Ib txhia tsiaj muaj tej yam duab thiab xim uas tsis meej pem nrog ib puag ncig lawv nyob los yog nrog lwm yam kab mob. Qee tus txawm muaj peev xwm hloov lawv cov xim thiab ua rau ntau hom. Yog li ntawd, nws nyuaj heev rau peb nrhiav lawv thiab lawv feem ntau yog qhov kev lom zem kho qhov muag illusions.
Mimicry thiab crypsis yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb rau kev ciaj sia ntawm ntau hom thiab tau ua rau cov tsiaj muaj ntau hom duab thiab xim. Koj puas xav paub ntxiv? Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no ntawm peb lub xaib, peb qhia koj txhua tus txog tsiaj mimicry: txhais, hom thiab piv txwv
Definition of animal mimicry
peb hais txog kev ua phem ua qias thaum qee tus tsiaj muaj sia zoo li lwm yam kab mob uas lawv tsis tas yuav muaj kev sib raug zoo. Yog li ntawd, cov tsiaj no muaj sia nyob rhais lawv cov tsiaj nyeg lossis lawv cov tsiaj, ua rau muaj kev nyiam lossis kev ya davhlau.
Rau cov neeg sau ntawv feem ntau, kev ua yeeb yam tsis zoo ib yam li crypsis. Crypsis, raws li peb yuav pom, yog cov txheej txheem uas qee cov tsiaj nyob hauv lawv tus kheej nyob ib puag ncig lawv ua tsaug rau lawv xim thiab qauv zoo ib yam li qhov no. Peb hais ces ntawm cryptic coloration.
Ob leeg mimicry thiab crypsis yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov ntawm cov tsiaj nyob rau ib puag ncig.
Nkauj tawm tshiab
Muaj qee qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb txog dab tsi tuaj yeem suav tias yog kev coj ua thiab dab tsi ua tsis tau. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav pom cov nruj hom tsiaj mimicry:
- Müllerian mimicry.
- Batesian mimicry.
- Lwm hom mimicry.
Thaum kawg, peb yuav pom qee cov tsiaj uas camouflage lawv tus kheej hauv ib puag ncig ua tsaug rau cryptic colorations.
Müllerian mimicry
Müllerian mimicry tshwm sim thaum ob lossis ntau hom muaj tib xim qauv thiab/los yog duab Ntxiv rau, ob leeg muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tiv thaiv. nws cov tsiaj nyeg xws li sting, muaj tshuaj lom lossis saj tsis kaj siab heev. Ua tsaug rau qhov no mimicry, lawv cov tsiaj nyeg tau kawm paub txog tus qauv no thiab tsis txhob tawm tsam ib hom tsiaj uas muaj nws.
Tseem tau ntawm hom tsiaj mimicry no yog ob hom tsiaj muaj sia nyob thiab muaj peev xwm kis tau lawv cov noob rau cov xeeb ntxwv. Tus tsiaj nyeg kuj yeej, vim nws tuaj yeem kawm tau yooj yim dua yam hom twg txaus ntshai.
Piv txwv ntawm Müllerian mimicry
Qee yam kab mob uas nthuav tawm hom tsiaj no yog:
- Hymenoptera (hais Hymenoptera): Muaj ntau lub qwj thiab muv muaj xim daj thiab xim dub uas qhia tau tias noog thiab lwm yam tsiaj txhu muaj nyob. stinger.
- Coral snakes (tsev neeg Elapidae): txhua tus nab hauv tsev neeg no muaj lub nplhaib liab thiab daj ntawm lawv lub cev. Yog li ntawd, lawv qhia rau lawv cov tsiaj txhu tias lawv muaj tshuaj lom.
Raws li koj pom, cov tsiaj no muaj xim zoo nkauj heev uas ntes cov tsiaj tua tsiaj, ceeb toom txog kev phom sij lossis saj tsis zoo. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua aposematism thiab yog qhov sib txawv ntawm crypsis, txheej txheem camouflage uas peb yuav pom tom qab.
Aposematism yog hom kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov tsiaj.
Batesian mimicry
Batesian mimicry tshwm sim thaum ob lossis ntau hom yog aposematic thiab zoo sib xws heev, tab sis tsuas yog ib tug ntawm lawv yog tiag tiag lawv yog armed. nrog kev tiv thaiv mechanisms tawm tsam predators. Lwm lub npe hu ua hom copy.
