Cov tsiaj tsis muaj cev nqaij daim tawv nyob txhua qhov chaw nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb, txij li Antarctica txias mus rau hav zoov hav zoov hav zoov. Lawv yog ib pab tsiaj loj loj uas tsis muaj cev nqaij daim tawv, muaj ntau yam tseem tsis tau paub txog tib neeg, thiab lwm tus txawm peb yuav xav tias lawv tsis yog tsiaj txhu vim lawv lub cev nqaij daim tawv.
Nyob hauv tsab xov xwm no ntawm peb lub xaib hu ua 9 tsiaj tsis muaj pob txha peb yuav kawm yam tsiaj tsis muaj pob txha hu ua thiab qhia npe nrog npe ntawm cov tsiaj tsis muaj pob txha kom peb paub tag nrho cov kev faib uas muaj nyob rau hauv biology.
Tsiaj Tsiaj Tsiaj - Yam ntxwv
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb uas txhais cov tsiaj tsis muaj pob txha los yog cov tsiaj tsis muaj pob txha yog cov tsis muaj pob txha thiab lwm cov pob txha Invertebrates tsis muaj pob txha sab hauv, tsis muaj pob txha los yog cartilaginous. Nyob ntawm hom tsiaj, nws yuav muaj qee yam kev txhawb nqa, xws li cov exoskeleton ntawm arthropods.
Lwm yam tseem ceeb ntawm pawg tsiaj no yog lawv feem ntau yog ib tug me me, tsuas yog qee qhov tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim uas peb yuav npe tom ntej.
Nws kwv yees tias 95% ntawm cov tsiaj uas nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog cov tsiaj invertebrate. Cov no tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: tsiaj muaj kev tiv thaiv sab nraud thiab tsiaj tsis tiv thaiv..
Cov tsiaj txhu uas muaj kev tiv thaiv sab nraud yog arthropods, molluscs thiab echinoderms, thiab cov tsiaj invertebrate yam tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv sab nraud yog worms, porifera, cnidarians thiab lwm yam.
Phylum Porifera
Topping the peb pom porifera, tseem hu ua sponges. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog marine (kwv yees li 6,000 hom), thiab qee qhov yog dej tshiab (txog 150 hom). Lawv loj hlob nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov seas thiab loj hlob nyob rau ntau yam substrates. Lawv qhov loj tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm ob peb millimeters mus rau ntau tshaj ob meters. Lawv feem ntau tsis sib xws thiab xim txawv ntawm hom.
Cov phylum porifera yog sessile benthic filter feeders, uas yog, lawv pub los ntawm khaws cov khoom noj uas nyob rau hauv kev ncua, lawv nyob rau. hauv qab marine thiab txav tsis tau.
Koj lub cev yog tsim los ntawm cov kab ke uas cov dej ntim khoom noj thiab cov pa oxygen nkag mus, thiab cov khib nyiab kuj raug tshem tawm.
Kev yug me nyuam ntawm cov tsiaj no tuaj yeem yog poj niam txiv neej lossis poj niam, tab sis lawv feem ntau yog hermaphrodites.
Vim lawv tsis muaj pob txha, nws yog collagen fibers uas tsim cov pob txha loj ntawm daim txhuam cev. Lawv kuj muaj qee qhov spicules uas tuaj yeem ua calcareous lossis siliceous thiab kuj yog ib feem ntawm lawv cov pob txha.
Phylum Placozoa
Tsuas yog ib hom neeg paub ntawm placozoan, Trichoplax adhaerens, pom nyob rau hauv dej hiav txwv ntawm Mediterranean, Atlantic thiab Pacific.
Cov tsiaj tsis muaj pob txha no muaj lub cev flattened, 2 mus rau 3 millimeters. Lawv yog marine benthic thiab txav los ntawm flagella. Lawv pub rau ntawm biofilm uas npog qhov chaw hauv qab. Nws yog cov tsiaj uas muaj sia nyob uas muaj tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlwb thiab tsawg kawg ntawm DNA.
Muaj kev sib deev los ntawm kev sib cais los yog budding. Qe yog tsim los ntawm ib qho ntawm peb hom cell, tab sis tsis pom cov phev los yog fertilization.
