Nyob rau hauv lub arthropods, peb pom cov chav kawm ntawm kab thiab cov no, nyob rau hauv lem, muaj xws li qhov kev txiav txim Lepidoptera, qhov twg npauj npaim thiab npauj yog pawg. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog tias yav dhau los muaj lub club-tipped antennae, thaum lub sijhawm tom kawg tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb no thiab lawv cov kav hlau txais xov yog qhov zoo nkauj. Tsis tas li ntawd, txawm hais tias nws tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb, butterflies feem ntau yog diurnal, thaum npauj yog hmo ntuj.
Tam sim no, npauj npaim noj dab tsi? Lawv puas noj tib yam li npauj npaim? Hauv tsab xov xwm no hauv peb lub vev xaib peb tham tshwj xeeb txog mob noj dab tsi Yog li thov caw koj los nyeem ntxiv thiab nrhiav seb lawv cov zaub mov yog dab tsi.
Tom npauj noj
Moths have a mainly herbivorous diet, txawm hais tias qee zaus kuj muaj qee qhov kev zam. Cov kab no pub rau ntau yam khoom ntawm cov nroj tsuag keeb kwm thiab cov kab mob sib txawv, uas feem ntau nws txawv, raws li peb yuav pom tom qab, nyob ntawm theem lossis theem uas tus npauj pom, vim lawv yog cov tsiaj uas siv los ntawm ntau theem thaum lub sijhawm. nws txoj kev loj hlob, xws li qe, kab ntsig los yog larva, pupa, feem ntau hu ua chrysalis, thiab cov neeg laus, kuj hu ua imago.
Moths yog ib pab pawg neeg coob coob uas nthuav dav thoob plaws ntiaj teb thiab, txawm tias ua tiav cov luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ecosystems, xws li pollination thiab tsim ib feem ntawm cov khoom noj webs, vim lawv yog cov khoom noj los ntawm cov tsiaj xws li noog, puav los yog kab laug sab, kuj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj hauv hav zoov thiab hauv cov zaub mov cog rau tib neeg. Ib yam li ntawd, peb pom tias muaj ntau hom kab npauj nyob hauv nroog , ua ib feem ntawm peb lub neej txhua hnub thiab muaj nyob hauv peb tsev, kom su zaub mov yog txuam nrog cov khoom nyob hauv tsev Hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, tej zaum koj yuav xav tsis thoob tias cov kab npauj noj dab tsi, vim hais tias, qhov tseeb, cov tsiaj uas tau txheeb xyuas tias yog Tineola bisselliella, nyob rau hauv nws cov kab ntsig theem, pub. ntawm ntau cov fibers los ntawm cov khaub ncaws, txawm hais tias nws tseem tuaj yeem noj qee yam cereals thiab lwm yam khoom noj uas peb khaws cia hauv tsev, yog vim li cas nws thiaj suav tias yog kab tsuag uas cuam tshuam rau tsev. Lwm qhov piv txwv yog cov ntaub pua plag moth (Trichophaga tapetzella), uas siv nws cov khoom noj ntawm cov ntaub pua plag, ntaub pua plag, rooj tog zaum, ntaub pua plag, thiab cov ntaub so ntswg tsiaj, thiab lwm yam.
Nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, nyob ntawm seb hom, peb tuaj yeem teev cov hauv qab no hom zaub mov noj los ntawm npauj:
- Fruits
- Estate
- Nectar
- Zaub exudates
- Mushrooms
- khoom noj hauv tsev (cereals and flours)
- Kab laug sab
Npauj Npaim noj dab tsi thaum yug?
Thaum tus poj niam fertilize tus txiv neej, lub qe fertilized, ces tom qab, nyob ntawm seb hom kab npauj, feem ntau nws yuav nrhiav ib tsob nroj los nteg qe. Tom qab embryonic txoj kev loj hlob, tus larvae yuav hatch, uas yog ib txwm hu ua kab ntsig
Thaum lawv yug los, kab ntsig muaj lub cev sib txawv ntawm cov neeg laus, uas yuav hloov pauv ua tsaug rau cov txheej txheem metamorphosis. Hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, npauj thaum yug los muaj lub qhov ncauj tshwj xeeb rau zom ntau yam khoom cog hu ua "jaws". Ib feem ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm cov tsiaj no yog tawv, tab sis lwm qhov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaj av qis, yog softer thiab muaj ib lub cev hu ua spinneret, nrog rau kab laug sab (nrog rau kab laug sab) tsim cov kab lo rau lawv zes.
