Ntses yog cov chordate phylum, lawv tsuas yog cov tsiaj hauv dej nkaus xwb thiab, qhov tseeb uas qee zaum peb tsis tau qhia, yog tias lawv yog cov vertebrates ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb, tag nrho ze li peb caug txhiab hom tam sim no. Cov tsiaj no tau kov yeej txhua qhov chaw hauv dej, muaj ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, cov duab thiab hloov kho kom tsim tau hauv dej. Hauv tsab xov xwm no ntawm peb lub xaib peb xav nthuav tawm ib tsab xov xwm hais txog hom ntses kom koj tuaj yeem kawm txog lawv cov kev faib tawm thiab cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb. Txhob ua siab deb nyeem ntawv yog koj xav paub.
Ntsuag ntses
Vim cov ntses yog ib pab pawg uas muaj ntau haiv neeg, lawv qhov kev ntaus nqi muaj varied lub sij hawm Kev lig kev cai peb pawg los yog chav kawm tau txawv: agnathians (tsis muaj lub puab tsaig), chondrichthyans (mob pob txha) thiab osteichthyans (bony). Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau kev nce qib hauv taxonomy, qhov kev faib tawm no tau nthuav dav thiab nthuav dav ntxiv, raws li txoj hauv qab no:
Agnathos Superclass
Nyob rau hauv lub agnathus superclass, peb tuaj yeem pom cov ntses hauv qab no:
- Class Mixines: Hagfish muaj lub cev elongated, ib lub qhov ncauj nrog plaub khub ntawm tentacles, 5 mus rau 15 khub ntawm gill sacs, thiab tej hom yog hermaphrodites. Tshawb nrhiav 15 yam piv txwv ntawm hermaphrodite tsiaj thiab lawv yug li cas, ntawm no.
- Class Petromyzontida: Ntawm no yog cov lampreys, uas muaj gelatinous, elongated, cylindrical lub cev tsis muaj nplai.
Yog tias koj xav paub ntau ntxiv txog agnathus, peb xav kom koj saib lwm tsab xov xwm hais txog agnathus lossis lub puab tsaig ntses: cov yam ntxwv thiab cov piv txwv.
Superclass Gnathostomes
Tseem tshuav cov vertebrates tseem muaj nyob rau hauv lub superclass ntawm gnathostomes. Yog li ntawd, peb pom cov chav kawm hauv qab no:
- Class Chondrichthyans: cov pob txha pob txha, cov hniav tsis fused rau lub puab tsaig thiab cov ntses no tsis muaj lub zais zis ua luam dej. Lawv tau muab faib ua ob pawg: Elasmobranchs (sharks, rays thiab torpedoes) thiab Holocephalians (chimera ntses lossis dab sharks, piv txwv li). Xyuas cov ntawv no txog cov ntses cartilaginous, lawv cov yam ntxwv, npe thiab cov piv txwv kom paub ntau ntxiv.
- Class Osteichthyos: sib raug rau cov ntses pob txha, uas muaj cov pob txha ossified, nrog cov gill qhib yooj yim, thiab tseem muaj lub zais zis ua luam dej lossis lub ntsws. Lawv muab faib ua ob pawg: cov Actinopterygians (ray-finned ntses) thiab Sarcopterygians (lobe-finned ntses). Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog Bony Fish: piv txwv thiab yam ntxwv.
Raws li peb tau hais, qhov no yog ib qho ntawm ntau txoj kev xaiv ntses. Lwm tus yuav suav nrog qee qhov subdivision ntxiv rau cov uas tau hais. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias peb tsuas yog xav txog cov neeg nyob, tsis hais txog cov uas ploj lawm.
Ntses Ntses
Tau muaj ntau hom ntses uas muaj, nws tsis yooj yim los tsim cov yam ntxwv uas suav nrog lawv txhua tus, txawm li cas los xij, hauv qab no, peb nthuav qhia qee yam ntawm pawg:
- Muaj ob pawg loj: agnathans thiab gnathostomes. Thawj, tsis muaj lub puab tsaig, yog cov laus tshaj plaws thiab yoog raws li scavengers lossis cab. Qhov kawg, nrog lub puab tsaig, sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau hom tsiaj.
- agnates yog vertebrates: Txawm hais tias lawv tsis muaj vertebrae, lawv muaj pob txha taub hau thiab lwm yam homologies uas ua rau lawv muaj vertebrates..
- gnahostomes have jaws and libs.
- Cartilaginous ntses yog cov tsiaj muaj zog: nrog lub cev squaliform. Lawv kuj tau tsim ib qho kev ua kom pom kev nyuaj.
- Bony ntses yog cov tseem ceeb hnub no: lawv yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv cov pob txha pob txha ua los ntawm calcified pieces es tsis pob txha mos.
Yog koj xav paub ntau ntxiv txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus ntses, tsis txhob yig mus saib tau lwm tsab xov xwm ntawm peb qhov chaw.
Nyob ntses
Peb tuaj yeem faib ntses los ntawm ntau lub ntsiab lus, cia peb paub qee yam.
Tom ntses raws li lawv lub puab tsaig
Hauv paus ntsiab lus peb tham txog ob hom ntses, cov uas tsis muaj lub puab tsaig thiab cov uas ua.
