Tshwj xeeb thoob plaws ntiaj teb lub hiav txwv thiab dej hiav txwv, muaj ntau tshaj 350 hom sharks, txawm hais tias nws tsis muaj dab tsi piv rau ntau tshaj. 1,000 fossil hom uas peb paub. Prehistoric sharks tau tshwm sim hauv ntiaj chaw ntiaj teb 400 lab xyoo dhau los, txij li thaum ntawd ntau hom tau ploj mus thiab lwm tus tau dim ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv loj uas lub ntiaj teb tau dhau los. Sharks li peb paub hnub no tau tshwm sim 100 lab xyoo dhau los.
Ntau yam ntawm cov duab thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg txhais tau hais tias sharks tau muab faib ua ntau pawg thiab hauv cov pab pawg no peb pom ntau hom. Peb caw koj los kawm, hauv tsab xov xwm no ntawm peb lub xaib, peb hom sharks muaj pes tsawg, lawv cov yam ntxwv thiab ntau yam piv txwv.
Squatiniformes
Sharks of the order Squatiniformes feem ntau hu ua "angel sharks". Cov pab pawg no yog tus yam ntxwv tsis muaj qhov quav, muaj qhov flattened lub cev thiab zoo-tsim pectoral fins Lawv zoo ib yam li ib tug stingray, tab sis lawv tsis yog.
The Spiny Angelshark (Squatina aculeata) nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Atlantic, los ntawm Morocco thiab sab hnub poob Saharan ntug dej hiav txwv mus rau Namibia, dhau los ntawm Mauritania, Senegal, Guinea, Nigeria thiab Gabon mus rau sab qab teb ntawm Angola. Lawv kuj pom muaj nyob hauv Mediterranean. Txawm hais tias nws yog tus shark loj tshaj plaws hauv nws pawg (yuav luag ob metres ntev), cov tsiaj muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai vim kev nuv ntses hnyav. Lawv yog cov tsiaj uas muaj cov placental viviparous.
nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub poob Pacific peb pom lwm hom ntawm Angel shark, lub ringed shark (Squatina Tergocellatoides). Tsis tshua muaj neeg paub txog cov hom no vim muaj ob peb cov qauv cataloged. Qee cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias lawv nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm qhov tob ntawm 100 thiab 300 meters, vim lawv feem ntau raug ntes tau yuam kev hauv trawling.
Lwm Squatiniformes shark species are:
- Eastern Angel Shark (Squatina albipunctata)
- Argentine Angel Shark (Squatina argentina)
- Chilean Angel shark (Squatina armata)
- Australian Angel Shark (Squatina australis)
- Pacific Angel Shark (Squatina californica)
- Atlantic angel shark (Squatina dumeril)
- Taiwan angel shark (Squatina formosa)
- Japanese Angelshark (Squatina japonica)
Nyob hauv daim duab peb pom tau ib cov qauv ntawm Japanese Angelshark:
Pristiophoriformes
Cov kev txiav txim ntawm Pristiophoriformes yog tsim los ntawm sawsharks Cov snout ntawm cov sharks yog elongated nrog serrated npoo, li no lawv lub npe. Zoo ib yam li yav tas los ntawm sharks, cov pristiophoriformes tsis muaj qhov quav Lawv nrhiav lawv cov tsiaj nyob rau hauv hiav txwv, uas lawv muaj obappendages ntev ze ntawm lub qhov ncauj siv los ntes cov tsiaj.
Hauv Dej Hiav Txwv Indian, sab qab teb ntawm Australia thiab Tasmania, peb pom long-nosed sawshark (Pristiophorus cirratus). Lawv nyob hauv thaj chaw xuab zeb, ntawm qhov tob uas sib txawv ntawm 40 thiab 300 meters, qhov chaw lawv yooj yim nrhiav tau lawv cov tsiaj. Lawv yog ovoviviparous tsiaj.
