Hom FLIES - Cov yam ntxwv thiab lawv nyob qhov twg

Cov txheej txheem:

Hom FLIES - Cov yam ntxwv thiab lawv nyob qhov twg
Hom FLIES - Cov yam ntxwv thiab lawv nyob qhov twg
Anonim
Hom yoov fetchpriority=siab
Hom yoov fetchpriority=siab

The Diptera (hais Diptera) yog ib pawg ntawm cov kab ya uas ua los ntawm yoov tshaj cum thiab horseflies, thiab lwm yam. Cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub neej luv luv, nyob ib ncig ntawm 30 hnub, raws li tau piav qhia hauv kab lus no: "Lub neej voj voog ntawm yoov". Tsom ntsoov rau yoov, muaj cov neeg sawv cev zoo xws li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yoov, cov yoov yoov uas nyob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub, lossis lub tsev yoov, uas yog cov feem ntau hauv peb tsev. Qee hom yoov pub rau paj paj thiab paj ntoos, lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab paj, thiab ib txhia yog hematophagous, uas yog, lawv haus cov ntshav tsiaj.

Pab pawg Diptera muaj ntau haiv neeg, raws li nws muaj ntau tshaj 100,000 hom faib thoob plaws ntiaj teb uas ua tiav ntau yam dej num zoo xws li pollination los yog kev koom tes nrog decomposition ntawm cov organic teeb meem, thaum lwm hom muaj kev huv huv tseem ceeb li vectors ntawm cov kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv tsab xov xwm no hauv peb lub vev xaib peb yuav tham txog ntau yam hom yoov, lawv nyob qhov twg thiab lawv cov cwj pwm ecological.

Dung ya (Scathophaga stercoraria)

Belongs to the family Scathophagidae, is also commonly known as dung fly and is published in thaj chaw ntawm sab qaum teb hemisphere, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog North America thiab Europe, qhov chaw uas lawv muaj ntau nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj kev ua liaj ua teb ntau dua.

Nws yog ib tug yoov me me uas ntsuas li 1 cm. Tus txiv neej yog me ntsis loj dua tus poj niam thiab tseem yuav luag golden daj. Nws lub npe yog vim qhov tseeb hais tias yug me nyuam thiab nteg qe nws nyob rau hauv cov quav ntawm cov tsiaj loj xws li nees, nyuj, qus boars los yog mos lwj, thiab lwm yam. Nws muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov xwm txheej, vim nws pab lub ntuj decomposition ntawm tsiaj pov tseg.

Hom yoov - Dung ya (Scathophaga stercoraria)
Hom yoov - Dung ya (Scathophaga stercoraria)

Tsetse ya Glossina morsitans morsitans

Hom no belongs rau tsev neeg Glossinidae, uas yog vim li cas nws yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg neeg hu ua tsetse yoov, thiab inhabitants thaj chaw qhuav heev ntawm African savannah, ntau dua nyob hauv Sub-Saharan Africa. Thaum lub caij ntuj nag nws nyob qhov chaw hauv savannah, txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub caij qhuav nws txav mus rau thaj chaw ntoo, qhov chaw muaj qhov ntxoov ntxoo thiab cov av noo ntau dua.

Nws ntev li ntawm 1.5 cm thiab ob leeg txiv neej thiab poj niam yog hematophagous, uas yog, lawv noj ntshav, yog li lawv Qhov ncauj qhov ncauj yog tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom noj no thiab, yog li ntawd, lawv yog hom yoov tom. Lawv tuaj yeem nyob ntev txog 5 lossis 6 lub hlis hauv cov pojniam, thaum txiv neej nyob nruab nrab ntawm 3 thiab 4 lub hlis. Ntshav yog tau los ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg thiab tsiaj reptiles, noog thiab lwm yam vertebrates. Hom yoov no yog kab mob ntawm Trypanosoma brucei, kab mob uas ua rau African trypanosomiasis, nrov npe hu ua mob pw tsaug zog.

