The metamorphosis, hauv zoology, muaj kev hloov pauv los ntawm qee yam tsiaj uas lawv dhau los ntawm ib daim ntawv mus rau lwm qhov, tsis tu ncua kev vam meej, txij thaum yug mus rau neeg laus. Nws yog ib feem ntawm koj biological development thiab cuam tshuam tsis yog koj lub cev, tab sis kuj yog koj tus cwj pwm thiab kev ua neej.
Nyob hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav piav qhia txog yam twg yog tsiaj uas raug metamorphosis hauv lawv txoj kev loj hlob, kuj piav qhia txog theem ntawm metamorphosis lossis hom metamorphosis muaj dab tsi. Nyeem rau thiab paub txhua yam txog cov txheej txheem no!
metamorphosis yog dab tsi?
Kom nkag siab zoo dua lo lus "metamorphosis" txhais tau tias, peb yuav tsum paub nws etymology Lo lus derived los ntawm Greek thiab yog tsim los. ntawm cov lus hauv qab no: meta (dhau), morphé (daim duab lossis daim ntawv) thiab -osis (hloov lub xeev), yog li ntawd, nws yuav yog kev hloov pauv ntawm ib lub caij mus rau lwm qhov.
Yog li,
metamorphosis nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj yog ib tug tam sim ntawd thiab irreversible hloov nyob rau hauv lub physiology, morphology thiab cwj pwm Nws yog ib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm ib tug tsiaj uas sib haum mus rau lub passage ntawm larval daim ntawv mus rau ib tug hluas los yog laus daim ntawv. Nws cuam tshuam rau kab, qee tus ntses thiab qee qhov amphibians, tab sis tsis yog tsiaj txhu.
theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev yug me nyuam ntawm tus me nyuam mos, tsis tuaj yeem tsim kev sib deev mus txog thaum nws cov menyuam yaus lossis cov laus, hu ua " imago " los yog "Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tshwm sim ntawm metamorphosis tsis yog tsuas yog superficial, tab sis kuj muaj kev hloov pauv loj heev hauv tus tsiaj, xws li:
Nkauj kho siab rau ib puag ncig tshiab
Types of metamorphosis
Tam sim no koj paub tias metamorphosis yog dab tsi, peb mam li piav qhia seb hom twg muaj nyob. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum paub tias, thaum nyob hauv kab muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm qib cellular, hauv amphibians nws cuam tshuam txog kev hloov pauv ntawm tus tsiaj cov ntaub so ntswg, yog li nws yog hais txog Tshawb nrhiav hauv qab no qhov sib txawv ntawm ob kab metamorphosis thiab nws txawv ntawm amphibian metamorphosis:
Metamorphosis in kab
Peb tau pom nyob rau hauv kab ob hom metamorphosis, tsis zoo li amphibians, uas tsuas undergo ib tug. Tom ntej no peb yuav piav qhia seb lawv muaj li cas:
- Hemimetabolism: nws kuj yog hu ua yooj yim, yooj yim los yog tsis tiav metamorphosis. Nyob rau hauv hom metamorphosis no, tus neeg tsis muaj lub sijhawm "pupa", uas yog, nws tsis muaj lub sijhawm tsis ua haujlwm. Nws pub tas li, yog li nce nws qhov loj me, kom txog thaum nws ncav cuag nws cov neeg laus. Nyob rau tib hom, txhua lub neej daim ntawv muaj nws tus kheej adaptation rau ib puag ncig. Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov tsiaj uas raug kev txom nyem hemimetabolism yog lobsters lossis bedbugs.
- Holometabolism: tseem hu ua tiav lossis nyuaj metamorphosis. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, peb soj ntsuam ob peb theem sib txawv thiab lawv tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lub pupal theem (uas yuav kav lub lis piam los yog txawm xyoo, nyob ntawm seb hom) mus txog rau thaum yug ntawm imago. Peb pom ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov pom ntawm tus neeg. Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov tsiaj uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm holometabolism yog npauj npaim, yoov tshaj cum, muv los yog kab.
- Ametabolism: Kuj hu ua "Ametabolism", nws hais txog kab thiab arthropods uas, thaum lawv mus txog rau theem nymphal, muaj qee qhov zoo sib xws rau daim ntawv neeg laus. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj metamorphosis, nws yog kev nthuav dav. Qee qhov examples yog nab thiab kab.
