Amphibians sib haum mus rau ib pawg ntawm cov tsiaj vertebrate nrog cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb, txij li los ntawm cov qauv kev pom lawv nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov ntses thiab cov tsiaj reptiles. Cov yam ntxwv no tso cai rau lawv, feem ntau, uas ob lub hauv dej thiab lub neej hauv av.
Tam sim no muaj peb hom amphibians, feem ntau hu ua Qav thiab toads, salamanders, thiab ib pab pawg thib peb hu ua caecilians. Ib qho ntawm cov amphibians no yog qhov muaj cov tshuaj lom uas, txawm hais tias lawv tsis muaj peev xwm inoculating ncaj qha zoo li lwm yam tsiaj, tsis tso lawv los ntawm kev txaus ntshai. Peb caw nej los nyeem cov lus no hauv peb lub vev xaib kom paub txog most lom amphibians in the world
Golden Poison Qav (Phyllobates terribilis)
Tseem hu ua arrow frog los yog golden dart qav, nws yog ib hom tshuaj lom neeg amphibian heev. Cov hom no yog kab mob rau Colombia, qhov chaw nws loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws sov hav zoov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub litter ntawm thawj thiab theem nrab hav zoov formations. Nws raug cais raws li endangered, los ntawm International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Cov neeg laus muaj cov xim zoo nkauj uas tuaj yeem yog ntsuab, daj, txiv kab ntxwv lossis dawb, txawm tias feem ntau yog daj. Nws raug suav hais tias yog toxic Qav tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, txawm tias nws qhov loj me nyob nruab nrab ntawm 47 thiab 55 mm ntev.
Nws daim tawv nqaij yog tag nrho ntawm cov tshuaj hu ua batrachotoxins, muaj peev xwm ntawm ua rau cov leeg leeg leeg Ib Qav muaj nruab nrab ntawm 1,000 thiab 1,900 micrograms ntawm cov tshuaj lomthiab nws kwv yees tias los ntawm 2 µg tuaj yeem tua ib tus neeg. Cov kws tshawb fawb qhia tias cov tshuaj lom uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov kab mob golden yog vim kev noj cov kab ntawm tsev neeg Melyridae, genus Choresine, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov tsiaj uas nws noj.
Yellow-Banded Poison Dart Qav (Dendrobates leucomelas)
No lom dart qav yog haiv neeg Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, thiab Venezuela. Nws qhov chaw nyob yog nyob ntawm nplooj litter, ntawm pob zeb, hauv qab pob tw lossis cov ceg ntoo poob, nyob ze cov dej ntws hauv hav zoov hav zoov. Nws raug suav hais tias kev txhawj xeeb tsawg kawg los ntawm IUCN.
Nws yog ib tug qav loj tshaj plaws ntawm nws hom, ntsuas 3 txog 5 cm, qhov hnyav nruab nrab ntawm 3 g, yog poj niam loj dua txiv neej Nws muaj cov xim zoo nkauj ntawm cov kab txaij daj thiab xim dub ntawm lub cev, ib yam uas paub tias as aposematism , uas yog siv cov xim tawm. los ntawm qee cov tsiaj los tsim kev ceeb toom rau lawv cov tsiaj txhu.
Cov co toxins nyob rau hauv hom no kuj muaj nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij thiab, txawm hais tias nws yuav tsis muaj peev xwm mus tua ib tug neeg, nws yuav ua rau tuag yog hais tias nws yog manipulated. Zoo li lwm hom, cov tshuaj lom yog cov khoom noj.
Tshawb nrhiav ntxiv txog tsiaj Aposematism: txhais thiab piv txwv hauv kab lus no uas peb qhia.
Rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa)
Cov amphibian no yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim Caudata, thiab yog nyob rau North America, tshwj xeeb yog Canada thiab Tebchaws Meskas, suav nrog Alaska. Nws loj hlob hauv hav zoov, nyom thiab thaj chaw qhib, nyob rau hauv av hauv qab ntoo lossis pob zeb, tab sis nws tuaj yeem nyob hauv dej. It is rated
Nws qhov ntev tuaj yeem nyob nruab nrab ntawm 12 txog 20 centimeters. Nws muaj ib daim tawv nqaij uas yog ntxhib thiab nrog granules, tsaus xim nyob rau tom qab, tab sis xws li txiv kab ntxwv mus rau yellowish nyob rau hauv lub ventral cheeb tsam. Cov tshuaj lom ntawm cov tshuaj tshiab no feem ntau tsis cuam tshuam rau tus neeg yog tias nws tsuas yog kov nws, tshwj tsis yog cov neeg rhiab heev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj zog txaus tua neeg yog tias noj
South American Bullfrog (Leptodactylus pentadactylus)
Cov amphibian no nyob hauv Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, thiab Peru. Npog cov av nrog cov khib nyiab los ntawm , xws li cov thawj, theem nrab, thiab cov hav zoov uas muaj dej nyab raws caij nyoog, nrog rau thaj chaw qhib. Nws suav hais tias yog nyob rau hauv qeb
Nws yog ib tug qav loj, ntsuas ntawm 17.7 mus rau 18.5 cm, lub poj niam loj dua cov txiv neej Yog li ntawd, lawv qhia kev sib deev dimorphism. Cov neeg laus muaj cov xim grey los yog xim av xim av, nrog rau qhov pom ntawm qhov tsaus nti.
NOJ NTXHAIS LOS NTAWM DAIM DUAB NO YUAV UA LI CAS THAUM HEEV, Cov tshuaj no yog
irritant rau tib neeg daim tawv nqaij, ob lub qhov muag thiab mucous daim nyias nyias , ob qho tib si los ntawm kev sib cuag ncaj qha thiab tsis ncaj. Txawm li cas los xij, ib yam khoom hu ua leptoxin kuj tau raug cais tawm, uas yog cov protein muaj kuab lom uas ua rau tuag taus yog txhaj.