Hom yoov - Tsetse ya Glossina morsitans morsitans
Hom yoov - Tsetse ya Glossina morsitans morsitans

Stable ya (Stomoxys calcitrans)

Kuj hu ua yoov yoov, hom no muaj nyob hauv tsev neeg Muscidae thiab, txawm hais tias nws tau faib yuav luag thoob plaws ntiaj teb, nws keeb kwm yog nyob rau hauv Asia thiab Europe. Cov yoov ruaj khov zoo ib yam li lub tsev yoov, nws ntsuas ib ncig ntawm 8 hli thiab tseem cuam tshuam nrog tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu kev ua si, vim nws muaj ntau heev hauv cov chaw ruaj khov thiab cwj mem, yog li nws lub npe.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev huv huv rau nyuj thiab lwm yam tsiaj txhu, txij li ob leeg txiv neej thiab poj niam noj cov ntshav ntawm tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu thiab tuaj yeem ua cov kab mob ntawm ntau yam kab mob thiab kab mob, suav nrog trypanosomes thiab cov Cov kab mob uas ua rau anthrax (Bacillus anthracis), nrog rau lwm yam kab mob xws li brucellosis, mob nees, ntshav ntshav, thiab lwm yam.

Hom yoov - Stable ya (Stomoxys calcitrans)
Hom yoov - Stable ya (Stomoxys calcitrans)

Horseflies (tsev neeg Tabanidae)

Horseflies zoo li yoov tab sis loj dua, uas yog vim li cas lawv feem ntau suav tias yog hom yoov loj. Lawv suav nrog ib pawg ua los ntawm ntau tshaj 1 000 hom ntawm genus Tabanus, nyob rau hauv tsev neeg Tabanidae. Lawv yog cov dipterans uas ntsuas tau ntau tshaj 2 cm ntev thiab paub vim qee hom, ntxiv rau qhov loj, muaj xim av lossis txiv kab ntxwv.

Cov no yog cov tsiaj uas muaj zog thaum nruab hnub thiab, txawm hais tias lawv tuaj yeem tom tib neeg, feem ntau pom lawv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw muaj nyuj, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau mob heev tom nrog hnyav hnyav, txij li Cov Poj Niam yog hematophagous, uas yog, lawv noj cov ntshav, thaum txiv neej noj nectar thiab paj ntoos. Qhov mob ntawm lawv cov sting yog vim qhov tseeb tias lawv lub qhov ncauj tau yoog kom txiav cov tawv nqaij zoo li txiab, yog li lawv ua zoo li cov hniav me me. Hauv daim duab peb pom bovine horsefly.

Discover more Tsiaj txhu pub ntshav nyob rau lwm tshooj no.

Hom yoov - Horseflies (Tsev Neeg Tabanidae)
Hom yoov - Horseflies (Tsev Neeg Tabanidae)

Attic ya (Pollenia rudis)

Cov yoov no yog tsev neeg Polleniidae thiab tau faib tawm nyob rau North America thiab Europe Nws ntev li ntawm 1 cm thiab nws lub npe. yog vim lub fact tias thaum lub sij hawm txias tshaj lub hlis, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab lub caij ntuj no, nws hibernates nyob rau hauv tej chaw xws li attics los yog attics. Nws yog lazier thiab qeeb dua li lwm hom yoov thiab nws yog ib qho uas nws tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke ze ntawm qhov rais lossis hauv qhov chaw sov, vim nws muaj kev nkag siab zoo rau kev hloov pauv hauv siab thiab kub, yog li nws nrhiav chaw nkaum ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thaum nws kub. thiab muaj hnub, nws mus qhib thiab ntoo.

