Yog tias muaj ib pab pawg uas muaj ntau hom tsiaj tsis paub, nws yog arthropods, vim lawv yog cov tsiaj sib txawv tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Kev kwv yees suav nrog txhua qhov chaw los ntawm 2 mus rau ntau dua 10 lab hom, uas tsis ntseeg tau qhia lawv qhov sib txawv. Cov no tau kov yeej tag nrho cov xov xwm uas twb muaj lawm, yog li lawv yog, los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov pom, ua tau zoo heev.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, pawg no tseem ceeb heev rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm ecological kev sib raug zoo ntawm tag nrho cov ecosystems nyob rau theem planetary, yog li nws muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv lawv. Muab nws qhov tseem ceeb, hauv tsab xov xwm no hauv peb qhov chaw peb nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog arthropod tsiaj, lawv yog dab tsi, yam ntxwv, kev faib tawm thiab cov piv txwv
arthropods yog dab tsi?
Lo lus arthropod los ntawm Greek árthron, txhais tau tias "sib koom", thiab podo, txhais tau tias "ko taw". Arthropods sib haum mus rau ntau pawg ntawm invertebrates. Lawv yog segmented tsiaj uas muaj ib tug articulated exoskeleton ua los ntawm ib yam khoom hu ua chitin. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj ntau tus lej suav nrog rau ntawm lub cev ntu.
Vim muaj cov chitin, ntau cov arthropods muaj ib tug rigidity, yog li ntawd lawv loj hlob tsis tau zoo li lwm yam tsiaj. Yog li ntawd, lawv feem ntau mus dhau ntau lub molts raws li cov pob txha sab nrauv outgrows lub cev loj hlob. Lawv muab pov tseg thiab tsim ib qho tshiab.
Arthropods yog pawg ntau haiv neeg ntawm ntau hom tsiaj nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb, nrog rau qhov ntau thiab tsawg los ntawm ob peb millimeters mus rau ntau tshaj ib 'meter' hauv marine hom. Lawv cov ntaub ntawv thiab lawv cov kev hloov pauv yog qhov sib txawv heev nyob ntawm pab pawg, tab sis lawv qhia qee yam nta.
Kev lig kev cai, arthropods tau muab faib ua plaub subphyla, uas yog:
- Trilobites: tsuas yog dej hiav txwv xwb, lawv yog cov tsiaj uas ploj lawm. Lawv tau ua los ntawm peb lobes, uas yog lub taub hau, thorax thiab lub plab, thiab lawv cov appendages yog biramous (ob ceg).
- Chelicerates: Thawj cov tsiaj txhu tau hloov kho rau hauv chelicerae (qhov ncauj). Lawv muaj ib khub ntawm pedipalps (ob khub ntawm appendages) thiab plaub khub ob txhais ceg. Lawv tsis muaj lub kav hlau txais xov thiab lub puab tsaig thiab feem ntau muaj cephalothorax thiab lub plab tsis muaj segmented.
- Uniramid: lawv yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm ib leeg-axis appendages, ib khub ntawm antennae thiab mandibles, ntxiv rau ntau lub cev ntu..
- Crustaceans: Cov no feem ntau yog cov dej, feem ntau muaj lub plhaub dorsal, thiab cov myrrhamous appendages tau hloov kho los ua haujlwm ntau yam. Lawv muaj ob khub ntawm kav hlau txais xov thiab ib nkawm mandibles.
Chaw Ntxim Saib Ntxim Ua ntawm arthropods
Cia peb kawm txog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm arthropods:
- Lawv muaj ob sab symmetry.
- Lub cev tau muab faib ua tagmata, uas tuaj yeem tsim lub taub hau thiab lub cev, lub taub hau, thorax thiab plab, lossis cephalothorax thiab plab.
- Feem ntau, appendages tau tshwj xeeb los ua kom tiav cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb.
- Cov exoskeleton yog cov qauv cuticular ua los ntawm cov proteins, lipids thiab chitin, uas yog cov organic-hom polymer.
- Lawv muaj lub cev nqaij daim tawv, txuam nrog cov exoskeleton.
- Raws li digestive system, ua tiav. Thawj cov ntawv ntxiv tau raug hloov kho rau hauv qhov ncauj thiab, nyob ntawm pab pawg, pub rau hauv ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb.