Nws yog npauj nyob rau theem kab ntsig no ua rau muaj teeb meem rau cov qoob loo thiab tsev vim lawv yog cov devourers loj ntawmYog li, npauj thaum yug los noj feem ntau nplooj, tab sis kuj muaj xws li stems, paj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cag thiab noob. Lub genus Eupithecia muaj cov tsiaj uas, nyob rau hauv cov kab ntsig theem, tau muab tso rau ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas ua raws li cov twig thiab thaum lwm yam kab los ze, lawv ntes thiab noj nws.
Cia peb paub ib co cov piv txwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas npauj noj thaum yug:
- Gypsy npauj (Lymantria dispar): kab ntsig yog cov ntoo defoliators hnyav heev thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau hav zoov. Qee hom uas lawv noj yog ntoo qhib (Quercus), alber broadleaf ntoo (Alnus rubra), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga) thiab western fir koob ntoo (Tsuga heterophylla). Nws yog tus peb pom hauv daim duab.
- Winter Moth (Operophtera brumata): lawv noj blueberry nroj tsuag, ntau yam conifers thiab ntoo deciduous. Nws tau los ua kev puas tsuaj rau qee lub zos.
- Fall Armyworm (Helicoverpa zea): Feem ntau yog cov kab tsuag ntawm pob kws, paj rwb, thiab txiv lws suav cog.
Cov npauj laus noj dab tsi?
Tom qab ntau qhov kev hloov pauv, kab ntsig nkag mus rau theem hu ua pupa lossis chrysalis, uas metamorphosis tshwm sim, ua rau tus npauj laus. Cov kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev thiab lub cev muaj zog tshwm sim nyob rau theem kawg ntawm lub neej voj voog ntawm npauj. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, lub qhov ncauj apparatus tsim los ntawm zom lub puab tsaig yog hloov mus rau ib tug tshiab qauv hu ua proboscis, uas muaj ib tug elongated appendage uas tseem coiled nyob rau hauv tus tsiaj lub qhov ncauj thaum nws tsis noj; Nws txoj haujlwm yog nqus cov khoom noj ua kua, uas cov neeg laus npauj pub. Yog li cov npauj laus laus feem ntau haus nectar, kua tua los ntawm stems thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiabmiel Qee qhov xwm txheej, xws li npauj roj (Aglossa cuprina), thaum nws yog ib tug neeg laus, tuaj yeem noj zaub lossis tsiaj rog.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj ib pab pawg npauj hu ua archaic, uas yog cais nyob rau hauv tsev neeg Micropterigidae, uas tswj cov xov tooj ntawm tes. lub puab tsaig nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus, yog li lawv noj tau tej yam khoom noj khoom haus, xws li paj ntoos. Kuj tseem muaj cov neeg laus uas tsis pub noj, vim lawv tsis muaj lub qhov ncauj los yog nws yog vestigial heev, xws li qee cov tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg Saturniidae, uas pub rau cov khoom khaws cia hauv ob peb hnub uas lawv nyob rau theem imago.
mob noj ntau npaum li cas?
Tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv qhia meej tias npauj noj ntau npaum li cas, vim qhov no yuav txawv nyob ntawm hom thiab theem uas nws pom. Txawm li cas los xij, NOJ QAB YUAV TSUM TAU KEV TXHEEJ TXHEEM HEEV, Qhov no yog vim tias, ntawm ib sab, nws yog theem uas nws kav ntev dua thiab, ntawm qhov tod tes, vim hais tias ntawm no lawv khaws cov khoom tsim nyog rau theem tom ntej ntawm pupa, nyob rau hauv uas cov kev ua ub no tsuas yog tsom rau kev ua cov metamorphosis.
Tsis tas li ntawd, npauj nyob rau hauv lub xeev larval, raws li peb tau hais, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau ntau hom kev cog qoob loo, defoliating ntoo ntau, uas txhais tsis tau tsuas yog ua liaj ua teb poob, tab sis qee qhov xwm txheej hauv kev puas tsuaj. mus rau ecosystems, vim hais tias ntau cov nroj tsuag tsis tuaj yeem rov qab yog tias lawv poob ntau ntawm nplooj nplooj.