Nyob rau hauv lub larval theem nws pub rau avworms, thaum tus neeg laus attic ya yog herbivorous thiab noj txhua yam ntawm kua txob mus rau paj los yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Hom yoov - Attic fly (Pollenia rudis)
Hom yoov - Attic fly (Pollenia rudis)

Moscardones los yog blowflies (tsev neeg Calliphoridae)

Nyob hauv hom yoov no peb kuj pom cov yoov tshaj cum, tshuab pa, tshuab pa lossis tshuab pa, vim lawv hu ua ntau yam. Lawv yog ib pawg ntawm ntau tshaj 1 000 hom yoov ntawm tsev neeg Calliphoridae thiab yog cosmopolitan, uas yog, lawv tau faib yuav luag txhua qhov chaw hauv ntiaj teb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv tropical and temperate zones Lawv ntev li ntawm 12 lossis 13 hli thiab paub txog lawv cov xim ci ntsa iab xws li xim hlau xim rau xim ntsuab.

Lawv muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj putrefactive thiab decomposing, uas yog vim li cas ntau hom yog siv rau forensic tshuaj, txij li thaum lawv theem ntawm kev loj hlob pab los txiav txim lub sij hawm ntawm kev tuag. Vim yog cov cwj pwm no, yog necrophagous, uas yog, lawv pub rau cov ntaub so ntswg decomposing, thiab ib txhia kuj ua ib qho tseem ceeb pollinators ntawm hom nroj tsuag uas nyiam lawv nrog muaj zog tsw.

Nyob hauv daim duab peb pom lub paj ntsuab Lucilia caesar.

Hom yoov - Bumblebees lossis blowflies (tsev neeg Calliphoridae)
Hom yoov - Bumblebees lossis blowflies (tsev neeg Calliphoridae)

Housefly (Musca domestica)

Yuav tsis muaj kev xyiv fab, ntawm hom yoov uas muaj nyob, paub zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov no. Cov tsiaj no nyob hauv tsev neeg Muscidae thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov yoov tshaj plaws uas peb tuaj yeem pom hauv tsev nyob hauv yuav luag tag nrho lub ntiaj teb. Nws ntsuas ntawm 5 mus rau 8 hli ntev thiab feem ntau pom nws ntawm zaub mov thaum nruab hnub, uas yog thaum nws nquag nquag, thaum hmo ntuj nws so ze ntawm zaub mov.

Lawv tuaj yeem dhau los ua kis kab mob rau tib neeg, txij li thaum lawv tsaws rau zaub mov lawv tuaj yeem tso lawv cov kab mob. Nws tuaj yeem ua tus kab mob parasites, kab mob uas ua rau muaj kab mob xws li salmonellosis, anthrax lossis kab mob cholera, thiab lwm yam, thiab suav tias yog kab tsuag loj dua yoov tshaj cum.

Yog cov kab no feem ntau thab koj lossis koj cov tsiaj thiab koj ntshai tias lawv yuav kis tau qee yam kab mob, nrhiav seb yuav tshem cov yoov li cas kom tsis txhob ua phem rau lawv.

Hom yoov - Tsev ya (Musca domestica)
Hom yoov - Tsev ya (Musca domestica)

Drain yoov (tsev neeg Psychodidae)

Kuj hu ua moisture yoov lossis npauj, lawv yog lwm hom yoov ua los ntawm ntau hom tsiaj uas nyob yuav luag tag nrho lub ntiaj teb, tshwj tsis yog nyob rau thaj tsam txias heev. Cov no yog hom me me uas tsis ntsuas txog li 1 cm. Nws lub cev yog flattened thiab npog nrog villi, li no lub npe "mob". Nws muaj ntau heev nyob rau hauv cov chaw xws li chav dej, cov dej ntws, cov kav dej thiab cov kav dej phwj tuaj, ib txwm muaj cov av noo ntau, qhov twg nws saib nws cov zaub mov los ntawm cov organic seem. Nws yuav luag ib txwm perched, vim nws yog passive heev thiab nws lub davhlau yog qeeb.

