lo lus yoov tshaj cum los yog yoov tshaj cum yog siv los hais txog ib pawg kab uas tshwj xeeb rau kev txiav txim ntawm Diptera, lo lus uas txhais tau tias "ob-tis". Txawm hais tias nws tsis muaj qib taxonomic, nws txoj kev siv tau dhau los ua qhov dav, yog li ntawd nws daim ntawv thov muaj ntau, txawm nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb.
Ib txhia ntawm cov tsiaj no tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, vim lawv tsis muaj teeb meem kiag li. Lub caij no, tseem muaj yoov tshaj cum txaus ntshai, uas yog cov kis ntawm qee yam kab mob tseem ceeb uas tau ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem hauv ntau thaj tsam ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Los ntawm peb qhov chaw peb nthuav tawm ib tsab xov xwm ntawm hom yoov tshaj cum,kom koj paub cov neeg sawv cev tshaj plaws ntawm pab pawg thiab tseem, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws twg lawv tuaj yeem nyob. Mus nyeem ntawv!
Muaj pes tsawg hom yoov tshaj cum?
Kev faib tawm ntawm yoov tshaj cum, raws li tshwm sim nrog ntau lwm tus hauv lub nceeg vaj tsiaj, tsis yog tsim kiag li, txij li kev tshawb fawb phylogenetic txuas ntxiv mus, nrog rau kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv entomological. Txawm li cas los xij, tus naj npawb ntawm hom yoov tshaj cum yog 3,531 [1], tab sis feem ntau yuav yog qhov no. tus lej yuav nce ntxiv.
Txawm hais tias muaj ntau hom kab uas feem ntau hu ua yoov tshaj cum lossis gnats, cov kab tiag tiag tau muab faib ua ob pawg thiab tshwj xeeb raws li hauv qab no:
- Order: Diptera
- : Nematocera
- :
- Superfamily: Culicoidea
- :
- Subfamilies: Culicinae and Anophelinee
Lub subfamily Culicinae ntxiv subdivided rau hauv 110 genera, hos Anophelinee rau hauv peb genera, uas tau muab faib thoob plaws ntiaj teb no, tsuas yog cov Antarctic xwb.
Muaj yoov tshaj cum
Muaj nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Diptera, ib qho infraorder hu ua Tipulomorpha, uas sib haum mus rau Tipulidae tsev neeg, uas muaj ntau hom Diptera thiab feem ntau hu ua "típulas", "Crane yoov", "giant midges" or "giant yoov tshaj cum" [2]Txawm hais tias qhov kev cais no, pawg neeg tsis sib haum rau yoov tshaj cum tiag tiag, tab sis vim muaj qee yam zoo sib xws lawv tau muab npe ua li no.
Cov kab no muaj lub neej luv luv, feem ntau muaj lub cev nyias thiab tsis muaj zog uas ntsuas tsis tau txiav txim siab ntawm ob txhais ceg, Ib qho ntawm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb uas ua rau lawv txawv ntawm yoov tshaj cum yog cov tipúlidos tsis muaj zog thiab elongated lub qhov ncauj, uas tsim ib hom snout, uas lawv siv los noj cov kua qab zib thiab kua txiv, tab sis tsis yog cov ntshav zoo li yoov tshaj cum tiag tiag..
Qee hom uas tsim los ntawm tsev neeg Tipulidae yog:
- Brachypremna breviventris
Muaj yoov tshaj cum
yoov tshaj cum muaj tseeb, tseem hu ua yoov tshaj cum nyob rau qee thaj tsam, muaj nyob hauv tsev neeg Culicidae thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm feem ntau yog yoov tshaj cum me, nrog lub cev elongated, xws li 3 thiab 6 hli, nrog rau kev zam ntawm qee hom ntawm genus Toxorhynchites uas ntsuas txog 20 mm ntev. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm ntau hom ntawm pab pawg yog qhov muaj b-sucking mouthparts,uas qee tus (tshwj xeeb yog cov poj niam) tswj kom noj ntshav los ntawm kev tho. daim tawv nqaij ntawm tus tswv tsev.
Cov poj niam yog hematophagous, vim lawv xav tau cov khoom noj tshwj xeeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov qe kom ua tau thiab lawv tau txais cov ntshav los ntawm cov ntshav. Qee tus tsis haus ntshav thiab muab lawv cov kev xav tau nrog cov kua qab zib lossis kua qaub. Tab sis, nws yog qhov tseeb hauv qhov kev sib cuag nrog tib neeg lossis qee yam tsiaj uas cov kab no kis cov kab mob, kab mob los yog protozoa uas ua rau muaj mob hnyav thiab txawm tias, hauv cov neeg rhiab heev, muaj kev fab tshuaj tsis haum. Hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, nws nyob hauv pawg culicidae uas peb pom cov yoov tshaj cum txaus ntshai.
Aedes
Ib tug yoov tshaj cum me no yog genus Aedes, tej zaum yog ib tug uas muaj Nws muaj peev xwm kis tau kab mob xws li kub taub hau daj, dengue, Zika, chikungunya, canine dirofilariasis, Mayaro virus thiab filariasis. Txawm hais tias nws tsis yog qhov tshwj xeeb, ntau hom ntawm genus muaj cov kab dub thiab dawbntawm lub cev, suav nrog ob txhais ceg, uas tuaj yeem siv tau rau kev txheeb xyuas. Feem ntau ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm pab pawg muaj kev faib tawm nruj me ntsis, tsuas yog ob peb hom tau faib rau thaj chaw deb ntawm tropics.
