Noog muaj ntau tus yam ntxwv uas ua rau lawv tawm tsam hauv lub nceeg vaj tsiaj. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug horny beak uas ua rau sab nrauv ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm cov tsiaj no. Tsis zoo li lwm cov tsiaj vertebrate, noog tsis muaj hniav thiab lawv cov beak yog ib qho ntawm ntau qhov kev hloov pauv uas tso cai rau lawv ua kom muaj kev vam meej hauv ntau qhov chaw.
Thiab, muaj ntau ntau yam uas tus beak yuav coj tau thiab, contrary to li cas peb yuav xav, cov beak tsis tshwj xeeb rau noog, txij li thaum nws muaj nyob rau hauv lwm pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tsiaj (txhua tus nrog nws tus yam ntxwv), xws li vaub kib (Testudines), platypuses (Monotremata), octopuses, squids thiab cuttlefish (Octopoda). Txuas ntxiv nyeem tsab xov xwm no ntawm peb lub xaib thiab peb yuav qhia koj txog cov yam ntxwv thiab hom noog beaks.
Kab noog noog
Cov noog muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv lub cev thiab ib qho ntawm lawv yog cov qauv ntawm lawv cov beak nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws evolution raws li hom zaub mov lawv muaj, nrog rau lawv digestive system. Qhov luaj li cas, zoo li cas thiab muaj zog npaum li cas ntawm lub beak yuav cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau tus noog noj Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov ntev ntawm lub beak yuav txawv me ntsis, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov tus nqi noj mov.
Lub beak, tig, ua ke nrog qhov ntev ntawm ob txhais ceg thiab lwm yam ntawm lub cev, tso cai rau cov noog tshawb nrhiav txawv ib puag ncig thiab kev pab Ntxiv nrog rau nws cov duab tau txias los ntawm kev pub mis, lub beak kuj tseem siv los ntawm cov txiv neej ntawm qee hom rau nyiam poj niam, piv txwv li, cov toucans.
Raws li peb tau hais, lub beak tsim cov qauv sab nraud ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm cov noog thiab, zoo li lwm cov vertebrates, nws yog ua los ntawm ib tug qis thiab ib tug Upper maxilla los yog mandible, uas yog hu ua tus culmen thiab yog them los ntawm ib tug stratum corneum (them los ntawm keratin) hu ua ranphotheca. Cov qauv no yog qhov koj pom sab nraud thiab, ntxiv rau, nws muaj cov qauv sab hauv uas txhawb nqa nws los ntawm sab hauv.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov kab noog, tej zaum koj yuav xav kawm ntxiv me ntsis txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsiaj no hauv lwm tsab xov xwm ntawm Cov Tsiaj ntawm cov noog
Dab tsi yog hom noog beak?
Beaks muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov duab, yog li nyob rau hauv hom noog, peb pom, ntawm lwm tus:
- Long and nyias (qee cov waders or insectivorous noog)
- Thick and short (tam sim no nyob rau hauv granivorous noog).
Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov pawg no peb tuaj yeem nrhiav tau cov noog dav dav uas yog cov tswv yim ntau dua ntawm kev tau txais zaub mov thiab nws tus beak tsis muaj. ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb heev. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov noog tshwj xeeb muaj kev noj zaub mov tshwj xeeb nrog rau cov duab ntawm lawv cov beak, uas tuaj yeem muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb, xws li qee cov noog hummingbirds.
Nyob hauv lub specialist noog, peb nrhiav tau ntau yam duab. Tom ntej no, peb yuav sau npe rau pawg tseem ceeb.
Beaks of granivorous noog (los yog cov neeg siv cov noob)
Cov noog no muaj ib tug heev luv luv tab sis robust beak uas tso cai rau lawv qhib cov noob tawv tawv, yog li cov noog no tshwj xeeb heev. Qee yam ntawm cov tsiaj no, xws li lub tsev sparrow (Passer domesticus), piv txwv li, muaj ib tug luv luv, conical beak uas tso cai rau lawv mus grasp thiab tawg cov noob, lub hom phiaj uas nws ua tiav vim hais tias, ntxiv rau, cov npoo ntawm lub beak yog me ntsis ntse.
Lwm cov granivores muaj ib tug beak uas nws tshwj xeeb yog heev, raws li yog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) uas, raws li nws lub npe qhia, muaj nws mandible thiab maxilla intertwined Cov duab no yog vim yuav luag cov khoom noj uas nws muaj, txij li thaum nws pub rau ntawm cones (los yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo) ntawm conifers, uas nws rho tawm cov noob ua tsaug rau nws beak.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, piv txwv li, hauv tsev neeg Fringillidae muaj ntau hom granivorous, uas nws beaks yog robust thiab tuab, xws li. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) thiab Taysan drumstick (Telespiza cantans), uas nws beak yog heev robust thiab muaj zog, thiab lawv lub puab tsaig yog me ntsis hla.
Cov noog no pub rau lwm cov noog thiab lwm yam tsiaj los yog carrion, lawv muaj ntse beaks nrog rau lub puab tsaig, vim qhov no tso cai rau lawv. rhuav lub cev nqaij daim tawv ntawm lawv cov tsiaj nyeg thiab tsis khiav tawm thaum raug ntes, xws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm diurnal thiab nocturnal noog ntawm prey (eagles, falcons, owls, thiab lwm yam).
Nws kuj ua tau ntev thiab muaj zog beaks, zoo li nyob rau hauv ib co waterfowl uas muaj dav thiab loj beaks uas lawv ntses ntau ntau. ntawm cov ntses, xws li pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus) los yog shoebill (Balaeniceps rex), nrog ib tug loj beak uas xaus nyob rau hauv ib tug ntse nuv thiab uas nws yuav ntes tau lwm cov noog, xws li ducks.
