Mob ntshav qab zib mellitus yog ib yam kab mob ntev tshaj plaws hauv cov chaw kho tsiaj me, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov poj niam thiab cov neeg laus (nrog rau cov hnub nyoog nruab nrab ntawm 7-9 xyoo). Txawm hais tias nws yog ib qho kab mob uas kho tsis tau, nrog rau kev cog lus ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas thiab kev tswj xyuas kom zoo, cov dev mob ntshav qab zib tuaj yeem txaus siab rau lub neej zoo.
Yog koj xav paub ntau ntxiv txog mob ntshav qab zib mellitus hauv dev, nws cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob, koom nrog peb hauv tsab xov xwm tom ntej ntawm peb. qhov chaw uas peb kuj piav qhia txog kev kuaj mob ntawm tus kab mob no.
Dab tsi yog ntshav qab zib mellitus hauv dev?
Diabetes mellitus is an kab mob endocrine uas tshwm sim los ntawm lub xeev ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm hyperglycemia(cov ntshav qabzib nce siab), uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev mob ntshav qab zib. deficiency hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj insulin lossis los ntawm cov yam ntxwv uas tiv thaiv nws qhov kev ua. Txhawm rau kom nkag siab zoo dua li tus kab mob no tshwm sim, peb yuav piav qhia luv luv txog nws cov kab mob.
Insulin yog ib yam tshuaj uas tso tawm los ntawm lub txiav ua rau lub cev muaj cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav. Thaum cov ntshav qabzib nce siab, txiav txiav tawm cov tshuaj insulin tso cai rau cov piam thaj nkag mus rau hauv cov hlwb thiab siv rau lub zog. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum yog vim li cas peb yuav pom hauv qab no muaj deficiency hauv insulin ntau lawm los yog muaj cov yam uas tiv thaiv nws cov kev ua, qabzib accumulates nyob rau hauv cov ntshav tsim ib lub xeev. ntawm hyperglycemia.
Thaum cov ntshav qabzib ntau tshaj qhov hu ua "lub raum pib", cov piam thaj tau tawm hauv cov zis (glycosuria). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov tsis muaj tshuaj insulin tsis txaus ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg muaj txwv tsis pub nkag mus rau cov piam thaj, thiab yog li xav tau break. cia lub cev cov protein thiab rog reserves kom tau lub zog lawv xav tau.
Causes of diabetes mellitus in dogs
Ntshav Qab Zib feem ntau yog ib tus kab mob multifactorial disease, uas yog, nws feem ntau yog txheej txheem los ntawm ntau yam. Tshwj xeeb, ua rau mob ntshav qab zib mellitus hauv dev tuaj yeem yog thawj lossis thib ob.
- Primary cause: cov uas cuam tshuam rau txiav txiav nws tus kheej. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog pancreatitis, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency thiab tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev, thiab lwm yam. Yog xav paub ntxiv txog exocrine pancreatic insufficiency hauv dev: cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob, tsis txhob yig tau nyeem cov kab lus no uas peb pom zoo.
- Secondary cause: cov uas tsis ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau txiav txiav, xws li kev kho glucocorticoid, qib siab ntawm progesterone, rog rog, kis kab mob lossis o. mob ntev thiab azotemia. Mus saib cov ncej no hais txog Qhov Tseem Ceeb ntawm kev rog rog hauv dev
Type of diabetes mellitus in dogs
Hauv dev, peb hom mob ntshav qab zib mellitus raug lees paub:
- Type I diabetes mellitus: tseem hu ua insulin-dependent diabetes. Nws yog hom mob ntshav qab zib mellitus feem ntau hauv cov dev. Nws tshwm sim raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev raug mob thawj zaug rau txiav txiav uas ua rau cov kab mob pancreatic ua rau lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim cov tshuaj insulin. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm insulin hauv lub cev. Hom ntshav qab zib no is irreversible, uas txhais tau hais tias cov neeg mob yuav tsum tau kev kho mob insulin mus ib txhis.
- : Txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv dev, nws muaj ntau dua hauv miv. Hauv qhov no, cov tib neeg muaj peev xwm tsim tau cov tshuaj insulin, tab sis muaj ntau yam (qhov tseem ceeb rog rog) uas ua rau resistance rau insulin hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, uas tiv thaiv cov tshuaj hormones. siv nws cov nyhuv. Qhov zoo ntawm hom ntshav qab zib no yog qhov reversible
- Type III or Secondary diabetes mellitus: yog ib hom mob ntshav qab zib uas tshwm sim thaum combines kab mob (xws li pancreatitis, Cushing's syndrome, thiab acromegaly) ua ke nrog qee yam tshuaj (xws li glucocorticoids lossis progestins). Tsis txhob yig tau nyeem tsab xov xwm no ntawm peb lub xaib kom paub ntau ntxiv txog Cushing's Syndrome hauv dev: cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob.
Symptoms of diabetes mellitus in dogs
Cov tsos mob cuam tshuam nrog ntshav qab zib mellitus hauv dev yog qhov pom tseeb, tso cai rau cov neeg ua haujlwm theem pib ntawm tus kab mob.
Tshwj xeeb, daim duab kho mob ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm "plaub P's": polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia thiab poob phaus. Peb piav qhia cov tsos mob tshwm sim hauv qab no.
- Polyuria: nce zis ntim. Raws li peb tau piav qhia thaum pib ntawm tsab xov xwm, thaum cov ntshav qabzib ntau dhau ntawm "lub raum pib", cov piam thaj raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov zis. Glucose ua raws li osmotic diuretic, nqus dej ntau nrog nws thiab ua kom cov zis ntau ntxiv.
- Polydipsia: nce dej kom ntau. Cov polyuria uas tsim los ntawm qhov muaj cov piam thaj hauv cov zis tso cai rau kom them nyiaj rau polydipsia, txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub cev qhuav dej ntawm tus tsiaj. Peb tso koj lwm qhov tshaj tawm txog Polyuria thiab polydipsia hauv dev: ua rau thiab yuav ua li cas los kawm ntxiv txog cov ncauj lus.
- Polyphagia: nce qab los noj mov. Raws li cov ntaub so ntswg tsis muaj peev xwm ntes tau cov piam thaj, qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub zog sib npaug yog tsim tawm uas tus tsiaj sim los them nyiaj los ntawm kev noj zaub mov ntau ntxiv.
- poob phaus: Qhov tsis muaj cov piam thaj hauv lub cev ua rau lub cev zom cov rog thiab cov khoom noj protein rau lub zog, uas ua rau poob phaus.
Tsis tas li ntawd, ntshav qab zib tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm hyperglycemia mus ntev. Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb cuam tshuam nrog ntshav qab zib mellitus hauv dev yog:
- Cataracts: lens opacity. Nws yog qhov teeb meem feem ntau ntawm ntshav qab zib mellitus hauv dev. Lawv yog irreversible thiab evolve sai heev. Tsis txhob yig nyeem ntxiv txog Cataracts hauv dev: cov tsos mob, ua rau thiab kev kho mob, ntawm no.
- Bacterial infections: Kab mob qhov ncauj, tso zis thiab daim tawv nqaij muaj ntau heev nyob rau hauv cov dev mob ntshav qab zib.
- Pancreatitis-Txawm hais tias tus mob pancreatitis yog ua rau mob ntshav qab zib, nws kuj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem. Qhov no yog vim hais tias kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov roj reserves ua rau lub xeev ntawm hyperlipemia uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob pancreatitis. Peb tso koj cov ntawv tshaj tawm no rau ntawm peb qhov chaw hais txog Pancreatitis hauv dev: cov tsos mob, ua rau thiab kev kho mob kom koj tuaj yeem kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog cov ncauj lus.
- Peripheral neuropathy: Txawm hais tias nws muaj ntau dua hauv miv, nws kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv dev
- Glomerulopathies: qhov no yog ib pawg kab mob uas ua rau poob ntawm glomerular filtration membrane thiab nws txoj kev ncaj ncees.