Qee hom Aedes yog:
- Aedes albopictus (Tiger Mosquito)
- Aedes furcifer
- Aedes taeniorhynchus
Anopheles
Cov genus Anopheles muaj kev faib thoob ntiaj teb hauv Asmeskas, Europe, Asia, Africa thiab Oceania, nrog rau kev txhim kho tshwj xeeb hauv thaj chaw huab cua sov, subtropical thiab tropical. Nyob rau hauv cov Anopheles peb pom ntau yam yoov tshaj cum txaus ntshai, txij li ob peb ntawm lawv tuaj yeem kis tus kab mob sib txawv uas ua rau mob malaria. Lwm tus ua rau tus kab mob hu ua lymphatic filariasis thiab muaj peev xwm thauj thiab kis tau rau tib neeg nrog ntau hom kab mob pathogenic.
Qee hom Anopheles yog:
Culex
Lwm yam ntawm kev kho mob tseem ceeb hauv yoov tshaj cum yog Culex, uas muaj ntau hom kab uas yog vectors ntawm cov kab mob tseem ceeb xws li ntau hom kab mob encephalitis, West Nile virus, filariasis thiab avian malaria. Cov tswv cuab ntawm cov genus no txawv ntawm 4 mus rau 10 hli,yog li lawv suav tias yog me me mus rau nruab nrab. Lawv muaj kev faib tawm thoob plaws ntiaj teb, nrog qee yam 768 hom kab mob, txawm hais tias qhov mob hnyav tshaj plaws tau sau tseg hauv Africa, Asia thiab South America.
Qee yam piv txwv ntawm genus Culex yog:
- Culex tritaeniorhynchus
Nyob yoov tshaj cum nyob teb chaws
yoov tshaj cum muaj kev faib dav dav, thaum lwm tus nyob hauv ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb hauv qee lub tebchaws, qhia rau peb paub qee qhov xwm txheej:
Spain
Peb pom cov yoov tshaj cum uas tsis muaj kev txaus siab rau kev kho mob, xws li: Culex laticinctus, Culex hortensis, Culex deserticola thiab Culex territans Thaum lwm tus yog Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm qhov pom vim lawv lub peev xwm ua vectors, xws li: Culex mimeticus, Culex modestus, Culex pipiens, Culex theileri, Anopheles claviger, Anopheles plumbeus thiab Anopheles atroparvus, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov tsiaj no kuj muaj ntau yam hauv lwm lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe.
Mexico
247 hom yoov tshaj cum tau txheeb xyuas , tab sis muaj tsawg heev uas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv [3] Ntawm cov hom muaj nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no muaj peev xwm kis tau kab mob peb pom: Aedes aegypti, uas yog cov vector ntawm kab mob xws li dengue, chikungunya thiab zika. Anopheles albimanus thiab Anopheles pseudopunctipennis, uas kis malaria. Tseem muaj Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus, uas ua rau mob encephalitis.
United States thiab Canada
Qee hom yoov tshaj cum tuaj yeem pom, piv txwv li: Culex territans, tsis muaj kev kho mob tseem ceeb. Malaria kuj tau tshwm sim hauv North America vim Anopheles quadrimaculatus. Hauv cheeb tsam no, tab sis txwv rau qee thaj chaw hauv Tebchaws Meskas hauv qab no, Aedes aegypti. kuj tseem tuaj
South America
Hauv lub tebchaws xws li Colombia thiab Venezuela, ntawm lwm tus, cov hom Anopheles nuneztovari, yog ib qho ua rau mob npaws. Ib yam li ntawd, txawm tias muaj ntau qhov kev faib tawm uas suav nrog sab qaum teb, Anopheles albimanus, kuj kis tus kab mob tom kawg. Undoubtedly ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau faib hom nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam yog Aedes aegypti. Peb kuj pom ib qho ntawm 100 hom kab mob phem tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, muaj peev xwm kis tau ntau yam kab mob, Aedes albopictus.
Asia
Peb tuaj yeem hais txog hom Anopheles introlatus, uas ua rau malaria hauv apes. Tsis tas li ntawd hauv cheeb tsam no pom muaj Anopheles latens, uas yog tus kab mob malaria hauv tib neeg nrog rau macaques thiab apes. Lwm qhov piv txwv muaj nyob rau hauv Anopheles stephensi, kuj ua rau tus kab mob aforementioned.
Africa
Nyob rau teb chaws Africa, ib cheeb tsam uas muaj ntau yam kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis kab mob yoov tshaj cum kis tau dav heev, peb tuaj yeem hais txog qhov muaj cov kab hauv qab no: Aedes luteocephalus, Aedes aegypti, Aedes africanus thiab Aedes vittatus , txawm tias tom kawg kuj txuas mus rau Tebchaws Europe thiab Asia.
Raws li peb tau hais lawm, cov no tsuas yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm ntau hom yoov tshaj cum uas muaj nyob, vim tias lawv muaj ntau haiv neeg. Hauv ntau lub tebchaws, ntau yam kab mob no tau raug tswj xyuas thiab txawm tias raug tshem tawm, thaum lwm tus lawv tseem nyob. Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog vim muaj kev hloov pauv huab cua, thaj chaw sib txawv tau ua kom sov, uas tau ua rau qee cov vectors nthuav dav lawv cov kev faib tawm thiab yog li kis tau ntau yam kab mob uas lawv tsis tau muaj ua ntej.
