj. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov tsiaj no suav nrog arachnids, crustaceans, myriapods thiab hexapods, uas yog txhua hom kab.
Tag nrho cov tsiaj no muaj articulated appendages (ceg, antennae, cerci, thiab lwm yam.) thiab exoskeleton hu ua cuticle. Thaum lawv lub neej voj voog, lawv tso lawv cov cuticle ob peb zaug thiab ntau cov larvae tam sim no thiab / lossis nymphs. Thaum lawv txawv ntawm cov neeg laus, lawv dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem metamorphosis.
Piv txwv arthropods
Thov ua kom pom ntau haiv neeg ntawm hom tsiaj no, peb tso koj qee yam piv txwv ntawm arthropods:
- Hiav txwv kab laug sab (Pycnogonum spp.): lawv yog hom ntawm tsev neeg Pycnogonidae, tib lub hiav txwv kab laug sab uas muaj.
- Barnacle (Pollicipes pollicipes): Tsawg tus neeg paub tias barnacles yog crustaceans, zoo li crabs.
- European scolopendra (Scolopendra cingulata): nws yog tus scolopendra loj tshaj plaws nyob hauv Europe. Nws sting muaj zog heev, tab sis tsis tshua muaj neeg tuag.
- Antlion (Myrmeleon formicarius): Cov no yog cov kab mob neuropterous uas nws cov larvae nyob faus hauv av hauv qab lub khob zoo li lub qhov. Nyob ntawd, lawv tos lawv cov tsiaj poob rau ntawm lawv lub qhov ncauj.
Echinoderms (Phylum Echinodermata)
Cov phylum ntawm echinoderms suav nrog ntau dua 7,000 hom yam ntxwv uas muaj pentaradial symmetry Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lawv lub cev muab faib ua tsib qhov sib npaug.. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim xav txog thaum peb paub tias hom tsiaj twg yog: cov hnub qub ci ntsa iab, lilies, dib, hnub qub thiab hiav txwv urchins.
Lwm yam yam ntxwv ntawm echinoderms yog lawv cov pob txha calcareous thiab lawv cov kab ke sab hauv los ntawm cov dej hiav txwv ntws. Lawv cov larvae, uas muaj ob sab symmetry thiab poob nws raws li lawv lub neej voj voog, kuj yog heev tshwj xeeb. Koj tuaj yeem kawm paub ntxiv txog lawv hauv kab lus no hais txog Starfish Life Cycle.
Examples of echinoderms
Cov no yog ib co tswv cuab ntawm lub nceeg vaj tsiaj uas nyob rau pawg echinoderms:
- Indo-Pacific hiav txwv lily (Lamprometra palmata): zoo li tag nrho cov hiav txwv lilies, lawv nyob txuas nrog ib tug substrate thiab nthuav lub qhov ncauj nyob rau hauv. txoj hauj lwm zoo tshaj, nyob ib sab ntawm lub qhov quav.
- Swimming dib (Pelagothuria natatrix): This is one of the best swimmers of the sea cucumber group. Nws cov tsos zoo ib yam li jellyfish.
- Crown of Thorns (Acanthaster planci): This voracious starfish feeds on cnidarian (coral) polyps.
Chordates (Phylum Chordata)
Pab pawg chordates suav nrog cov kab mob uas paub zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub nceeg vaj tsiaj, vim nws yog cov phylum uas tib neeg thiab lawv cov zoo sib xws. Lawv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev muaj tus skeleton sab hauvuas khiav tag nrho ntev ntawm tus tsiaj. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog ib tug saj zawg zog notochord, nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau primitive chordates; los yog pob txha, hauv vertebrates.
Ntxiv rau, tag nrho cov tsiaj no muaj dorsal nerve cord (spinal cord), pharyngeal slits, and a posterior tail, at tsawg kawg nyob rau qee lub sijhawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm fetal.
Classification of chordate animal
Cov chordates tau muab faib ua cov subphyla hauv qab no lossis hom tsiaj:
- Urochordates: lawv yog cov tsiaj hauv dej. Feem ntau nyob ruaj rau lub substrate thiab muaj dawb-nyob larvae. Lawv txhua tus muaj daim npog tiv thaiv hu ua robe.
- Cephalochordates: lawv yog cov tsiaj me me, elongated tsiaj nrog pob tshab lub cev uas nyob ib nrab faus rau ntawm ntug hiav txwv.
- Vertebrates: suav nrog cov kab mob uas paub zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev faib cov tsiaj: ntses thiab tetrapods (amphibians, tsiaj reptiles, noog thiab tsiaj txhu).
Lwm hom tsiaj
Ntxiv nrog rau lub npe hu ua phyla, nyob rau hauv kev faib tawm ntawm lub nceeg vaj tsiaj muaj ntau ntau lwm yam tsawg heev thiab paub zoo. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob hnov qab lawv, peb tau coj lawv los ua ke hauv ntu no, qhia txog cov neeg nplua nuj thiab nthuav dav tshaj plaws.
Tub yog hom tsiaj uas peb tsis tau muaj npe:
- Loricifera (Phylum Loricifera).
- Quinorhynchus (Phylum Kinorhyncha).
- Priapulids (Phylum Priapulida).
- Nematomorphs (Phylum Nematomorpha).
- Gastrotricos (Phylum Gastrotricha).
- Tardigrades (Phylum Tardigrada)..
- Onychophora (Phylum Onychophora).
- Chaetognathus (Phylum Chaetognatha).
- Acanthocephalans (Phylum Acanthocephala).
- Rotifers (Phylum Rotifera)..
- Micrognatozoa (Phylum Micrognathozoa)
- Gnatostomulids (Phylum Gnatostomulida).
- Equiuros (Phylum Echiura).
- Sipunculi (Phylum Sipuncula).
- Cyclophores (Phylum Cycliophora).
- Entoprocta (Phylum Entoprocta).
- Nemertines (Phylum Nemertea).
- Bryozoa (Phylum Bryozoa)..
- Phoronids (Phylum Phoronida).
- Brachiopods (Phylum Brachiopoda)..