- Diabetic ketoacidosis: yog qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws ntawm ntshav qab zib mellitus. Yog tias tsis kho tam sim ntawd, qhov kev tuag ntawm tus neeg mob tshwm sim vim hais tias qhov tsis txaus ntawm insulin kiag li.
NATION NOJ QAB NOJ NIAM POM ZOO DAB TSI LOS NTAWM KEV KAWM NTAWM COV LUS ZOO LOS NTAWM KEV LAG LUAM.
Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in dogs
Cov phiaj xwm kuaj mob ntshav qab zib mellitus hauv dev yog ua raws cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
- : Raws li peb tau hais lawm, cov tsos mob tshwm sim feem ntau ntawm cov mob ntshav qab zib hauv dev yog polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia thiab poob phaus.
- :: hyperglycemia (>200 mg/dl) raug kuaj pom hauv txhua tus tsiaj mob ntshav qab zib. Yog tias nws nyob rau theem tsis ntseeg siab (180-200 mg / dl), tus tsiaj raug suav hais tias yog tus mob ntshav qab zib. Hauv cov tsiaj uas muaj mob ntshav qab zib mellitus lossis cov kab mob muaj peev xwm, nws raug nquahu kom ntsuas cov qib ntawm glycated proteins (fructosamine thiab glycated hemoglobin) uas qhia txog glycemia hauv lub lis piam tsis ntev los no. Ntxiv nrog rau hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemic yoo ntshav plasma, nrog rau nce siab enzymes GPT thiab alkaline phosphatase, tuaj yeem pom hauv ntau tus neeg mob ntshav qab zib.
- Urinalysis: Thaum lub raum qhov pib tshaj, cov piam thaj yuav kuaj pom hauv cov zis (glycosuria). Txawm hais tias tus tsiaj muaj polyuria (ntau cov zis ntim), cov zis ceev yog qhov qub lossis txawm tias nce ntxiv vim tias muaj cov piam thaj hauv cov zis nce nws cov osmolarity. Tsis tas li ntawd, ketonuria (muaj ketone lub cev nyob rau hauv cov zis) thiab proteinuria (muaj protein nyob rau hauv cov zis) tej zaum yuav pom nyob rau hauv ib co neeg mob.
- Diagnosis by imaging: Muab cov teeb meem loj heev uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib, nws raug nquahu kom ua cov kev kuaj mob kuaj pom (Feem ntau X-rays thiab ultrasounds) txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem no ntxov.
Khob mob ntshav qab zib mellitus hauv dev
Mob ntshav qab zib mellitus yog ib yam kab mob ntev Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kho kab mob kom raug, cov dev mob ntshav qab zib tuaj yeem nyob nrog lub neej zoo. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum kuaj xyuas thiab tswj tus kab mob sai li sai tau, txhawm rau txo lossis tshem tawm cov tsos mob thiab ncua qhov pib muaj teeb meem.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov neeg saib xyuas cov dev mob ntshav qab zib nkag siab txog tus kab mob, nws txoj kev pheej hmoo thiab nws txoj kev kho mob, vim tias lawv txoj kev sib koom tes yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb los tswj cov kab mob. Qhov tseeb, kev koom tes nrog tus neeg saib xyuas yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas txiav txim siab txog kev kho mob zoo lossis tsis ua haujlwm.
Tshwj xeeb, kev kho cov dev mob ntshav qab zib yog ua raws plaub yam tseem ceeb:
- Insulin: Cov dev mob ntshav qab zib yuav tsum tau siv tshuaj insulin tas mus li, thiab tsis zoo li tib neeg, cov dev mob ntshav qab zib insulin tsis tuaj yeem hloov los ntawm lwm cov tshuaj. Muaj ntau hom insulin nyob ntawm lawv lub zog thiab lub sijhawm ntawm lawv cov nyhuv. Hauv cov dev, thawj qhov kev xaiv yog Caninsulin, qhov ua haujlwm qeeb ntawm cov tshuaj insulin ntawm porcine keeb kwm thiab cov qauv zoo ib yam rau canine insulin. Nws yog siv rau subcutaneously, 2 zaug ib hnub twg. Txhawm rau tswj cov koob tshuaj, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau siv cov koob txhaj tshuaj tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj insulin, vim yog siv cov koob txhaj tshuaj rau tib neeg cov tshuaj, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv tshuaj yuav raug ua yuam kev. Nyeem cov ntawv no ntawm peb qhov chaw hais txog Insulin rau dev: ntau npaum li cas, hom thiab nqe.