- Cov hlab ntshav qhib, muaj cov kua dej hu ua hemolymph, uas zoo sib xws rau cov ntshav.
- Txoj kev koj ua pa txawv. Qee lub sij hawm nws ua tiav los ntawm lub cev, thaum lwm tus yog los ntawm gills, tracheas lossis phau ntawv ntsws.
- Lawv muaj cov qog ua kua qaub.
- Qee hom tshuaj lom.
- Cov paj hlwb suav nrog cov qauv tsim kev xav zoo heev.
- Lawv feem ntau muaj sib deev sib deev thiab fertilization sab hauv. Qee zaum lawv yog oviparous thiab, hauv lwm tus, ovoviviparous. Tseem muaj hom uas muaj parthenogenesis.
- Nws yog ib qho mob heev los tsim metamorphosis.
Types of arthropods
Raws li peb tau hais lawm, arthropods yog cov tsiaj sib txawv tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Lawv tau kov yeej cov dej, av av, thiab huab cua ib puag ncig, nrog rau qhov tob ntawm lub ntiaj teb, qhov tsua, sab hauv ntawm cov ntoo, thiab qhov chaw tsis muaj qhov kawg. Cia peb kawm txog hom arthropods.
- Arachnids: lawv muaj plaub khub ob txhais ceg, lub plab yuav los yog tsis tau segmented, lawv mas oviparous thiab tsis muaj ib tug tiag tiag metamorphosis..
- Pycnogonids: feem ntau me me, txog 3-4 hli, txawm tias qee qhov ncav cuag li 5 cm. Lawv muaj plaub mus rau rau ob txhais ceg ntev, nrog ntev proboscises thiab yooj yim ob lub qhov muag.
- Merostomates: lawv yog cov dej chelicerates nrog cephalothorax thiab plab, ob lub qhov muag thiab appendages nrog gills.
- Branchiopods: Cov no yog cov crustaceans uas tej zaum yuav los sis tsis muaj lub plhaub, ob lub qhov muag thiab cov kav hlau txais xov me me.
- Remipedes: cov no yog cov dig muag crustaceans, tsis muaj lub plhaub, nrog cov antennae thiab antennae ntawm ib axis, nrog rau tag nrho cov appendages zoo sib xws.
- Cephalocarids: shellless benthic crustaceans. Uniramous antennae thiab biramous antennae.
- Maxillopods: Cov no yog cov crustaceans uas tej zaum yuav los sis tsis muaj lub plhaub thiab tsis muaj cov kab mob ntawm lub plab.
- Ostracods: microscopic crustaceans tiv thaiv los ntawm plhaub. Lawv tsis muaj ntau tshaj li ob lub thoracic appendages.
- Malacostracea: txhua ntu muaj cov appendages thiab feem ntau muaj biramous anttennules. Qee tus muaj lub plhaub, uas npog lub taub hau thiab ib feem ntawm lub thorax lossis tag nrho nws.
- Diplopoda: lawv muaj cov kav hlau txais xov luv thiab ob txhais ceg nrog lub qhov muag yooj yim. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov metamers yog qhov sib txawv.
- Chilopods: lub cev yog flattened dorsoventrally thiab cov metameres sib txawv, tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua tus lawv muaj ob txhais ceg thiab ntev antennae.
- Pauropods: Me me, eyeless, cylindrical animal with 9-10 khub ob txhais ceg.
- Symphylos: threadlike body, long antennae and no eyes. Lub cev muaj li ntawm 15 txog 22 ntu thiab 10 mus rau 12 khub ob txhais ceg.
- Kab: lub cev muab faib ua lub taub hau, thorax thiab lub plab mog. Kev pom ntawm ib khub ntawm cov kav hlau txais xov thiab lub qhov ncauj tau yoog, nyob ntawm cov pab pawg, mus rau ntau txoj kev pub mis. Lawv muaj ib lossis ob khub ntawm tis thiab peb khub ntawm ob txhais ceg. Lawv metamorphose maj mam los yog sai sai.
Piv txwv arthropod tsiaj
- Scorpions.
- Spiders.
- Ticks.
- Hiav txwv kab laug sab.
- Nkauj hmoob toj siab.
- Copepods.
- Lobsters.
- Cigalas.
- Millipede.
- Butterflies.
- Dragonflies.
- Txiv Neeb.
- kab kab.
- flies.
- Mosquitoes.
- Nkauj hmoob.