Yog koj xav paub ntxiv txog kev sib deev Dimorphism: txhais, xav paub thiab piv txwv
Black-legged Poison Qav (Phyllobates bicolor)
Kuj hu ua Bicolor Poison Qav, it is endemic to Colombia, where it inhabits the leaf litter near lowland kwj thiab pre- thaj chaw roob. Nws raug cais tawm endangered los ntawm IUCN.
Nws cov xim zoo nkauj yog xim daj daj, nrog ob txhais ceg dub, txawm tias tus qauv no tuaj yeem sib txawv. Cov tshuaj toxicity ntawm amphibian no heev heev, vim nws muaj peev xwm tua ib tug neeg vim nws cuam tshuam rau lub paj hlwb thiab cov leeg nqaij.
Harlequin Poison Frog (Oophaga histrionica)
Cov tshuaj lom amphibian no tseem muaj nyob rau thaj tsam Colombian, loj hlob hauv cov av qis log thiab litter. Nws raug cais critically endangered los ntawm IUCN.
Nws yog qhov me me, nrog qhov ntev ntawm 2.5 txog 3.8 cm Nws tuaj yeem muaj xim sib txawv xws li ci txiv kab ntxwv lossis opaque, daj ntseg xiav, daj, liab, los yog dawb, nrog ib tug dub cobweb qauv nyob rau tag nrho lub cev. Tus tsiaj no ua rau cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj peev xwm ntawm ZUS DUA DEJ NIAM LOS YOG NWS UA NTEJ YUAV UA TAU RAU HAUV DRE NTSHAV.
NOJ NTXHUAtsis txhob ua siab deb mus saib ntawm cov kab lus no ntawm peb lub xaib hais txog lub ntiaj teb amphibians, npe,
Tinted Poison Qav (Dendrobates tinctorius)
Considered as least concern, this type of poisonous amphibian is native to countries such as Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana and Suriname, where inhabits tropical forest floors.
Feem ntau nws ntsuas ntawm 4 mus rau 5 cm, txawm hais tias muaj cov poj niam uas ncav cuag 6 cm. Nws yog ci xiav nrog daj kab txaij, ntxiv rau, ntawm qhov kawg, nws tuaj yeem yog xim dub lossis xiav nrog daj lossis xim dub. Qee tus neeg kuj yuav muaj ua ke ntawm dawb, dub, thiab xiav Lawv cov co toxins tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tib neeg.
Cane Toad (Rhinella marina)
Cov hom no yog nyob rau teb chaws Amelikas, txawm hais tias tam sim no nws tau qhia nyob rau lwm thaj chaw. Nws yog cov cwj pwm hauv av, tab sis nws loj hlob nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nrog cov nroj tsuag npog thiab cov av noo txaus, suav nrog hauv nroog. It is rated
Tam Sim No Olive Brown nrog lub xub ntiag ntawm Warts
NOJ NIAM YUAV TSUM UA SI. Qhov siab tshaj plaws yog hais txog 23 cm, txawm hais tias nws feem ntau ntsuas tsawg dua li tus nqi no. Cov amphibian no tsim cov tshuaj hu ua bufotoxin, uas yog cov tshuaj lom heev thiab tuaj yeem ua rau
Discover qhov sib txawv ntawm qav thiab toads nyob rau hauv no ncej uas peb pom zoo.
Fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra)
Cov amphibian no yog nyob rau teb chaws Europe, qhov chaw nws vam meej nyob rau hauv ntau hom chaw nyob xws li hav zoov, nyom nyom, rocky slopes, bushy thaj chaw. nrog cov av noo thiab cov dej ntws. Nws kev faib tawm raws li IUCN sib raug rau
Nws yog ib tug loj salamander, uas ntsuas los ntawm 15 mus rau 25 cm, tab sis nws thiaj li ncav cuag los yog tshaj 30 cm. Lub cev yog xim dub, nrog cov qauv daj lossis txiv kab ntxwv. Nws cov xim yog ceeb toom rau cov tsiaj nyeg Nws muaj cov kab mob lom hauv nws lub cev, qee yam tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau tib neeg.
Chinese Fire-Bellied Newt (Cynops orientalis)
This amphibian belongs rau tsev neeg Salamandridae yog native rau Suav teb, tsim nyob rau hauv sib txawv av noo thiab temperate chaw nyob, nrog rau cov hav zoov pas dej, roob toj siab. thiab teb. Nws muaj npe raws li
Nws yog ib tug me me tshiab uas tsis pub tshaj 10 cm, feem ntau yog ci txiv kab ntxwv, uas ceeb toom rau nws toxicity. Txawm hais tias feem ntau tsis ua rau tuag, yog tias noj qee yam ntawm nws cov co toxins, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob tseem ceeb rau tib neeg.
Lwm yam lom amphibians hauv ntiaj teb
Ntxiv rau cov uas tau hais, muaj lwm yam amphibians uas muaj tshuaj lom rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu. Xws li yog rooj plaub rau lwm hom, cov tswv cuab ntawm genus Phyllobates thiab Dendrobates. Txawm li cas los xij, txog tam sim no peb tsuas yog hais txog amphibians los ntawm pab pawg Qav, toads, salamanders thiab newts tab sis dab tsi txog caecilians?
Toxic substanceshave also been identified in caecilians, both in the body and in the oral region. Qhov tseeb, nyob rau hauv lub ringed caecilian (Siphonops annulatus), muaj protein ntau tau pom tias muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam tsiaj lom, xws li rattlesnake. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb txog biochemical tsis muajkom paub meej txog nws cov teebmeem.