Phylum cnidarians
Pab pawg no ntawm cov tsiaj invertebrate suav nrog jellyfish. Muaj kwv yees li ntawm 10,000 hom cnidarians, txog 20 cov dej tshiab thiab cov marine so.
Nws lub cev yog npaj rau hauv ib lub hnab dig muag, nrog rau ib qho qhib digestive kab noj hniav (qhov ncauj). Jellyfish reproduces kev sib deev, tab sis lawv kuj muaj peev xwm yug me nyuam asexually.
Coelomorph ntug
Cov tsiaj tsis muaj pob txha hauv qab no muab faib ua ob pawg, acoels (380 hom) thiab nemertodermatids (9 hom). Cov phylum acelomorphs los yog cov kab me me uas tsis muaj cov hnyuv feem ntau yog cov dej hiav txwv thiab muaj qhov yooj yim sab hauv lub cev. Lawv yog hermaphrodites, txawm hais tias lawv tsis muaj cov kab mob sib deev li ntawd. Lawv kuj muaj peev xwm yug me nyuam asexually.
Phylum flatworms or flatworms
Muaj ntau tshaj 20,000 hom platyhelminthes, ntau ntawm lawv yog kab mob parasitic ntawm continental vertebrates, xws li peb cov dev thiab miv los yog txawm peb tus kheej, piv txwv li kab kab mob.
Lawv lub plab zom mov xaus rau hauv lub hnab dig muag, nrog lub qhov ncauj qhov ncauj thaum lawv nyob ywj pheej lossis mus tom ntej thaum lawv muaj kab mob. Lub excretory, paj hlwb, thiab kev ua me nyuam yog zoo tsim. Lawv yog hermaphrodites.
Phylum annelids
Lwm lub npe rau tsiaj tsis muaj pob txha yog annelids. Lawv yog cov kab mob uas muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev muab faib ua cov nplhaib lossis ntu. Hauv pab pawg no peb pom cov worms los yog leeches Muaj kwv yees li 15,000 hom annelids, ntau marine, qee qhov dej tshiab thiab lwm yam av.
. Nws daim tawv nqaij yog npog nrog cilia thiab ntau yam qog nrog chitin plaub hau hu ua
quetas , ua pa.
Mollusk phylum
Pab pawg no yog tsim los ntawm qee 100,000 hom tsiaj txhu. Feem ntau yog marine, tab sis muaj ntau yam kuj yog cov av, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog gastropods los yog snails Lawv nyob txhua hom kev ib puag ncig. Muaj ob chav kawm, bivalves thiab gastropods, uas muaj puab plhaub thiab ua haujlwm tiv thaiv. Thiab ib chav kawm, cephalopods, uas yog octopuses thiab squids, uas muaj cov puab plhaub
Phylum arthropods
Arthropods tau muaj Arthropods have a Arthropods have a Arthropods have a Arthropods have a Arthropods have a Arthropods have a Arthropods have aLawv muaj qhov sib txawv heev, los ntawm me me (xws li Demodex spp. (0.1 mm)) mus rau loj heev xws li Macrocheira kaempferi mus txog 4 meters (tsawg zaus).
Lub cev ntawm arthropods yog segmented forming tagmata, yog li, lawv yog cov pob txha tsis muaj tsiaj nrog lub cev muab faib ua lub taub hau, thorax thiab plab.. Lawv muaj sclerized cuticular exoskeleton, qhov no tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob loj hlob, yog li lawv yuav tsum tau tso txhua zaus lawv xav tau loj hlob.
Hauv cov arthropods peb pom myriapods, crustaceans, arachnids thiab hexapods.
Phylum echinoderms
Echinoderms yog ib pawg loj thiab sib txawv. Muaj txog 7,000 hom, tag nrho cov marine. Lawv yog cov tsiaj dioecious, uas yog, lawv muaj kev sib deev. Nyob rau hauv pab pawg no ntawm cov tsiaj invertebrate peb pom crinoids, asteroids los yog starfish, brittle hnub qub, hiav txwv urchins thiab holothurians.
Lawv muaj endoskeleton tsim los ntawm daim hlau, hu ua oscicles los yog sclerites Tus tsiaj yog npog nrog cov ntaub so ntswg epidermal, nyob rau hauv uas yog lub dermis thiab tag nrho cov ossicles, uas tej zaum yuav los yog yuav tsis articulate nrog ib leeg, nyob ntawm seb hom.