Vultures kuj muaj beaks yoog rau tearing nqaij, tab sis lawv yog scavengers, ua tsaug rau lawv ntse thiab txiav ntug lawv qhib tau nws cov prey..
Lwm tus beak yoog kom noj tsiaj nyeg yog tus toucan. Txawm hais tias cov noog no cuam tshuam nrog kev noj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo (uas lawv kuj suav nrog hauv lawv cov zaub mov), lawv tuaj yeem ntes cov menyuam qaib ntawm lwm cov noog lossis cov vertebrates me ua tsaug rau lawv hwj chim thiab serrated beaks
Cov noog noj txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj luv luv beaks, tab sis muaj cov ntsiab lus ntse uas tso cai rau lawv qhib cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab qee zaum lawv kuj pub rau noob. Piv txwv li, ntau parrots, macaws thiab parakeets (txiav Psittaciformes) muaj cov beaks uas muaj zog heev uas xaus rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntse, uas lawv tuaj yeem qhib cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj thiab tseem rho tawm cov khoom noj ntawm cov noob.
Raws li peb tau hais, toucans (hais Piciformes), nrog rau lawv cov loj serrated beaks zoo li cov hniav, tuaj yeem noj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj thiab cov npog tuab.
Lwm hom me, xws li blackbirds (genus Turdus), warblers (Sylvia) lossis qee cov qaib qaib ntxhw (Crax fasciolata, piv txwv li) muaj loj beaks luv thiab menrog cov npoo uas tseem muaj "cov hniav" uas tso cai rau lawv noj txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Insectivorous Noog Beaks
Cov kab noog uas pub rau cov kab yog tus yam ntxwv nyias thiab elongated Muaj qee qhov kev hloov pauv hauv pawg no, piv txwv li., woodpeckers (hais Piciformes) muaj zoo thiab muaj zog beaks uas zoo li ib tug chisel uas lawv poke lub bark ntawm ntoo nrhiav cov kab uas nyob nws. Cov noog no kuj muaj pob txha taub hau tag nrho kom tau txais lub tshuab muaj zog.
Lwm hom tsiaj tua kab hauv davhlau thiab lawv cov beaks yog nyias nyias nyias, zoo li cov muv noj (Merops apiaster), los yog me me thiab me ntsis ncaj , xws li robin (Erithacus rubecula) lossis xiav tit (Cyanistes caeruleus). Lwm tus muaj cov nqi uas ntau dua flattened, luv thiab dav, xws li swifts (txiav Apodiformes) thiab nqos (Passeriformes), uas yog cov neeg yos hav zoov.
Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm no peb nrhiav tau lwm yam tsiaj uas noj kab - Piv txwv thiab xav paub.
Warder Beaks
Cov noog no feem ntau yog dej los yog nyob ze nws, vim lawv tau txais lawv cov zaub mov los ntawm cov dej nyab. Lawv muaj daim nqi ntev, nyias thiab hloov tau yooj yim uas tso cai rau lawv muab lub taub hau ntawm daim nqi mus rau hauv dej los yog xuab zeb thiab forage for zaub mov(me me molluscs, larvae, thiab lwm yam) tawm ntawm lub qhov muag sab nraum, tsis tas yuav tsum submerge tag nrho lub taub hau, raws li tau ua, piv txwv li, los ntawm sandpiper, snipe thiab phalaropes (Scolopacidae).
Lwm cov nqi kho kom haum rau txoj haujlwm no yog ntev thiab flattened, xws li cov spoonbills (Platalea ajaja), uas wade nyob rau hauv lub dej ntiav nrhiav zaub mov.
Nectarivorous Noog Beaks
hom kab no tsuas yog hloov kho rau sipping nectar los ntawm paj Cov beaks ntawm nectar-noj noog yog nyias thiab elongated, nyob rau hauv tube-puab Qee hom coj qhov kev hloov pauv no mus rau qhov kawg, raws li lawv muaj uas tso cai rau lawv nkag mus rau paj uas lwm hom tsis tuaj yeem. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov no yog rab ntaj-billed hummingbird (Ensifera ensifera), nws beak yog ntev heev thiab nkhaus upwards.
Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau hom hummingbirds nrog txawv beaks, yog li peb xav kom koj nyeem lwm tsab xov xwm no ntawm Hom hummingbirds.
Filter Noog Beaks
Ntawm no yog cov tsiaj uas nyob hauv thaj chaw uas muaj dej nyab thiab cov beaks tuaj yeem ua tau ntau yam duab. Lawv muaj qee qhov kev hloov pauv uas tso cai rau lawv lim zaub mov ntawm dej thiab, feem ntau, lawv muaj broad, downward-curving beaks Piv txwv li, flamingos (hais Phoenicopteriformes) muaj kev hloov pauv zoo rau txoj haujlwm no. Nws beak tsis yog asymmetrical, vim lub puab tsaig sab sauv me dua qhov qis dua, thiab nws yog ib qho uas muaj kev txav mus los. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog me ntsis nkhaus downwards thiab muaj lamellae qhov twg cov zaub mov nws lim tau khaws cia.
Lwm lim-feeding noog, xws li ducks (order Anseriformes), muaj wider, flatter bills uas kuj muaj lamellae lim cov. dej zaub mov. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov noog no tuaj yeem haus ntses, yog li lawv cov beaks tau nruab nrog "cov hniav" me me uas tso cai rau lawv tuav lawv thaum lawv ntes lawv.