Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus, belongs rau tsev neeg Felidae) yog tus feline uas tau muab cais ua tus Nws yog qhov kawg rau Iberian Peninsula, qhov twg nws cov pej xeem nyob rau ntawm brink ntawm extinction. Tam sim no, nws pawg kev hem thawj tau raug txo qis los ntawm "Citically Endangered" mus rau "Endangered", uas txuas ntxiv ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb, vim nws cov pej xeem tsis tau rov qab los thiab tsuas yog pom nws nyob rau ob peb qhov chaw hauv nws cheeb tsam ntawm kev faib tawm.. Nws yog hom tsiaj uas nkag siab zoo rau kev hloov pauv ntawm nws ib puag ncig thiab, dhau los, tshwj xeeb ntawm nws cov khoom noj, vim nws nruj me ntsis nyob ntawm tus luav qus.
Yog koj xav paub seb tus Iberian lynx puas raug kev puas tsuaj, yog vim li cas thiab cov phiaj xwm rov qab los muaj, txuas ntxiv nyeem tsab xov xwm no ntawm peb lub xaib thiab peb yuav qhia koj txhua yam txog nws.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Iberian lynx
Iberian lynx yog ib hom tsiaj tshwj xeeb heev vim nws qhov tsos, uas muaj cov yam ntxwv uas ua rau nws muaj kev ntxim nyiam heev:
- Nws yog ib tug feline, nrog ob txhais ceg ntev, uas yog hais txog 80 mus rau ntau tshaj 100 cm.
- It has a Tawny coat ntawm cov xim xim av nrog cov pob uas sib txawv ntawm txhua tus neeg thiab tso cai rau nws sib xyaw zoo kawg nkaus hauv cov hav txwv yeem.. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj ntau txheej nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov plaub hau (zoo, nruab nrab thiab tuab mesh).
- Nws lub taub hau me me thiab muaj lub ntsej muag muaj lub ntsej muag , uas ntev dua rau cov txiv neej thiab tshwm sim nrog hnub nyoog.
- Nws pob ntseg elongated thiab daim duab peb sab, xaus nrog cov plaub hau, uas ntev dua rau poj niam.
- His tail is striking, since it is thiab xaus rau hauv lub tassel ntawm cov plaub dub, uas nws tuav upright nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ceeb toom.
- Nws ob txhais ceg muaj zog thiab muaj plaub ntiv taw retractable claws uas tso cai rau nws tuav mus rau nws prey.
- Nws tsis hloov mus rau ib puag ncig uas tsis yog nws tus kheej, uas yog vim li cas nws txoj sia nyob yuav nyuaj dua.
- Raws li nws txoj kev noj haus, tus Iberian lynx tus nyiam prey yog cov tsiaj qus luav (Oryctolagus cuniculus), yog li nws nyob nruj me ntsis raws li biology ntawm hom no kom ciaj sia.
- Nws yog ib tug ib thaj chaw thiab ib leeg, uas sib sau nrog lwm tus neeg tsuas yog thaum lub caij yug me nyuam.
- Cov neeg laus tiv thaiv thaj tsam li 4 km2 siv olfactory markings los txwv lwm tus neeg ntawm tib hom poj niam txiv neej.
Iberian lynx nyob qhov twg?
Raws li peb tau hais, lub Iberian lynx is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula, uas yog, nws tsuas muaj nyob rau ntawd. Txawm li cas los xij, nws thaj chaw tau raug txo los ntawm 99% hauv 50 xyoo dhau los, txij li nws tau mus los ntawm kev tuav qee qhov 58,000 km2 hauv kaum xyoo ntawm 50s, mus txog ze li ntawm 350 km2 hauv 2000. Hauv kaum xyoo ntawm 90, nws thaj chaw tsuas yog them xwb. 50 thaj chaw, uas nyob rau hauv lem tau muab faib ua 10 subpopulations, qhov twg nyob ib ncig ntawm 1,000 tus neeg. Tam sim no, nws thaj chaw txwv lossis qhov loj ntawm nws cov pej xeem tsis paub meej, tab sis xyoo 2017 nyob ib puag ncig 500 lynxes tau kwv yees, thaum kawg ntawm 2019 muaj ntau dua 800 faib rau cov pej xeem tam sim no hauv thaj chaw ntawm Extremadura, Andalusia (nrog qhov loj tshaj plaws. tus naj npawb ntawm cov tib neeg), Castilla-La Mancha thiab hauv qee thaj chaw ntawm Portugal.
Nws ib puag ncig yog , vim nws nyob ntawm no qhov twg nws tua nws cov tsiaj nyav (luav) thiab qhov twg nws nrhiav tej qhov tsua uas nws siv ua lair. Feem ntau, nws zam qhov chaw qhib, thaj chaw ua liaj ua teb lossis thaj chaw hav zoov, tshwj tsis yog thaum nws yog lub caij yug me nyuam, uas tuaj yeem tuav cov chaw nyob. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws qhov chaw nyob hauv txoj kev loj thiab hauv nroog.
Vim li cas Iberian lynx thiaj raug kev ploj tuag?
