Ib yam ntawm cov noog yog, tsis muaj ib qho tsis ntseeg, cov duab ntawm lawv ob txhais ceg. Thiab nws yog qhov ntawd, ntawm txhua qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev uas cov noog muaj, kev teeb tsa ntawm lawv cov ntiv tes thiab cov duab ntawm lawv ob txhais ceg yuav nyob ntawm seb hom lub neej lawv cojUa tsaug rau Tag nrho cov kev tshwj xeeb no, cov noog tau ua tiav zoo nyob rau theem evolutionary thiab tau tso cai rau lawv nyob rau ntau qhov chaw nyob, feem ntau mus rau qhov chaw uas lwm yam tsiaj tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag. Ib yam li ntawd, qhov sib txawv trophic guilds (uas yog, hom tsiaj uas nyob hauv tib qib trophic thiab sib faib cov peev txheej tib yam) siv cov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev kom nkag mus rau cov zaub mov, nrog rau kev txav mus los, thiab ntawm qhov no, kev npaj ntawm cov ntiv tes thiab ob txhais ceg yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom noj..
Yog koj xav paub ntau ntxiv txog hom noog ceg thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv thiab cov qauv, txuas ntxiv nyeem tsab xov xwm no ntawm peb lub xaib thiab peb mam qhia koj txhua yam.
Cov yam ntxwv thiab cov qauv ntawm cov ceg ntawm cov noog
Raws li peb tau hais, lub cev ntawm cov noog muaj ntau yam kev hloov pauv uas tso cai rau lawv muaj ntau qhov dav hauv lawv txoj kev ua neej. Hauv qhov no, ob txhais ceg ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev.
Cov caj npab tom qab yog tsim los ntawm femur, uas yog luv luv nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov noog. Ib feem ntawm cov ceg uas pom, uas yog, ib qho uas tsis muaj plaub, yog tsim los ntawm fused metatarsal pob txha (homologous nrog tib neeg ko taw), tsim tibiotarsus, uas yog qhov ntev tshaj plaws ntawm ceg. Lwm cov pob txha ua raws thiab kuj tau fused los ua tarsometatarsus, qhov twg cov ntiv taw koom. Noog muaj qhov peculiarity ntawm taug kev ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm lawv ob txhais taw vim yog lub configuration ntawm lawv cov ntiv tes, thiaj li hais tias lawv yog digitigrade.
Feem ntau ntawm lawv muaj plaub ntiv tes, tab sis hauv qee qhov nws tuaj yeem yog peb, thawj tus ntiv tes yog Hallux. Cov noog (Struthio camelus) yog tib cov noog uas muaj ob tus ntiv tes nkaus xwb, cov uas muaj tsuas yog peb feem ntau yog qee cov ratites xws li rhea, emu, kiwis thiab qee cov shorebirds xws li plovers (txiav Charadriiformes), ntawm lwm tus.
Raws li tshwm sim nrog ob txhais ceg, cov duab ntawm cov beaks ntawm noog txawv nyob ntawm seb tus cwj pwm thiab kev pub mis ntawm txhua hom. Yog koj xav paub ntau ntxiv, koj tuaj yeem sab laj lwm tsab xov xwm ntawm peb qhov chaw hais txog Hom noog beaks.
Nkauj noog ceg
Nov ob txhais ceg tuaj yeem ua tau cais ua 5 hom, kuj nyob ntawm hom noog, raws li peb yuav pom tom qab. Nyob ntawm tus naj npawb thiab kev npaj ntawm cov ntiv tes, lawv raug suav los ntawm sab nraud thiab Hallux raug coj los ua thawj tus ntiv tes. Hauv txhua hom, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kev txiav txim sib txawv thiab cov tsev neeg ntawm cov noog, txhua tus muaj cov ntiv taw tshwj xeeb lossis lwm yam tshwj xeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov rau tes los yog cov claws uas cov ntiv taw ntawm ob txhais ceg kawg feem ntau xav txog tus cwj pwm ntawm tus noog Tom ntej no, peb yuav piav qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntiv taw. thiab hom ko taw pom hauv cov noog.
Anisodactyl ob txhais ceg
Nws yog qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm tus noog ko taw, nrog plaub ntiv taw nyob rau hauv tag nrho qhov twg lub hallux (thawj ntiv taw) ntsej muag rov qab thiab lub lwm peb taw tes rau pem hauv ntej. Qhov kev npaj no muaj nyob rau hauv passerines (noog xws li blackbirds, tits, sparrows, thiab lwm yam), nyob rau hauv pigeons (Columbiformes), hawks (Falconiformes) ntawm ntau lwm cov noog. Lawv muaj lub zog muaj zog uas tso cai rau lawv perch on ceg xis.
Yog xav paub ntxiv, koj tseem tuaj yeem sab laj lwm tsab xov xwm no txog Cov noog uas hu nkauj hmo ntuj.