- Jawless ntses: Raws li peb tau hais lawm, lawv muab faib ua ntau tshaj 80 hom, ntawm ob pawg, hagfish thiab lampreys.. Ob leeg muaj lub cev elongated, zoo ib yam li cov eels, tsis muaj ossification sab hauv, nplai thiab khub fins, txhua tus muaj gill qhib.
- Ntses nrog lub puab tsaig muaj ntau ntau haiv neeg, nyob rau hauv lawv yog lwm yam tsiaj uas muaj tag nrho sharks, rays, chimeras thiab lub immense. ntau hom ntses pob txha. Qhov ntau thiab tsawg, cov duab thiab tus cwj pwm txawv heev, thiab nyob ntawm seb tus yam ntxwv ntawm txhua pawg.
Ntau ntses raws li lawv lub cev
Nyob ntawm cov pob txha, ntses tuaj yeem yog ob hom, pob txha mos lossis pob txha:
- Cartilaginous ntses: lawv muaj cov pob txha mos ntawm cov pob txha mos, feem ntau lawv muaj cov fins, thiab qhov ntswg lossis qhov ntswg, lub cev npog nrog nplai thiab lawv mus ntawm qhov me me ntawm ob peb centimeters, mus rau ntau tshaj 10 meters.
- Bony Fishes: Tsis zoo li yav tas los, lawv lub cev pob txha yog ib qho calcified tsim. Ntawm no peb pom cov ntses ntau tshaj plaws. Lawv zoo li muaj cov qauv zoo ib yam hauv cov cranial conformation, ua khub los yog tsis muaj fins nrog pob txha mos los yog pob txha, uas muab faib ua ob pawg, rayed los yog lobed fins. Feem ntau nrog rau lub zais zis, ntau cov hniav thiab cov hnab ntim quav.
Tom ntses raws li lawv qhov chaw nyob
Lwm qhov kev faib tawm uas peb tuaj yeem siv los txiav txim seb hom ntses yog raws li qhov chaw nyob. Yog li, peb muaj peb tuaj yeem nrhiav:
- ntses dej ntshiab: mus saib kab lus no ntawm peb lub xaib kom paub txog qee cov ntses dej tshiab rau thoob dej yug ntses, hom, npe thiab duab.
- Marine Fish: Here's more information about S altwater Fish.
- Diadromous fish: cov no yog ntses muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv ob hom xov xwm, vim hais tias nws yog hais txog migratory ntses uas taug kev ntawm ob hom. Aquatic environments.
Tig, diadromous ntses tuaj yeem yog peb hom:
- Anadromous: siv lawv lub neej feem ntau hauv hiav txwv tab sis taug kev mus rau cov dej ntws mus rau yug.
- Catádromos: nyob hauv dej tshiab thiab yug hauv dej ntsev.
- Amphidromous: Cov no yog cov ntses uas txav nruab nrab ntawm cov dej tshiab thiab ntsev, tab sis tsis muaj lub hom phiaj kev loj hlob.
Ntau ntses raws qhov tob uas lawv nyob
Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov ntses raws qhov tob uas lawv nyob, cov ntses tuaj yeem hu ua:
- Benthonics: yog cov ntses uas loj hlob ntawm los yog ze rau hauv qab dej.
- Pelagic: cov uas yuav luag tsis muaj nyob ze rau ntawm ntug hiav txwv dej, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab cov dej los yog nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw, tab sis nyob deb ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv..
- Neritic: referring to cov ntses uas nyob ze ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv los yog ntug hiav txwv.
Piv txwv ntses
Raws li peb twb paub lawm, muaj ntau hom ntses, yog li kev tis npe rau lawv txhua tus yuav yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj heev. Hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, qhia rau peb paub qee qhov piv txwv:
Mixines
Nyob hauv hagfish, peb tuaj yeem hais ob qho piv txwv ntawm ntses:
- Gregg's hagfish (Myxine greggii).
- Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), ib hom Petromyzontida.
Chondrichthyans
Nyob hauv chondrichthyans, uas yog cov ntses cartilaginous, peb tuaj yeem hais txog:
- Elasmobranchs: qhov twg peb nrhiav tau tus loj dawb shark (Carcharodon carcharias), hom manta ray (Dasyatis pastinaca) los yog marbled electric ray (Torpedo marmorata).
- Holocephalians: qhov twg peb tuaj yeem pom tus tsov txaij chimera (Chimera panthera).
Ostichthyes
Nco ntsoov tias osteichthyes yog tag nrho cov ntses pob txha. Ua li no, peb tuaj yeem pom:
- Actinopterigios (ray fins): xws li Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus) los yog Nile bichir (Polypterus bichir).
- Sarcopterygian (lobe-finned): xws li coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) lossis South American lungfish (Lepidosiren paradoxa).
Lwm cov piv txwv
- Anadromous: Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).
- Catádromo: European Eel (Anguilla Anguilla).
- Amphidromous: Sardinian shark (Carcharhinus leucas).
- Benthonic: Speckled Guitarfish (Pseudobatos glaucostigmus).
- Pelagic: Bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus).
- Neritic: Sawfish (Pristi pristis)