Hauv kab, metamorphosis yog tswj los ntawm "ecdysone", ib qho tshuaj steroid uas tsis muaj cov tshuaj hormones menyuam yaus thiab uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov cim larval hauv tus tsiaj lub cev. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ib qho teeb meem loj zuj zus: ntau yam tshuaj tua kab muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo ib yam li cov menyuam yaus cov tshuaj hormones, kom lawv xaus rau kev tiv thaiv metamorphosis ntawm tus neeg los ntawm inhibiting lawv.
Metamorphosis hauv amphibians
"Metamorphosis hauv amphibians yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid hormones. (Gudernatsch, 1912) Kev paub qhia tias kev hloov cov thyroid lossis thyroid kho ua rau metamorphosis."
In the metamorphosis of amphibians we observe ib yam zoo sib xws nrog cov kab, txij thaum lawv kuj mus txog theem larval (tadpole) thiab ib pupal theem (tadpole nrog nqua) ua ntej yug tus imago, uas yuav yog tus neeg laus lub xeev. Qhov ntau example is the Qav.
Tom qab "prometamorphosis" theem, thaum cov tsiaj cov ntiv taw pom, ib qho membrane interdigital hu ua xibtes txuas lawv los tsim cov paddle-zoo li tus pas da dej. Tom qab ntawd, cov tshuaj hu ua "pituitary" dhau los ntawm cov hlab ntsha mus rau cov thyroid. Lub sijhawm ntawd, nws txhawb kev tsim cov tshuaj hormone thyroxine T4 uas ua kom tiav metamorphosis
Tom ntej no peb yuav qhia koj seb cov theem ntawm metamorphosis tshwm sim raws li txhua hom.
Phases of simple metamorphosis
Yuav kom nkag siab qhov yooj yim lossis tsis tiav metamorphosis, peb yuav qhia koj piv txwv ntawm metamorphosis ntawm nyom nyomNws yog yug los ntawm ib tug fertile qe thiab pib loj hlob zuj zus, tsis mus dhau ib theem chrysalis. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem nws tsis muaj tis, raws li lawv yuav tshwm sim tom qab, raws li nws evolves. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, nws tsis yog poj niam deev hluas mus txog thaum nws mus txog rau nws cov laus.
Phases of tiav metamorphosis in kab
ZOM ZAUB METAMORPHOSSE Peb muaj Chosamorphosis uas peb tau xaiv, ib lub qe fertile, uas hatches rau hauv kab ntsig. Tus neeg no yuav pub thiab loj hlob, kom txog thaum cov tshuaj hormones pib ua rau theem hloov. Kab ntsig yuav pib qhwv nws tus kheej nrog cov xov uas nws zais nws tus kheej, mus txog thaum nws tsim cov chrysalis uas npog nws tag.
Nyob lub sij hawm no uas tsis muaj kev tshwm sim, tus kab ntsig yuav pib rov nqus nws cov menyuam yaus hauv nruab nrog cev thiab hloov nws lub cev, tsim ob txhais ceg thiab tis. Nws tuaj yeem kav hnub lossis lub lis piam. Thaum kawg, tus pupa yuav qhib, muab txoj hauv kev rau tus neeg laus npauj npaim.
Phases of metamorphosis in amphibians
Qhia cov theem ntawm metamorphosis nyob rau hauv amphibians, peb tau xaiv qav metamorphosisQav qe yog fertilized hauv dej, thaum lawv yog surrounded los ntawm ib tug gelatinous loj uas tiv thaiv lawv. Lawv yuav loj hlob mus txog rau thaum lub larvae tag nrho tsim thiab ces tus tadpole yuav yug los, uas muaj lub taub hau thiab tus Tsov tus tw. Raws li tadpole pub thiab hloov zuj zus, nws yuav pib tsim ob txhais ceg thiab, dhau sijhawm, daim duab ntawm tus qav laus. Thaum kawg, thaum poob tus Tsov tus tw, nws yuav suav hais tias yog ib tug neeg laus thiab kev sib daj sib deev Qav.
Cov tsiaj twg muaj metamorphosis?
Kom tiav, peb qhia koj ib feem ntawm pawg zoological ntawm tsiaj uas raug metamorphosis hauv lawv txoj kev loj hlob:
- Lyssamphibians
- Anuros
- Urodeles
- Arthropods
- Crustaceans
- Echinoderms
- Mollusks (tsuas yog cephalopods)
- Agnathes
- Salmoniform Ntses
- Eelfishes
- Pleuronectiformes Fishes