The result of this type of mimicry is that the copying species is identified as dangerous by the predator. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog qhov txaus ntshai lossis tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo, tab sis nws yog "tus neeg dag". Qhov no tso cai rau koj kom txuag tau lub zog koj yuav tsum tau nqis peev hauv kev muaj cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv.
Piv txwv ntawm Batesian mimicry
Ib txhia tsiaj uas nthuav tawm hom mimicry no yog:
. Txawm li cas los, lawv tsis muaj ib tug stinger los tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej.
Nyob hauv daim duab peb pom ib co pob zeb cuav. Yog tias peb muab piv nrog cov duab ntawm ntu yav dhau los (coral nab), peb pom tau tias cov coral cuav tsis muaj xim daj.
Lwm hom tsiaj mimicry
Txawm hais tias peb ib txwm xav txog mimicry li ib yam dab tsi uas pom, muaj ntau ntau lwm yam mimicry, xws li olfactory los yog auditory.
Cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm olfactory mimicry yog cov paj uas tawm odorous tshuaj zoo ib yam li muv pheromones. Yog li, cov txiv neej mus rau lub paj xav tias nws yog poj niam thiab, vim li ntawd, lawv pollinate nws. Qhov no yog rooj plaub ntawm genus O phrys (orchids).
Acoustic mimicry
Hais txog acoustic mimicry, ib qho piv txwv yog qhov xim av acanthiza (Acanthiza pusilla), ib tug noog Australian uas imitates lub tswb ceeb toom ntawm lwm cov noog Yog li, thaum tawm tsam los ntawm cov tsiaj nruab nrab, lawv xyaum cov cim qhia tias lwm hom emit thaum falcon ze. Yog li ntawd, tus tsiaj nruab nrab khiav tawm los yog siv sijhawm ntev los tua.
Camouflage tsiaj los yog crypsis
Ib txhia tsiaj muaj ib tug colouring or drawing patterns uas ua rau lawv muaj peev xwm sib xyaw nrog lawv ib puag ncig. Ua li no, lawv mus unnoticed los ntawm lwm yam tsiaj. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua crypsis lossis cryptic coloration
Tsi muaj kev xyiv fab, cov huab tais ntawm crypsis yog cov chameleons (tsev neeg Chamaeleonidae). Cov tsiaj reptiles no muaj peev xwm hloov xim ntawm lawv cov tawv nqaij nyob ntawm qhov chaw lawv nyob. Lawv ua qhov no ua tsaug rau nanocrystals uas tuaj ua ke thiab sib cais los ntawm qhov sib txawv wavelengths. Hauv kab lus hauv qab no ntawm peb lub xaib koj yuav kawm vim li cas chameleon hloov xim?
Piv txwv cov tsiaj uas zais lawv tus kheej
Muaj ntau yam tsiaj uas camouflage lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv cov xwm ua tsaug rau cryptic xim. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv:
- Grassshoppers (suborder Caelifera): lawv yog cov nyiam nyiam cov tsiaj nyeg ntawm ntau tus tsiaj, yog li lawv cov xim zoo ib yam li ib puag ncig lawv. nyob. nyob.
- Salamanquesa (tsev neeg Gekkonidae): cov tsiaj reptiles camouflage lawv tus kheej rau ntawm pob zeb thiab phab ntsa tos lawv prey.
- Nocturnal noog prey (order Strigiformes): cov noog no ua zes rau cov ntoo hollow. Lawv cov xim thiab cov qauv ua rau lawv pom tsis yooj yim, txawm tias thaum saib.
- Mantis (hais Mantodea): ntau mantids sib xyaw rau hauv lawv ib puag ncig los ntawm cryptic xim. Lwm tus mimic sticks, nplooj los yog paj.
- Crab kab laug sab (Thomisus spp.): hloov lawv cov xim nyob ntawm cov paj uas lawv nyob thiab tos cov pollinators txhawm rau tua lawv. nqes.
- Octopuses (order Octopoda): zoo li chameleons thiab cuttlefish, lawv hloov lawv cov xim nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv nyob ntawm seb lub substrate nyob rau hauv uas lawv yog. nrhiav.
- Birch butterfly (Biston betularia): cov tsiaj no camouflage lawv tus kheej hauv cov tawv ntoo dawb ntawm cov ntoo birch. Thaum lub kiv puag ncig kev lag luam tuaj txog hauv tebchaws Askiv, thee hmoov av tau sau rau ntawm cov ntoo, tig lawv dub. Vim li no, cov npauj npaim hauv cheeb tsam hloov mus rau xim dub.