Ntseeg thiab nyob rau hauv hiav txwv Caribbean, peb pom lub Bahamian sawshark (Pristiophorus schroederi). Tus tsiaj no, lub cev zoo ib yam li yav dhau los thiab cov sawsharks, nyob ntawm qhov tob ntawm 400 txog 1,000 meters.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho tsuas muaj rau 6 hom kab sawshark, lwm plaub yog:
- Sixgill sawshark (Pliotrema warreni)
- Japanese sawshark (Pristiophorus japonicus)
- Southern sawshark (Pristiophorus nudipinnis)
- Western sawshark (Pristiophorus delicatus)
In the image we show you a japanese sawshark:
Squaliformes
Qhov kev txiav txim Squaliformes yog tsim los ntawm ntau tshaj 100 hom shark. Cov tsiaj ntawm pab pawg no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev muaj tsib khub ntawm gill qhib thiab spiracles, uas yog qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev ua pa. No nictitating membrane los yog daim tawv muag thib peb, No anal fin
Nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua lub hiav txwv thiab dej hiav txwv ntawm lub ntiaj teb no peb nrhiav tau bramble sharks (Echinorhinus brucus), tseem hu ua nailfish. Yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi paub txog biology ntawm hom no. Lawv zoo li nyob hauv qhov tob ntawm 400 thiab 900 meters, txawm hais tias lawv kuj tau pom ntau ze rau saum npoo. Lawv yog cov tsiaj ovoviviparous, kuj qeeb thiab muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 3 meters ntev.
Lwm tus paub zoo dua squaliform shark yog Spiny Sea Pig or Spiny Dogfish (Oxynotus bruniensis). Nws nyob hauv cov dej ntawm yav qab teb Australia thiab New Zealand, hauv Southwest Pacific thiab sab hnub tuaj Is Nrias teb. Nws tau pom nyob rau hauv qhov tob dav heev, ntawm 45 thiab 1,067 meters. Lawv yog cov tsiaj me, ncav cuag qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 76 centimeters. Lawv yog cov placental ovoviviparous nrog oophagia.
Lwm yam paub txog squaliformes sharks yog:
- Smooth dogfish (Mollisquama parini)
- Small-eyed Pygmy Dogfish (Squaliolus aliae)
- Screech-Toothed Tollo (Miroscyllium sheikoi)
- Black Quelvacho (Aculeola nigra)
- White-tailed hag (Scymnodalatis albicauda)
- Black Tollo (Centroscyllium fabricii)
- Plunket shark (Centroscymnus plunketi)
- Japanese Witch (Zameus ichiharai)
Nyob hauv daim duab nws tuaj yeem soj ntsuam ib qho qauv ntawm Pygmy Small-eyed Dogfish:
Carcharhiniformes
Pab pawg no suav nrog 200 hom sharks, suav nrog qee cov neeg paub zoo xws li hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini). Tsiaj txhu muaj raws li qhov kev txiav txim no thiab raws li nram no have anal fin Pab pawg no kuj muaj tus yam ntxwv pas snout, a lub qhov ncauj dav heev uas tshaj qhov txwv ntawm ob lub qhov muag, uas nws daim tawv muag hauv qab ua raws li ib tug nictitating membrane thiab nyob rau hauv lawv digestive system lawv muaj ib tug
The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws-paub sharks, thiab raws li kev txheeb cais shark nres, nws, ua ke nrog cov bull shark thiab white shark, yog cov uas sau npe tawm tsam tshaj plaws. Tsov shark nyob hauv thaj chaw kub thiab txias dej hiav txwv thiab hiav txwv thoob ntiaj teb. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv lub continental txee thiab reefs. Lawv muaj viviparous nrog oophagia.
The dogfish (Galeorhinus galeus) nyob hauv cov dej uas da dej sab hnub poob Europe, sab hnub poob Africa, South America, sab hnub poob ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm United Cov xeev thiab sab qab teb ntawm Australia. Nws nyiam qhov chaw ntiav. Lawv yog cov aplacental viviparous nrog litters ntawm 20 thiab 35 menyuam dev. Lawv yog cov ntses me me, ntawm 120 txog 135 centimeters.