Iberian lynx yog ib qho ntawm cov tsiaj uas muaj kev phom sij tshaj plaws hauv Spain. Muaj ntau yam ua rau muaj kev poob qis hauv Iberian lynx cov pejxeem thiab uas tau ua rau cov tsiaj no tam sim no nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm "muaj kev phom sij", raws li cov IUCN[1] Tom ntej no, peb yuav qhia rau koj txog cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws:
- Kev hloov pauv ntawm thaj chaw scrub mus rau thaj chaw ua liaj ua teb thiab hav zoov, uas ua rau poob ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov tsiaj no, nrog rau kev hloov pauv loj hauv cov qauv ntawm ib puag ncig.
- Fragmentation ntawm nws cov chaw nyob: lynx xav tau qhov chaw uas sib cais los ntawm ib leeg, txij li lub fragmentation ntawm Mediterranean txhuam nws txo qis. lub caij nyoog uas cov neeg coob coob yuav muaj nyob. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov poob ntawm lawv ib puag ncig nyiam qhov kev tuag ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas lynxes thaum lawv tsiv mus rau lwm qhov chaw.
- : Tus tsiaj no yog nyob ntawm tus luav, thiab ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb vim li cas Iberian lynx nyob hauv txaus ntshai ntawm extinction yog, precisely, lub disappearance ntawm luav nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas nws yav tas los nyob, kuj tsim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab transformation ntawm cov cheeb tsam. Lub lynx yog ib tug neeg yos hav zoov zoo heev, zoo li txhua tus felines, thiab nws tau raug pom tias lawv tuaj yeem tua cov tsiaj loj dua xws li cov mos lwj, txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib tus kws tshaj lij thaum nws los ntes cov tsiaj qus, ib hom tsiaj uas ua rau nws cov zaub mov noj. 90% thiab tsis muaj pov thawj scientific uas taw qhia rau lwm tus tsiaj uas hloov cov luav thaum lawv tsis tshua muaj. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tus luav yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus ntawm Mediterranean scrublands, txij li qee qhov 40 hom tsiaj pub rau tus tsiaj no, thiab nyob rau xyoo tsis ntev los no ntau cov kab mob tau ua rau cov neeg luav qus poob qis heev.
- : Hmoov tsis zoo, kev yos hav zoov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tuag ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas lynx thaum lawv tawg, uas yog, thaum sib ncaim niam thiab txiv.
- Txoj kev raug xwm txheej: lawv kuj ua rau lwm qhov ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm lynx thiab uas tau dhau los ntau xyoo dhau los.
Nrog tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv no ntawm Iberian lynx nyob rau hauv kev txaus ntshai ntawm kev ploj tuag, cia peb saib hauv qab no cov phiaj xwm muaj nyob rau nws txoj kev cawm seej.
Txiv neej Iberian lynx
Tam sim no koj paub tias yog vim li cas Iberian lynx muaj kev phom sij ntawm kev ploj tuag, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau nug koj tus kheej: "Yuav ua li cas thiaj cawm tau cov tsiaj no". Tom qab qhov ze ze ntawm cov tsiaj ploj lawm, kev ntsuas tau raug coj mus rau xyoo tsis ntev los no los tiv thaiv thiab txuag Iberian lynx, thiab qee qhov ntawm lawv yog:
- Planes for its conservation: Lub Iberian lynx yog ib hom kev hem thawj nyob rau Spain thiab ploj mus hauv Portugal. Nws yog ib hom tsiaj uas nws tiv thaiv muaj zog heev nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe ua tsaug rau Bern Convention, thiab nws tau teev raws li ib tug endangered hom nyob rau hauv lub International Convention on Trade nyob rau hauv qus hom ntawm Endangered Fauna thiab Flora (CITES). Rau tag nrho cov laj thawj no, muaj ntau yam haujlwm uas xav txog nws txoj kev txuag, xws li LIFE tej yaam num.
- Captive breeding: there are ex situ conservation programs that aims to conserve the species sab nraum nws natural space, mas nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm yuav muaj peev xwm tuav tau ib tug noj qab nyob zoo thiab siv tau cov noob caj noob ces nyob rau hauv captivity.
- Reintroduction of the species: aims to be able to be able to be able to release captive-bred individuals in order to strengthen the wild lynx populations and li cas lawv genetic viable thaum muaj variability.
- Prey recovery plans tseem ceeb: tseem muaj kev npaj yuav rov qab tau tus luav qus thiab yog li no thiaj cawm tau cov tsiaj no nyob rau thaj chaw no xws li kev tuav zaub mov saw thiab muab zaub mov rau Iberian lynx thiab lwm hom.
- Creation of green corridors so that the lynxes (and the rest of the fauna) can move more safely and avoid future run overs.
- Txhob tshawb fawb ntawm cov tsiaj no thiab tsim ntau cov kev pab cuam los tiv thaiv tej chaw ntuj.
Tam sim no, yog tias koj xav paub tias koj tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv Iberian lynx los ntawm kev puas tsuaj, peb xav kom koj sab laj tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov phiaj xwm kev txuag rau cov hom kom pom tias muaj peev xwm nqa tau. tawm ib tug volunteer. Ib yam li ntawd, kev ua txhua hnub xws li rov ua dua kom raug thiab siv cov khoom lag luam ruaj khov kuj pab tau qhov no thiab lwm yam tsiaj uas raug hem. Saib lwm tsab xov xwm no kom paub ntau ntxiv: "Yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv cov tsiaj muaj sia?".
