Hermaphroditism yog ib lub tswv yim zoo tshaj plaws rau kev yug me nyuam vim nws muaj nyob rau hauv cov vertebrates tsawg heev. Ua ib qho kev tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj, nws sows ntau qhov kev tsis ntseeg nyob ib puag ncig nws. Txhawm rau pab daws cov kev tsis txaus siab ntawm peb lub xaib peb tau npaj tsab xov xwm no, kom nws nkag siab tias vim li cas qee hom tsiaj tau tsim tus cwj pwm no. Peb yuav pom nws txawv piv txwv ntawm hermaphrodite tsiaj.
Thawj qhov uas peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov thaum tham txog cov tswv yim sib txawv ntawm kev sib deev yog qhov kev sib deev yog qhov uas txhua yam kab mob nrhiav. Self-fertilization is a resource that hermaphrodites have, but not its purpose.
Ua ntej, nkag siab cov lus
Kom piav qhia txog kev yug me nyuam ntawm hermaphrodite tsiaj, peb yuav qhia qee cov ntsiab lus:
- Macho: muaj txiv neej gametes.
- Pemale: Muaj poj niam gametes.
- Mermaphrodite: muaj txiv neej gametes thiab poj niam gametes.
- Gametes: lawv yog cov noob qes uas nqa cov ntaub ntawv caj ces, phev thiab qe.
- Cross fertilization: ob tug neeg (ib tug txiv neej thiab ib tug poj niam) pauv gametes nrog cov ntaub ntawv genetic.
- Self-fertilization: tib tug tib neeg fertilizes nws poj niam gametes nrog nws cov txiv neej gametes.
In yog sib tov cov ntaub ntawv caj ces ntawm ob tug tsiaj. Self-fertilization ua rau ob lub gametes nrog rau tib yam genetic information sib tov, ua rau ib tug neeg. zoo ib yam, nyob rau hauv tus ntoo khaub lig no tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm kev txhim kho caj ces thiab lawv cov xeeb ntxwv feem ntau tsis muaj zog. Txoj kev ua menyuam yaus no feem ntau yog siv los ntawm pawg tsiaj nrog qeeb locomotion, uas nws nyuaj rau sib koom nrog lwm cov qauv ntawm tib hom. Wb muab peb tus kheej tso rau hauv qhov xwm txheej nrog piv txwv ntawm tus tsiaj hermaphrodite:
Ib tug tsiaj faus av, uas yog faus rau qhov muag tsis pom kev los ntawm cov txheej humus. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev yug me nyuam tuaj txog, nws tsis pom lwm cov qauv ntawm nws cov tsiaj nyob qhov twg. Thiab thaum kawg nws pom nws, nws mus thiab nws yog tib yam poj niam txiv neej, yog li ntawd lawv tsis tuaj yeem tsim dua tshiab. Txhawm rau zam qhov teeb meem no, lawv tau tsim lub peev xwm nqa ob leeg poj niam hauv lawv, yog li thaum lawv sib yuav, ob tus kab mob tawm fertilized. Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej uas nws tsis pom lwm tus neeg hauv nws lub neej, nws tuaj yeem ua rau nws tus kheej fertilize kom muaj sia nyob ntawm hom
Kuv vam tias nrog qhov piv txwv no nws yuav nkag siab tias hermaphroditism yog ib qho cuab yeej los ua ob npaug ntawm txoj kev hla kev fertilization thiab tsis yog cov cuab yeej ua rau nws tus kheej.
Hmoob hermaphrodite animal and their reproduction
Hauv qab no, peb qhia cov npe ntawm hermaphrodite tsiaj, ob peb yam piv txwv kom nkag siab zoo txog hom kev yug me nyuam:
Lawv muaj ob leeg poj niam txiv neej tib lub sijhawm thiab, yog li ntawd, thoob plaws hauv lawv lub neej lawv tau tsim ob lub cev xeeb tub. Thaum nkawv sib yuav lawm ces ob tug cab fertilized ces tso ib lub hnab qe.
Like earthworms sor permanent hermaphrodites.
Nkauj
Lawv feem ntau yog txiv neej thaum ntxov thiab poj niam thaum muaj hnub nyoog laus.