- noj zaub mov tsis tu ncua: Cov dev mob ntshav qab zib yuav tsum muaj cov khoom noj tshwj xeeb uas pab, ntawm ib sab, kom rov qab poob phaus thiab, ntawm Ntawm qhov tod tes, txo qis postprandial hypoglycemia. Tshwj xeeb, kev noj zaub mov tsis muaj rog (<15% rog), nplua nuj nyob rau hauv fiber ntau (15-22% fiber) thiab nrog cov protein ntau (20% protein) yuav tsum tau noj. Qhov zoo tshaj yog faib cov khoom noj rau hauv 2 pluas noj ib hnub thiab siv cov khoom noj tshwj xeeb rau cov dev mob ntshav qab zib. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias koj yuav tsum tau noj ib txwm noj zaub mov ua ntej thiab tom qab ntawd insulin, thiab kho cov tshuaj insulin raws li tus tsiaj noj (piv txwv li, yog tias koj tsuas yog noj ib nrab ntawm cov khoom noj, tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm cov tshuaj insulin yuav tsum tau muab). Peb tso koj tsab xov xwm no nrog qee Cov Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv rau dev mob ntshav qab zib, yog li koj tuaj yeem kawm paub ntxiv txog cov ncauj lus.
- Control of other disease and concurrent processs: txhua yam kab mob los yog kab mob physiological (xws li estrus lossis cev xeeb tub) tuaj yeem ua rau tus neeg mob ntshav qab zib decompensates , vim cov xwm txheej no tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj insulin. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas thiab kho cov txheej txheem no ntxov kom tswj tau ntshav qab zib.
- (kho dua tshiab): kev kho mob ntshav qab zib mellitus yog dynamic thiab yuav tsum tau kho cov tshuaj insulin thoob plaws hauv lub neej ntawm tus tsiaj. For this reason, diabetic patients should attend periodic reviews in which a blood glucose curve will be performed and weight, polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia will be controlled. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kev tshuaj xyuas no, koj cov koob tshuaj insulin yuav raug kho.
Yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv ntshav qab zib mellitus hauv dev?
Kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntshav qab zib mellitus hauv dev tsis yog ib qho teeb meem yooj yim, vim feem ntau cov kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm cov txheej txheem uas tsis tuaj yeem ua. zam. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee yam kev pheej hmoo uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov pib mob ntshav qab zib mellitus ntau li ntau tau:
- Castration: Cov qib progesterone tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj insulin tsis kam. Vim li no, castration yog pom zoo tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov poj niam dev raws li kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntshav qab zib mellitus. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv bitches nyob rau hauv uas tus kab mob twb tau kuaj, castration yog ib txwm qhia vim hais tias nws muaj peev xwm thim rov qab ntshav qab zib. Tsis txhob ua siab deb nyeem tsab xov xwm no hais txog Neutering a aub: nqe, lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tom qab, qhov tshwm sim thiab cov txiaj ntsig.
- Obesity: Tiv thaiv kev rog dhau los ntawm kev noj zaub mov kom zoo thiab kev tawm dag zog lub cev tsis tu ncua yuav tiv thaiv qee yam ua rau mob ntshav qab zib, xws li mob pancreatitis. Mus saib cov ntawv no hais txog Kev tawm dag zog rau cov dev rog, ntawm no.
- Kev kuaj tsiaj ib ntus: Los ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas no tuaj yeem kuaj pom tias yuav tsum muaj kev tswj xyuas tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv kev mob ntshav qab zib thaum kawg. Cov kev tshuaj xyuas no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom zoo nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj predisposed rau ntshav qab zib mellitus xws li: terriers (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog West Highland terrier), poodle, dachshund, schnauzer thiab golden retriever.