Cov yoov me me no tsis tsim kev phom sij rau tib neeg, txawm tias lwm cov tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg Psychodidae tuaj yeem ua tus kab mob, ib yam li cov tswv cuab ntawm Phlebotominae subfamily, uas kis tau tus kab mob leishmaniasis.

Hom yoov - Drain yoov (tsev neeg Psychodidae)
Hom yoov - Drain yoov (tsev neeg Psychodidae)

Txiv hmab txiv ntoo los yog txiv kab ntxwv ya (Drosophila melanogaster)

Ib tug tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg Drosophilidae, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yoov kuj yog ib hom zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Nws lub npe yog vim lub fact tias nws pub thiab reproduces nyob rau hauv fermenting txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nws yog ib hom tsiaj tsis ntev tshaj 3 hli, nrog rau tus yam ntxwv liab ob lub qhov muag thiab lub cev dajnrog rau ib feem ntawm lub plab tsaus nti. Vim nws lub neej luv luv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm caj ces, hom yoov no tau siv rau ntau xyoo hauv kev tshawb fawb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov teb xws li kev loj hlob biology thiab noob caj noob ces. Vim li no, nws thiaj suav tias yog lub cev qauv, uas yog, nws yog siv los kawm thiab nkag siab txog ntau yam txheej txheem yooj yim ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lwm yam kab mob.

Hom yoov - Txiv hmab txiv ntoo los yog vinegar ya (Drosophila melanogaster)
Hom yoov - Txiv hmab txiv ntoo los yog vinegar ya (Drosophila melanogaster)

Ntuj ya (Sarcophaga carnaria)

Cov hom no belongs rau tsev neeg Sarcophagidae thiab tau muab faib rau hauv Central thiab Northern Europe, Txawm hais tias nws muaj nyob rau hauv lwm thaj chaw. Nws yog qhov loj dua li lwm hom yoov, raws li nws muaj peev xwm ntsuas txog li 1.5 cm ntev, thiab nws yog qhov zoo rau cov xim ntawm nws lub cev, uas yog xim hlau grey. Nws lub npe yog vim nws tus cwj pwm noj, txij li cov yoov no nyob ntawm cov nqaij decomposing, qhov chaw nws rov tsim dua thiab cov larvae loj hlob, ua ntau zaus thaum lub caij ntuj sov.

Nws lub davhlau ceev ceev thiab muaj lub suab nrov heev thiab suav tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob, vim hais tias, feem ntau, lawv yog ib qho ntawm thawj zaug mus txog thaum muaj nqaij rot. thiab/los yog poob. Nws muaj ntau heev nyob rau hauv tej chaw xws li slaughterhouses, khib nyiab pov tseg thiab nyob txhua qhov chaw uas decomposing organic teeb meem accumulates.

Hom yoov - nqaij yoov (Sarcophaga carnaria)
Hom yoov - nqaij yoov (Sarcophaga carnaria)

Lwm hom yoov

Txawm hais tias cov saum toj no yog hom yoov tshaj plaws lossis nrov tshaj plaws, lawv tsis yog tib leeg xwb, vim peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias pawg no muaj ntau txhiab hom. Nov yog qee hom yoov ntxiv:

  • Npoo borer ya (Pantophthalmus spp.)
  • Mediterranean txiv hmab txiv ntoo ya (Ceratitis capitata)
  • Lesser tsev ya (Fannia canicularis)
  • Sand ya (Phlebotomus spp.)
  • Horn fly (Haematobia irritans)
  • Drone ya (Eristalis tenax)
  • Crane ya (Tipula paludosa)
  • Paj ya (Syrphus ribesi i)
  • Tiger ya (Eristalinus taeniops)
  • Flying fly (Volucella pellucens)
  • Thick-legged hoverfly (Syritta pipiens)
  • Yellow fly (Laphria flava)
  • Yellow bumblebee ya (Bombylius loj)
  • Stiletto ya (Neoitamus cyanurus)
  • Hoverfly (Merodon equestris)

Duab hom yoov

Pom zoo: