Kab yog hexapod arthropods, yog li ntawd, lawv lub cev muab faib ua lub taub hau, thorax thiab lub plab mog. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv txhua tus muaj rau ceg thiab ob khub tis uas tawm ntawm lub thorax. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li peb yuav pom tom qab, cov appendages sib txawv hauv txhua pab pawg. Qhov tseeb, ua ke nrog cov kav hlau txais xov thiab lub qhov ncauj, lawv tso cai rau koj kom yooj yim sib txawv ntawm cov kab sib txawv uas muaj nyob.
Cov tsiaj no muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab muaj nyob ib ncig ntawm ib lab hom. Txawm li cas los xij, nws xav tias feem ntau tseem tsis tau pom dua. Koj puas xav paub lawv ntau dua? Hauv tsab xov xwm no ntawm peb lub xaib peb muab cov yuam sij rau koj kom sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv hom kab, nrog rau lawv cov yam ntxwv thiab cov npe.
Vim lawv qhov sib txawv loj heev, kev faib cov kab muaj ntau pawg. Vim li no, peb yuav tsom mus rau qhov paub zoo tshaj plaws thiab ntau hom kab. Cov no yog cov lus txib nram qab no:
- Odonatos
- Isoptera
- Hemiptera
- Coleoptera
- Hymenoptera
Odonatos (Order Odonata)
Odonates is one of the most beautiful insects in the world. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog ntau dua 3,500 hom tsiaj uas tau muab faib thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Lawv yog cov dragonflies (infraorder Anisoptera) thiab damselflies (suborder Zygoptera), cov kab tua kab. nrog dej nymphs (hluas).
Odonata muaj ob khub membranous tis thiab non-locomotor ob txhais ceg uas yog siv los ntes cov tsiaj nyeg thiab cling rau substrate, tab sis tsis mus taug kev. Lawv ob lub qhov muag yog qhov sib xyaw thiab tshwm sim sib cais hauv cov seahorses thiab ze heev ua ke hauv cov kab npauj npaim. Tus cwj pwm no tso cai rau lawv sib txawv.
Piv txwv odonate kab
Qee hom kab uas koom nrog pawg no yog:
- Blue damselfly (Calopterix virgo)
- Emperor Dragonfly (Anax imperator)
- Tsov Ntsuag (Cordulegaster boltoni)
Orthoptera (Orthoptera)
pab pawg no yog cov tsawb thiab crickets, uas muaj ntau tshaj 20,000 hom. Txawm hais tias lawv pom yuav luag txhua qhov chaw hauv ntiaj teb, lawv nyiam thaj chaw sov thiab caij nyoog. Nyob rau hauv lawv, ob leeg hluas thiab cov neeg laus noj cov nroj tsuag. Lawv yog cov tsiaj ametabolous uas tsis dhau metamorphosis, txawm tias lawv ua los.
Peb tuaj yeem qhia tau yooj yim ntawm cov tsiaj no sib nrug vim tias lawv cov forewings yog ib feem tawv tawv (tegminae) thiab lawv ob txhais ceg loj thiab muaj zog, zoo haum rau kev dhia. Feem ntau, lawv muaj xim ntsuab los yog xim av uas pab lawv camouflage lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig uas nyob ib puag ncig lawv thiab nkaum los ntawm cov neeg coob coob uas nyob tos lawv.
Piv txwv ntawm orthoptera kab
Qee yam piv txwv ntawm cov nyom nyom thiab kab civliv yog:
- Green Grasshopper (Tettigoria viridissima)
- Pink Grasshopper (Euconocephalus thunbergii)
- Mole cricket (Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa)
Termites (Order Isoptera)
Pab pawg termites suav nrog txog 2 500 hom, txhua yam ntau heev. Feem ntau, cov kab no pub rau ntoo, txawm tias lawv tuaj yeem noj lwm cov tshuaj cog. Lawv nyob hauv cov termite mounds loj uas tsim ntawm ntoo lossis hauv av thiab muaj cov txheej txheem nyuaj tshaj plaws paub.
Lawv cev nqaij daim tawv nyob ntawm cov castes sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv txhua tus muaj lub kav hlau txais xov loj, ob txhais ceg locomotory, thiab lub plab segmented rau hauv 11 qhov chaw. Raws li rau lub tis, lawv tsuas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thawj spawners. Tag nrho cov castes yog wingless kab.
Qee hom kab ntsig yog:
- Dampwood Termite (Kalotermes flavicollis)
- Canarian drywood termite (Cryptotermes brevis)
Hemiptera (Order Hemiptera)
Cov kab no xa mus rau bug (suborder Heteroptera) thiab aphids, scale kab. thiab cicadas (Homoptera). Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj ntau tshaj li 80,000 hom, ua rau nws muaj ntau haiv neeg pawg uas muaj xws li cov kab dej, phytophagous predators, thiab txawm cov kab mob nqus ntshav.
Cov kab txaj muaj hemielytra, uas yog, lawv cov forewings nyuaj ntawm lub hauv paus thiab membranous ntawm lub apex. Homoptera, txawm li cas los xij, muaj tag nrho lawv cov tis membranous. Feem ntau muaj cov kav hlau txais xov tsim tau zoo thiab tom qab nqus qhov ncauj.
Piv txwv hemiptera kab
Nyob hauv pab pawg loj no peb tuaj yeem nrhiav tau hom xws li hauv qab no:
- Beaked bug (Triatoma infestans)
- Black aphid (Aphis fabae)
- Cicada orni
- Shield kab laum (Carpocoris fuscispinus)
Lepidoptera (Order Lepidoptera)
Pab pawg Lepidoptera suav nrog ntau dua 165,000 hom butterflies thiab npauj. Nws yog ib qho ntawm ntau hom kab thiab ntau hom kab. Cov neeg laus noj nectar thiab yog pollinators, hos cov larvae (caterpillars) yog herbivores.
Ntawm lawv cov yam ntxwv, lawv cov metamorphosis nyuaj sawv tawm (lawv yog holometabolous), lawv cov tis membranous npog nrog nplai thiab lawv lub cev ntsuj plig. Qhov no yog ib lub qhov ncauj elongated heev uas lawv khaws coil thaum lawv tsis pub.
Piv txwv kab kab Lepidoptera
Qee hom butterflies thiab npauj yog:
- Atlas npauj npaim (Attacus atlas)
- Emperor npauj npaim (Thysania agrippina)
- Skull sphinx npauj (Acherontia atropos)
Beetles (Order Coleoptera)
Coleoptera los yog beetles yog cov kab ntau ntau thiab ntau hom kab. Muaj kwv yees 370,000 paub hom! Ntawm lawv, muaj kab ntau ntau yam li tus mos lwj ya (Lucanus cervus) lossis ladybugs (Coccinellidae).
Lub ntsiab yam ntxwv ntawm hom kab no yog tias nws cov forewings yog kiag li sclerotized thiab hu ua elytra. Cov no npog thiab tiv thaiv ob khub tis, uas yog membranous thiab pab ya. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub elytra yog qhov tseem ceeb los tswj lub davhlau.
Diptera (Order Diptera)
Lawv yog cov flies, yoov tshaj cum thiab horseflies, uas coj los ua ke ntau tshaj 122,000 hom kab thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Cov kab no tau dhau los ua metamorphosis thaum lawv lub neej voj voog thiab cov neeg laus noj cov kua dej (nectar, ntshav, thiab lwm yam), yog li lawv muaj lub qhov ncauj licking-sucking.
Nws tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog kev hloov pauv ntawm nws cov tis hind rau hauv cov qauv hu ua rocker caj npab. Lub forewings yog membranous thiab nrov plig plawg mus ya, thaum lub rocker caj npab tso cai rau lawv kom muaj nuj nqis thiab tswj kev ya davhlau.
Piv txwv ntawm Diptera Kab
Qee yam piv txwv ntawm kab uas koom nrog pawg no yog:
- Tiger mosquito (Aedes albopicus)
- Tsetse ya (genus Glossina)
Hymenoptera (Order Hymenoptera)
Hymenoptera yog cov ants, wasps, bees and symphytes. Nws yog pawg kab thib ob loj tshaj plaws, nrog rau 200,000 hom piav qhia. Ntau hom muaj kev sib raug zoo thiab koom ua ke hauv castes. Lwm tus yog nyob ib leeg thiab feem ntau parasiteid.
Tshwj tsis yog nyob rau hauv lub symphytus, thawj ntu ntawm lub plab yog txuas nrog lub thorax, uas tso cai rau lawv mus zoo heev. Raws li rau nws lub qhov ncauj, nws yog zom rau hauv cov tsiaj nyeg, xws li wasps, lossis licking-sucking nyob rau hauv cov uas pub rau nectar, xws li ntau hom muv. Tag nrho cov kab no muaj cov leeg muaj zog tis thiab cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav loj uas tso cai rau lawv sib txuas lus nrog kev ua haujlwm siab.
Piv txwv hymenopteran kab
Qee hom pom nyob rau hauv pawg kab no loj yog:
- Asian bee (Vespa velutina)
- Potter Wasps (Eumeninae)
- Pollen Wasps (Masarinae)
Nkauj kab tsis muaj tis
Thaum pib ntawm tsab xov xwm peb tau hais tias txhua kab muaj ob khub ntawm tis, txawm li cas los xij, raws li peb tau pom, ntau hom kab no tau hloov pauv ua rau lwm yam kabmob, xws li elytra los yog rocker caj npab.
Tseem muaj cov kab tsis muaj tis, yog lawv tsis muaj tis. Nws yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws cov txheej txheem evolutionary. Qhov no yog vim ob lub tis thiab cov qauv tsim nyog rau lawv txoj kev txav mus los (tis cov leeg lossis cov tshuab hydraulic) xav tau ntau lub zog. Yog li ntawd, thaum tsis xav tau, lawv zoo li ploj mus, cia lub zog no siv rau lwm lub hom phiaj.
Piv txwv tsis muaj kab
Cov kab tis tsis paub zoo tshaj plaws yog cov kab ntau tshaj plaws ants thiab termites, nyob rau hauv cov tis tsuas tshwm rau cov neeg laus uas lawv tawm mus tsim tshiab cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus txiav txim seb puas los yog tsis tis tshwm yog cov khoom noj uas muab rau cov larvae: nws yog hais txog epigenetics. Ntawd yog, cov noob caj noob ces txoj cai rau cov tsos ntawm tis muaj nyob rau hauv lawv cov genome tab sis, nyob ntawm seb hom kev pub noj thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob, lawv cov lus yog suppressed los yog qhib.
Qee hom Hemiptera thiab Coleoptera muaj lawv cov tis hloov thiab txuas mus tas li rau lawv lub cev, yog li lawv ya tsis tau. Lwm hom kab, xws li kev txiav txim Zygentoma, tsis muaj tis thiab yog cov kab tsis muaj tseeb. Ib qho piv txwv yog moisture bugs los yog silverfish (Lepisma saccharina).
Lwm hom kab
Raws li peb tau hais dhau los, muaj ntau hom kab uas nyuaj heev rau npe rau lawv txhua tus. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv nqe lus no peb muab koj cov ntsiab lus hais txog lwm pab pawg tsawg dua lossis tsis paub ntau dua:
. Lawv yog earwigs, kab uas nyob hauv thaj chaw ntub thiab muaj appendages (cerci) zoo li pincers tom kawg ntawm lub plab.
. Mantids yog tsiaj zoo kawg nkaus yoog mus rau predation. Lawv cov ceg pem hauv ntej yog tshwj xeeb hauv kev nyiag khoom thiab muaj peev xwm sib xyaw nrog lawv ib puag ncig.