Zygodactyl ob txhais ceg
Hauv qhov no, lawv muaj ob ntiv tes rau pem hauv ntej thiab ob sab rov qab Feem ntau, tus ntiv tes thib plaub ua ke nrog hallux yog cov taw tes. rov qab. Cov ko taw no muaj nyob hauv cuckoos (Cuculiformes), woodpeckers (Piciformes), thiab parrots (Psittaciformes), thiab lwm yam. Nws kuj tseem muaj nyob hauv owls (Strigiformes), txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv pawg. Hom uas yog cov nce toj, xws li woodpeckers, feem ntau muaj curved claws uas pab lawv tuav nyob rau irregularities ntawm tsob ntoo bark tsis impairing lawv muaj peev xwm mus perch.
Heterodactyl ob txhais ceg
Qhov chaw no tsis tshua muaj. Lawv kuj muaj ob tug ntiv tes taw rov qab thiab ob taw rau pem hauv ntej, tab sis qhov no cov ntiv tes rov qab yog qhov thib ob thiab thawj. Qhov kev npaj no muaj nyob rau hauv trogons (Trogoniformes) thiab tseem tso cai rau lawv perch ntawm cov ceg ntoo, qhov twg lawv siv sij hawm ntau perching.
Syndactyle ceg
Cov noog uas nrog qhov teeb tsa no muaj cov ntiv tes nruab nrab txuas, uas yog, ntiv tes thib peb thiab plaub. Qhov kev npaj no zoo ib yam li anisodactyly, tshwj tsis yog rau kev sib xyaw ntawm cov ntiv tes, nws yog ib qho ntawm cov kingfishers, beeaters, rollers thiab lwm yam (Coraciiformes). Fusion ntawm peb cov ntiv taw pem hauv ntej, los ntawm qhov thib ob mus rau plaub, kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim, xws li hauv cov kingfisher loj (Ceryle alcyon). Cov ceg no tso cai rau lawv kom perch rau ntawm qhov chaw tiaj tus thiab cov cylindrical
Pamprodactyla ceg
Hauv qhov no, plaub ntiv taw taw forward, as in swifts (Apodiformes), nrog rau thawj tus ntiv taw (lub hallux). Qhov kev npaj no tsuas muaj nyob rau hauv cov noog no xwb thiab yog siv los dai ntawm ceg los yog cov qauv, vim lawv tsis tuaj yeem perch lossis taug kev vim lawv txhais ceg luv heev.
Koj kuj yuav txaus siab rau qhov no lwm tsab xov xwm ntawm Hom swallows - yam ntxwv thiab pub.
Tom ceg ntawm cov noog: lwm yam kev faib tawm
Lwm cov kev faib tawm kuj suav nrog the degree ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm interdigital webs uas ko taw ntawm cov noog yuav muaj.
Anisodactyl ob txhais ceg nplawm
xov xwm dej, xws li ducks, geese, seagulls, thiab lwm yam, lawv muaj peb ntiv taw pem hauv ntej nrog digital daim nyias nyias, uas yog, lawv muaj palmate anisodactyl ob txhais ceg nrog ntau qib ntawm kev loj hlob.
Patas totipalmadas
Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, xws li pelicans (Pelecaniformes), tag nrho cov ntiv tawntawm ko taw tau koom nrog cov ntaub so ntswg ua tiav. Cov no hu ua totipalmate feet.
Patas semipalmadas or brevipalmadas
Lwm cov noog, xws li shorebirds, muaj semipalmate lossis brevipalmate ko taw, qhov twg peb cov ntiv taw pem hauv ntej yog ib nrab koom ntawm lawv lub hauv paus los ntawm a daim nyias nyias. Cov ntaub so ntswg interdigital muab rau nws, zoo li lub oar, muaj zog ntau dua rau kev txav mus los thaum ua luam dej, thiab qhov kev loj hlob ntawm daim nyias nyias yuav nyob ntawm seb txhua hom nyob hauv dej li cas.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, qee cov noog ib nrab dej, xws li coots thiab coots (Gruiformes), muaj lobed lossis scalloped taw. Lawv muaj qhov wavy lossis scalloped membrane uas nyob ib puag ncig txhua tus ntiv tes thiab lawv tuav lawv tus kheej. Hom ceg no tso cai rau kev ua luam dej thiab sib npaug ntau dua thiab tuav lub ntsej muag thaum tsiv los ntawm qhov dej nyab.
Cov kab mob xws li grebes lossis macaes (Podicipediformes) muaj lobed lossis lobed taw qhov twg txhua tus ntiv taw muaj ib tus neeg membrane nrog ib tus ntug du.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, lwm yam nta kuj tuaj yeem ua tus taw ntawm cov noog. Piv txwv li, hom tsiaj uas muaj cov cwj pwm hauv av ntau dua muaj ntev rear claws uas lawv tsis txhob poob rau hauv av nkos, xuab zeb lossis lwm qhov chaw mos. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm jacanas (Charadriiformes), lawv yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv ob txhais ceg anisodactyl nrog cov ntiv tes ntev heev thiab cov ntsia hlau uas tso cai rau lawv txav thiab taug kev ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv dej hauv cov dej ntiav.
Species such as herons (order Ciconiiformes) muaj tus ntsia hlau rau ntawm tus ntiv tes thib peb as a “comb”, that is, the jagged cov npoo, uas yog hu ua pectinate claw, zoo li lwm yam tsiaj xws li barn owl (Tyto alba), kuj muaj hom claw, uas nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog siv los tu thiab tswj nws cov plaub.