Lwm hom ntawm carcharhiniformes yog:
- Grey shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos)
- Bearded shark (Leptocharias smithii)
- Harlequin-tailed Dogfish (Ctenacis fehlmanni)
- Tollo toothed plane (Scylliogaleus quecketti)
- Harpoon-toothed Galeus (Chaenogaleus macrostoma)
- Ib nrab hli Galeus (Hemigaleus microstoma)
- Elongated Galeus (Hemiristis elongata)
- Whitetip shark (Carcharhinus albimarginatus)
- Caribbean reef shark (Carcharhinus perezi)
- Borneo Shark (Carcharhinus borneensis)
- Nervous shark (Carcharhinus cautus)
:
Lamniformes
Lamniform sharks muaj ob dorsal fins and one anal finLawv tsis muaj nictitating daim tawv muag, lawv muaj tsib gill slits thiab spiracles Lub plab hnyuv valve yog lub nplhaib-puab. Feem ntau muaj snouts elongated thiab lawv lub qhov ncauj qhib tom qab lawv ob lub qhov muag.
Txoj kev coj txawv txawv Goblin shark (Mitsukurina owstoni) muaj thoob ntiaj teb tab sis patchy faib, lawv tsis sib npaug faib thoob plaws hauv dej hiav txwv. Nws muaj peev xwm hais tias hom no muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm cov nuv ntses nets. Lawv nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0 thiab 1,300 meters tob, lawv tuaj yeem ntev tshaj 6 meters. Hom kev yug me nyuam thiab nws biology tsis paub.
The basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) tsis yog cov tsiaj txhu loj xws li lwm cov sharks hauv pab pawg no, nws yog hom dej txias heev.. loj, uas pub los ntawm kev pom, yog migratory thiab yog dav faib thoob plaws hauv lub hiav txwv thiab dej hiav txwv ntawm lub ntiaj chaw. Cov pejxeem ntawm cov tsiaj no pom nyob rau hauv North Pacific thiab Northwest Atlantic yog nyob rau hauv kev txaus ntshai ntawm extinction.
Lamniformes sharks:
- Bull Shark (Carcharias Taurus)
- Bambaco bull (Carcharias tricuspidatus)
- Crocodile shark (Pseudochararias kamoharai)
- Widemouth shark (Megachasma pelagios)
- Pelagic Hmab (Alopias pelagicus)
- Eye-eyed fox (Alopias superciliosus)
- Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias)
- Mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus)
Nyob hauv daim duab koj pom daim duab basking shark:
Orectolobiformes
Orectolobiform sharks nyob hauv dej sov lossis dej sov. Lawv yog cov yam ntxwv uas muaj qhov quav fins, ob lub dorsal fins tsis muaj spines, lub qhov ncauj me nyob rau hauv lub cev, nrog nostrils (zoo ib yam li qhov ntswg) txuas nrog lub qhov ncauj, snout luv, nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov muag. Muaj txog peb caug-peb hom ntawm orectolobiform sharks.
The whale shark (Rhincodon typus) nyob hauv txhua qhov chaw sov sov, subtropical thiab sov hiav txwv, suav nrog Mediterranean. Lawv pom los ntawm qhov chaw mus txog yuav luag 2,000 meters tob. Lawv tuaj yeem ntsuas txog 20 meters, hnyav tshaj 42 tons. Thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej, whale shark yuav pub rau cov tsiaj txhu sib txawv, raws li nws txoj kev loj hlob. Thaum nws loj tuaj, tus tsiaj yuav tsum loj dua.
Ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv sab qab teb ntawm teb chaws Australia, ntawm qhov tob tob (tsawg dua 200 meters), peb pom cov carpet shark (Orectolobus haley). Nws feem ntau nyob ib puag ncig coral reefs lossis thaj chaw pob zeb, uas nws tuaj yeem yooj yim camouflage nws tus kheej. Lawv yog cov tsiaj nocturnal, lawv tsuas yog tawm ntawm lawv qhov chaw thaum tsaus ntuj. Nws yog ib hom viviparous nrog oophagia.
