Bovine tuberculosis yog ib yam kab mob sib kis thiab qeeb uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau peb cov nyuj thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem, vim nws yog tus kab mob zoonosis nrog muaj peev xwm kis tau mus rau tib neeg. yog Cov tsos mob feem ntau yog ua pa thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem pneumonic, txawm tias cov tsos mob ntawm plab zom mov kuj pom. Cov kab mob lub luag haujlwm yog nyob rau hauv Mycobacteium tuberculosis complex thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau ntau tus tsiaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ruminants, herbivores thiab qee cov tsiaj txhu.
Cia li nyeem tsab xov xwm no hauv peb lub xaib kom paub txhua yam txog bovine tuberculosis, nws yog dab tsi, nws kis tau li cas, nws cov tsos mob dab tsi ua rau thiab kuaj tau li cas.
bovine tuberculosis yog dab tsi?
Bovine tuberculosis is a kab mob bacterial disease uas cov tsos mob yuav siv li ob peb lub hlis thiaj li tshwm sim. Lawv lub npe los ntawm cov kab mob nodular uas lawv ua rau cov nyuj cuam tshuam, hu ua "tubers", nyob rau hauv lub ntsws thiab cov qog nqaij hlav. Ntxiv rau nyuj, tshis, mos lwj, ntxhuav los yog npua qus, thiab lwm yam, kuj tuaj yeem kis tau.
Tseem, nws yog ib tug zoonosis, uas txhais tau hais tias bovine tuberculosis kis tau mus rau tib neeg los ntawm aerosols los yog los ntawm kev noj cov khoom noj siv mis uas tsis huv los yog tsis huv. Nws yog Notifiable OIE, as well as one of the most common disease of nyuj.
Ua rau tus kab mob bovine tuberculosis
Bovine tuberculosis yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug bacterial bacillus ntawm Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm Mycobacterium bovis, tab sis kuj yog Mycobacterium caprae lossis Mycobacterium tuberculosis nrog tsawg zaus. Lawv nthuav qhia cov kab mob sib kis zoo sib xws, cov kab mob pathological thiab ecological yam ntxwv.
Cov tsiaj qus xws li cov mos lwj los yog cov npua qus tuaj yeem ua haujlwm cov kab mob kis kab mob thiab ua cov kab mob rau cov nyuj hauv tsev.
Kev sib kis feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev nqus cov pa aerosols ua pa, tso zis (zis, phev, ntshav, qaub ncaug lossis mis nyuj) lossis kev noj cov fomites uas nqa nws.
Stages of bovine tuberculosis
Tom qab kis kab mob, thawj theem thiab theem pib pib tshwm sim.
Primary stage
theem no tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis kab mob mus rau 1 lossis 2 lub lis piam thaum muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb pib. Lub sijhawm no, thaum cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws lossis cov qog ntshav, cytokines pib tso tawm los ntawm cov hlwb dendritic uas nyiam cov macrophages los sim tua cov kab mob. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes tom qab ntawd tshwm sim thiab tua cov macrophage nrog mycobacteria, ua rau cov khib nyiab thiab necrosis. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob coj ntau cov lymphocytes nyob ib ncig ntawm lub necrosis, uas ua spindle-zoo li tus thiab lo ua ke, ua rau tuberculous granuloma.
Ntiaj teb no yuav hloov mus rau:
- Hloov: Tsis tshua muaj ntau zaus.
- Stabilization: ntau zaus hauv tib neeg, nrog rau cov kab mob calcification los tiv thaiv kev tawm ntawm mycobacteria.
- : thaum tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau sai, nrog rau tuberculosis tshwm sim, nrog rau kev tsim ntawm ntau me me thiab homogeneous tuberculous granulomas nyob txhua qhov chaw. Yog tias nws tshwm sim maj mam, heterogeneous lesions tshwm vim tsis yog tag nrho cov mycobacteria tawm tib lub sijhawm.
Post-primary stage
Ua thaum muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob tshwj xeeb, tom qab rov ua dua tshiab, ruaj khov lossis ntxov ntxov, qhov twg cov kab mob kis mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov lymphatics thiab los ntawm rupture ntawm nodules.
Symptoms of bovine tuberculosis
Bovine tuberculosis tuaj yeem muaj subacute lossis chronic course, thiab nws yuav tsum siv sij hawm tsawg kawg ob peb lub hlis kom pom cov tsos mob. Lwm qhov xwm txheej nws tuaj yeem nyob twj ywm rau lub sijhawm ntev thiab lwm tus cov tsos mob tuaj yeem ua rau tus nyuj tuag.
- Anorexy.
- Nyob.
- Poob kua mis ntau lawm.
- Mob hnoos qhuav qhuav.
- Luag suab.
- Ua pa nyuaj.
- Rib mob.
- Zoo.
- Nyob tsis muaj zog.
- |
- Tachypnea.
- Caseous necrosis of tuberculous lesions, with a pasty and yellowish sib xws.
Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis
Kev kuaj mob ua ntej yog ua raws li cov tsos mob ntawm tus nyuj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov symptomatology yog qhov dav dav thiab qhia txog ntau yam txheej txheem uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau nyuj, xws li:
- Kab mob ua pa sab sauv.
- ntsws abscesses vim aspiration pneumonia.
- Cov kab mob pleuropneumonia.
- Bovine leukosis.
- Actinobacillosis.
- Mastitis.
Vim li no, cov tsos mob yeej tsis muaj tseeb. Cov tom kawg yog ua tiav nrog kev kuaj sim. Lub microbiological diagnosis tau los ntawm:
- Ziehl-Nelsen stain-Nrhiav mycobacteria hauv Ziehl-Nelsen stained specimen under the microscope. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tab sis tsis hnov tsw txhua, uas qhia tau tias yog mycobacteria tshwm sim, nws tuaj yeem lees paub tias nyuj muaj kab mob, tab sis yog tias lawv tsis pom, peb tsis tuaj yeem txiav nws tawm.
- Bacterial culture: nws tsis yog niaj hnub, tsuas yog rau kev txheeb xyuas, vim nws qeeb heev. Kev txheeb xyuas yog ua tiav nrog PCR lossis DNA sojntsuam.
Rau nws ib feem, laboratory diagnosis suav nrog:
- Elisa indirect.
- Elisa post-tuberculinization.
- tuberculinization.
- Interferon gamma test (INF-y).
tuberculin test is the tested to detect it directly in the nyuj. Qhov kev sim no muaj kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm bovine tuberculin, Mycobacterium bovis protein extract, los ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub caj dab lub rooj, thiab ntsuas ntawm 3 hnub los ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj rau kev hloov ntawm cov tawv nqaij tuab. Nws yog raws li kev sib piv cov thickness ntawm pinch nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam, ua ntej thiab tom qab 72 teev ntawm daim ntawv thov. Nws yog ib qho kev sim uas kuaj pom hom IV hypersensitivity nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj uas kis los ntawm mycobacteria ntawm bovine tuberculosis complex. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas yog qhov zoo yog tias qhov tuab ntau dua 4 hli thiab yog tias tus nyuj muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim, thaum nws tsis ntseeg yog tias nws nyob nruab nrab ntawm 2 thiab 4 hli tsis muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim, thiab qhov tsis zoo yog tias nws tsawg dua 2 hli thiab tsis muaj tsos mob.
Vim li no, official diagnosis ntawm bovine tuberculosis muaj xws li:
- kab lis kev cai thiab kev txheeb xyuas ntawm mycobacteria.
- tuberculinization.
Tshuaj kho mob bovine tuberculosis
The treatment is not advisable This is a notifiable disease that is subject to an eradication campaign in Spain due to the danger contagion and because the kev kho mob yuav kim heev, insidious thiab ntev, thiab dab tsi yog nrhiav kom xaus rau tus kab mob no. Txhua yam tsiaj zoo yuav tsum tau euthanized.
Tsuas muaj kev kho mob rau tib neeg tuberculosis, thiab kuj muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv kab mob bovine tuberculosis yog pasteurization ntawm cov mis nyuj cov tsiaj no ua ntej nws noj, nrog rau kev tswj thiab tswj cov nyuj zoo.
Tseem, ntxiv rau kev tswj cov teb, a kev kuaj kab mob ntsws yog ua tiav nrog rau kev kuaj mob thiab kuaj lub viscera rau kev raug mob ntawm lub tsev tua tsiaj kom tiv thaiv lawv cov nqaij los ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov khoom noj.