Lawv kuj muaj sexual alternation, thiab tam sim no lub koom haum Aquaculture ntawm University of Santiago de Compostela tab tom kawm txog yam uas ua rau kev sib deev. hloov. Hauv daim duab koj tuaj yeem pom scallop uas koj tuaj yeem pom gonad. Lub gonad yog "lub hnab" uas muaj cov gametes. Hauv qhov no, ib nrab yog txiv kab ntxwv thiab ib nrab yog xim dawb, qhov sib txawv ntawm chromatic sib haum rau kev sib deev sib txawv thiab txawv ntawm txhua lub sijhawm ntawm lub neej ntawm lub cev, qhov no yog lwm qhov piv txwv ntawm tus tsiaj hermaphrodite.
Sea stars
ib tug ntawm cov hermaphrodite nrov tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Lawv ib txwm tsim cov txiv neej poj niam txiv neej nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus theem thiab hloov mus rau poj niam nrog kev loj hlob Lawv kuj muaj peev xwm muaj txiv neej deev poj niam, uas tshwm sim thaum ib sab caj npab tawg nqa ib feem ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub hnub qub. Hauv qhov no, lub hnub qub uas ploj ntawm caj npab yuav rov tsim dua nws thiab caj npab yuav rov tsim dua lub cev. Yog li ua rau ob tus tib neeg zoo ib yam.
Its condition as internal parasite ua rau nws nyuaj heev rau nws rov tsim dua nrog lwm yam kab mob. Vim li no, lawv feem ntau yog mus rau tus kheej fertilization. Tab sis yog nws tau txais lub caij nyoog nws mus hla fertilize.
Nqaij ntses
Nws kwv yees tias 2% ntawm cov ntses hom yog hermaphrodites, tab sis zoo li feem ntau lawv nyob hauv qhov tob tshaj plaws ntawm dej hiav txwv nws txoj kev kawm. ua nyuaj heev. Nyob rau hauv ntug dej hiav txwv reefs ntawm Panama, peb muaj ib tug peculiar rooj plaub ntawm hermaphroditism. Serranus Tortugarum, ib tug ntses uas muaj ob leeg poj niam txiv neej tsim nyob rau tib lub sij hawm thiab alternates nrog nws tus khub mus txog 20 zaug ib hnub twg.
Tseem muaj lwm qhov teeb meem ntawm hermaphroditism nqa los ntawm qee cov ntses thiab qhov ntawd yog kev hloov ntawm kev sib deev rau kev sib raug zoo. Qhov no tshwm sim hauv cov ntses uas nyob hauv cov cheeb tsam, cov txiv neej loj dua thiab cov poj niam. Thaum tus txiv neej tuag, tus poj niam loj yuav siv lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus txiv neej tseem ceeb thiab kev sib deev hloov hauv nws. Cov ntses me no yog qee yam piv txwv ntawm hermaphrodite tsiaj:
- Tus Tswv (Labroides dimidiatus)
- clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris)
- laus xiav poj niam (Thalassoma bifasciatum)
Tus cwj pwm no kuj qhia los ntawm peb cov ntses guppy adorable, thiaj li muaj nyob rau hauv thoob dej yug ntses.
Qab
Tseem muaj qee hom qav xws li African tree frog (Xenopus laevis) uas yog txiv neej nyob rau theem juvenile thiab tig poj niam nrog neeg laus.
Cov tshuaj tua kab mob atrazine-raws li kev lag luam tau hloov pauv kev sib deev hauv qav. Ib qho kev sim ntawm University of Berkeley hauv California tau pom tias yog cov txiv neej raug cov tshuaj no tsawg, 75% ntawm lawv yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab 10% dhau los ua poj niam ncaj qha.
Lwm yam piv txwv ntawm hermaphrodite tsiaj
Ntxiv rau cov hom yav dhau los, cov uas qhia hauv qab no kuj yog ib feem ntawm cov npe tsiaj txhu:
- Snails
- Sea dancers
- Lapas
- Blisterbread
- Sea sponges
- Anemones
- Freshwater Hydra
- Amoebas
- Salmon