Lwm yam orectolobiform shark hom:
- Cirrhoscyllium expolitum
- Rusty carpet shark (Parascyllium ferrugineum)
- Arabian Long-tailed Dogfish (Chiloscyllium arabicum)
- Grey Long-tailed Dogfish (Chiloscyllium griseum)
- Blind Shark (Brachaelurus waddi)
- Tawny Nurse Shark (Nebrius ferrugineus)
- Zebra shark (Stegostoma fasciatum)
Daim duab qhia ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub pua plag shark:
Heterodontiformes
Heterodontiform sharks yog tsiaj me, lawv muaj ib tug qaum qaum ntawm lawv dorsal fin, qhov quav fin. Saum lub qhov muag lawv muaj ib tug crest thiab lawv tsis muaj ib tug nictitating membrane. Lawv muaj tsib gill slits, peb ntawm lawv saum lub pectoral fins. Lawv muaj ob hom hniav sib txawv , sab pem hauv ntej yog ntse thiab conical, thaum lub nraub qaum yog tiaj thiab dav, uas lawv siv los zom zaub mov. Lawv yog oviparous sharks.
horn shark (Heterodontus francisci) yog ib qho ntawm 9 hom tsiaj uas muaj nyob hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm sharks. Lawv nyob hauv feem ntau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv yav qab teb ntawm California, txawm hais tias cov tsiaj txuas mus rau Mexico. Lawv tuaj yeem pom ntawm qhov tob tshaj 150 meters, tab sis lawv feem ntau nyob nruab nrab ntawm 2 txog 11 meters tob.
South Australia thiab Tanzania yog lub tsev Port Jackson shark (Heterodontus portusjacksoni). Zoo li tus so ntawm heterodontiformes sharks, nws nyob hauv cov dej saum npoo av, tuaj yeem pom txog li 275 meters tob. Nws tseem yog thaum tsaus ntuj, thaum nruab hnub nws tau muab zais rau hauv cov pob zeb lossis pob zeb. Lawv ntsuas li 165 cm ntev.
Lwm yam ntawm heterodontiform shark hom yog:
- Great Horned Shark (Heterodontus galeatus)
- Japanese Horned Shark (Heterodontus japonicus)
- Mexican Horned Shark (Heterodontus mexicanus)
- Oman Great Horned Shark (Heterodontus omanensis)
- Galapagos Great Horned Shark (Heterodontus quoyi)
- African Horned Shark (Heterodontus ramalheira)
- Zebra Great Horned Shark (Heterodontus zebra)
:
Hexanchiformes
Peb xaus cov lus no ntawm hom sharks nrog hexanchiformes. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm sharks suav nrog , uas tsuas yog rau hom. Lawv yog cov yam ntxwv uas muaj ib leeg dorsal fin nrog ib tug , rau rau xya gill qhib thiab lawv tsis muaj nictitating membrane ntawm lawv ob lub qhov muag.
eel los yog chlamys shark (Chlamydoselachus anguineus) nyob hauv dej hiav txwv Atlantic thiab Pacific nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev heterogeneous. Lawv nyob ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 1,500 meters thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 50 meters, txawm hais tias lawv feem ntau pom ntawm 500 thiab 1,000 meters. Nws yog ib hom viviparous thiab ntseeg tau tias kev xeeb tub tuaj yeem nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1 txog 2 xyoos.
The big-eyed cowsshark (Hexanchus nakamurai) tau dav faib thoob plaws hauv dej hiav txwv thiab dej hiav txwv, tab sis, zoo li yav tas los. rooj plaub, qhov kev faib tawm yog heterogeneous heev. Nws yog hom dej tob, ntawm 90 thiab 620 meters. Lawv feem ntau ncav cuag 180 centimeters nyob rau hauv ntev. Lawv yog cov ovoviviparous thiab pw ntawm 13 thiab 26 cov xeeb ntxwv.
Lwm cov hexanchiformes sharks yog:
- South African Eel Shark (Chlamydoselachus africana)
- Sevengill shark (Heptranchias perlo)
- Grey bootleg shark (Hexanchus griseus)
- Short-snouted cow shark or spotted shark (Notorynchus cepedianus)
Daim duab qhia ib qho piv txwv ntawm eel shark los yog chlamys shark:
