Ib yam li peb, dev tuaj yeem ntshai, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ntsib qhov teeb meem tsis zoo lossis ntxhov siab uas lawv ntseeg tias ua rau lawv lub cev zoo- ua neej nyob muaj kev pheej hmoo. Cov dev tuaj yeem ntshai tib neeg, tsiaj txhu, suab nrov, khoom txawv teb chaws thiab txawm tias txoj kev nws tus kheej.
Peb yuav tsum nkag siab tias kev ntshai yog ib qho kev hloov kho, vim nws tso cai rau lawv ceev faj txog kev phom sij hauv ib puag ncig thiab tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev nthuav tawm lawv tus kheej mus rau qhov tsis tsim nyog, yog li nyiam lawv txoj sia nyob, los ntawm cov lus teb ntawm lub cev, uas Lawv tuaj yeem ya los yog sib ntaus. Yog tias koj pom tias koj tus dev yog skittish ntau dua li niaj zaus, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau mus mus rau kws kho tsiaj kom txiav txim tawm tej yam organic.
Nyob hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav qhia rau koj paub 10 cov tsos mob ntawm kev ntshai ntawm dev yog li koj tuaj yeem paub yooj yim thaum koj tus dev ntshai. Tsis txhob nco nws, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv:
Vim li cas dev ntshai?
fear is an adaptive emotion that appeared when the aub perceives imminent risk, but it is important to differentiate it fromtxoj kev ntxhov siab , uas yog ib lub xeev ntawm kev ceeb toom, los yog lub phobias , uas tsis yog adaptive thiab feem ntau provoke ib tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv tus dev, txawm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas tsis sawv cev rau ib tug tiag tiag txaus ntshai. Thaum tus dev ntsib kev ntshai, nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim tias nws tuag tes tuag taw, nws sim khiav, nws txav los yog nws sim tua.
Tam Sim Noua rau muaj kev ntshai ntawm dev
Ntshai tej zaum yuav tshwm sim los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm kev tsis zoo socialization, uas tus dev tsis tau raug nthuav tawm txaus nrog tag nrho cov stimuli uas nws yuav nyob rau hauv nws cov neeg laus theem (neeg, tsiaj txhu, ib puag ncig, suab nrov…), the [1]nyob experiences Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ntshai ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus dev, raws li kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias cov dev uas muaj kev ntshai thiab kev ntxhov siab ntev yuav ua rau muaj kab mob ntau dua thiab muaj qis dua lub neej expectancy [2]
Thaum peb tham txog kev ua neej nyob peb tuaj yeem xa mus rau qhov kev raug mob, kev mob uas tau ua rau mob hnyav thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo nrog qee qhov kev xav (xws li rau tus kws kho tsiaj), rau txim rau lub cev thiab txawm tias vim muaj keeb kwm kev tsim txom tsiaj. Txawm li cas los xij, kom tau txais kev kuaj mob nws yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb rau mus rau tus kws kho mob ethologist leej twg yuav pab peb tsim cov txheej txheem tswj thiab kev kho tshwj xeeb los pab tus dev kov yeej lossis tswj lub sijhawm ntawm kev ntshai.
Sensory deprivation syndrome
Cov kab mob no feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam dev uas tau cais tawm los ntawm ib puag ncig lub sijhawm lawv kev sib raug zoo, tsis muaj leej niam thiab cov kwv tij, thiab uas kuj tau tsa nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig kev txom nyem thiab tsis muaj stimuli. Tag nrho cov no ua rau lawv cov neeg laus theem cov dev no generalized panic, in the face of practical any stimulus.
Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntshai ntawm dev
Kom paub txog cov tsos mob ntawm kev ntshai ntawm dev, koj yuav tsum kawm paub ntxiv txog lub cev lus ntawm dev kom paub thiab sib txawv cov cim uas nws lub cev sib txuas lus rau peb thaum nws ntsib lub sijhawm so., kev zoo siab, ntshai, npau taws los yog kev ntxhov siab, piv txwv li.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, peb yuav tsum to taub tias txhua tus tab sis tshwj xeeb thiab qhia nws tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yooj yim sua kom ua ib qho kev qhia meej lossis phau ntawv qhia yuav ua li cas nkag siab txog dev thiab tag nrho lawv cov kev xav txawv. Txhawm rau kom paub koj tus phooj ywg zoo tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum siv sijhawm los paub nws, txaus siab nrog nws, saib nws tus cwj pwm thiab txheeb xyuas nws tus cwj pwm, piav tes piav taw thiab lub ntsej muag qhia nws lub siab sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, peb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qee qhov pom tseeb uas qhia peb tias peb cov plaub hau ntshai.
Tom ntej no, peb qhia koj cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntshai ntawm dev:
1. Tail down los yog ob txhais ceg
Tsis muaj kev xyiv fab, Ib yam uas pom tseeb tshaj plaws kev ntshai ntawm dev yog tus Tsov tus tw ntawm ob txhais ceg lossis nqes. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tawm dag zog ntau dhau los kuj tseem tuaj yeem suav tias yog lub cim ntawm kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ntxhov siab hauv tus dev.
ob. Pob ntseg rov qab los yog ze rau lub taub hau
Pob ntseg thawb rov qab los yog tiaj tus rau lub taub hau kuj yog Ntshai cov tsos mob ntawm cov dev uas paub zoo thiab paub yooj yim. Lawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim ob qho tib si hauv cov dev uas txais yuav txoj haujlwm ntawm kev ntshai thiab kev tso siab thiab cov uas ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov ntawm kev ntshai.
3. Khawv koob lub cev los yog tus ncej puab
Tus dev ntshai yuav pom lub cev hunched thiab tej zaum kuj taug kev crouched. Cov cwj pwm no qhia peb tias peb cov plaub hau tsis coj thiab ua nrog kev ruaj ntseg uas nws yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig zoo thiab zoo.
4. Nrhiav chaw nkaum
Ntawm no yog ib qho kev coj cwj pwm heev hauv cov dev ntshai thiab ntshai. Thaum txheeb xyuas qee qhov kev xav tsis meej lossis xav tias muaj kev hem thawj, tus tsiaj yuav nrhiav qhov chaw nyab xeeb, qhov twg nws tuaj yeem ua tau nkaum thiab tos kev phom sij ploj mus thiab kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb dua nyob rau hauv ambient.
5. Sim khiav
Nyob rau hauv ib qho xwm txheej uas nws xav tias yuav muaj kev phom sij, qhov laj thawj tus dev yuav sim khiav mus rau qhov chaw uas nws xav tias nyab xeeb. Kev khiav tawm yog txoj hauv kev kom dim ntawm kev phom sij thiab kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog lwm tus neeg.
6. Calming signals
Cov dev ntshai kuj tseem tuaj yeem pom cov cim sib txawv, xws li smacking, yawning tsis tu ncua, taub hau tig, squinting, shrinking, averting lawv ob lub qhov muag, lossis glancing sideways ntawm ntau lwm yam cim qhia ntawm lawv lub cev lus.
7. Submissive postures
Kev xa tawm hauv cov dev yog ib qho kev hloov kho uas tau tso cai rau lawv los tsim kom muaj kev sib tw thiab muaj sia nyob hauv pob khoom. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv tib pab pawg ntawm cov dev uas nyob ua ke, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hierarchies tuaj yeem tsim tau, uas tsis tas yuav ua raws li tus qauv linear. Lub submission postures tshwm sim tsis tu ncua ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tib neeg ntawm tib hom (kev xa tawm yog intraspecific, uas yog, nws tsuas yog tshwm sim ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm tib hom).
Ib tug dev txais cov kev no yeem yeem thaum nws paub txog tus neeg muaj peev xwm, qhia tias nws xa nws lub siab nyiam rau tus dev uas tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau qee qhov xwm txheej, tus dev kuj tuaj yeem ua qhov kev xa tawm thaum pom nws tus kheej hauv qhov xwm txheej siab kev nyuaj siab thiab ntshai Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov postures lawv feem ntau yog nrog los ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob siab thiab lwm yam tsos mob ntawm kev ntshai hais nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no.
8. Cov leeg nqaij tawv thiab tshee
Cov xwm txheej muaj kev ntxhov siab lossis ua rau muaj kev ntshai heev hauv cov dev, feem ntau ua rau cov leeg mob. Tus dev ntshai ua rau pom cov leeg nruj thiab tej zaum txawm tias tremble Hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav, tus dev kuj tseem tuaj yeem freeze in ntshai
9. Involuntary tso zis
Ntshai tso zis txawv ntawm kev tso zis. Tus dev uas tso zis tawm ntawm kev ntshai heev ua rau tsis muaj kev ywj pheej, ntsib nrog qhov xwm txheej uas kov yeej nws. Yog tias koj tus dev tso zis thaum koj cem nws, piv txwv li, qhov no yog qhov pom tseeb heev uas qhov xwm txheej no ua rau nws ntshai heev uas ua rau nws ua rau poob tswj nws cov zis
Thaum mob hnyav dua, tus dev kuj tseem tuaj yeem dev thiab tso nws lub qhov quav nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ntxhov siab thiab ntshai. Vim li no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tshem tawm kev rau txim rau lub cev thiab xaiv qhov kev txhawb nqa zoo los qhia koj tus dev kom zoo thiab txhawb nws lub peev xwm, kev xav thiab kev sib raug zoo.
10. Stereotypes
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav dua, thaum cov dev feem ntau raug rau qhov chaw tsis zoo thiab nyob nrog ntshai, ntxhov siab thiab ntxhov siab ntev, lawv tuaj yeem tsim cov stereotypes, tus cwj pwm uas tsim kev puas tsuaj rau lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv.
Stereotypies yog tus cwj pwm ua repetitively thiab incessantly, uas yog, obsessively Cov stereotypies feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv dev yog: chasing ib leeg thiab tail. nipping, ntau heev tom los yog licking, tsis tu ncua barking, chasing xav txog yoov los yog kab, thiab lwm yam.
Ntshai aggression in dogs
Nyob rau qee lub sijhawm, kev ntshai kuj tuaj yeem ua rau dev ua tau tus cwj pwm nruj (tiv thaiv aggressiveness). Thaum tus dev pom nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib qho teeb meem nyuaj thiab tsis zoo, uas nws xav tias nws lub cev ncaj ncees raug hem, aggressiveness yuav "tso" raws li ib tug defense mechanism, to khaws kev noj qab haus huv tiv thaiv kev phom sij ntawm koj ib puag ncig.
Nyob hauv defensive aggressivenesspeb saib ib tug aub uas tau "tshaj" los ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ntshai heev thiab tsis paub meej li cas los teb thiab yuav ua li cas hauv cov ntsiab lus no. Yog li, ntsib nrog kev phom sij uas yuav tshwm sim, nws tau tawm tsam los ntawm nws txoj kev ciaj sia (uas muaj nyob hauv txhua yam tsiaj, suav nrog tib neeg) uas yuam nws kom ua raws li aggressive or reactive way.
Ntshai aggression nyob rau dev tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas los ntawm qee lub cev thiab kev coj cwj pwm, xws li:
- Qhia cov hniav
- Snarl
- Cry and/or whine
-ZAJ DAB TSI RAU COV DOGS
CEEV CEEV FEEM THIAB nws txhua tus nyob ib puag ncig nws. Tus dev ntshai tsam tuaj yeem overreact, ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov neeg hlub.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no peb hais txog redirected aggressiveness, nyob rau hauv uas tus dev tsis muaj peev xwm los tawm tsam lub stimulus uas ua rau ntshai thiab xaus mus tom ib yam dab tsi nyob ib ncig ntawm nws, xws li nws tus neeg saib xyuas lossis tus neeg saib xyuas. Tus cwj pwm no tsis tshwm sim vim yog kev ua phem lossis kev lim hiam (vim tsis muaj qhov txhais tau tias lossis kev lim hiam ntawm tus tsiaj), tab sis vim kev ntshai hnyav "overcomes" nws thiab tus tsiaj tsis muaj peev xwm tswj tau tus cwj pwm sib npaug thiab kev ntseeg tus kheej.
Yog koj pom tias koj cov plaub hau ntshai heev, ntshai yooj yim thiab/los yog muaj cov tsos mob uas tau hais hauv tsab xov xwm no, tsis txhob yig coj nws mus rau kws kho tsiaj kom kuaj xyuas nws kev noj qab haus huv. yog tias muaj qee yam kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau tus cwj pwm no.
Tom qab txiav txim siab txog qhov ua rau muaj kab mob, peb xav kom koj nrhiav kev taw qhia ntawm canine ethologist los txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau ntshai thiab teeb meem ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm koj cov plaub hau, thiab tsim qee cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau kev kho mob raws li lawv tus kheej xav tau.
Tseem, yog koj nyuam qhuav saws tau ib tug dev thiab pom tias koj tus phooj ywg tshiab no ntshai heev nyob rau hauv nws lub tsev tshiab no, thov caw nej los saib peb cov lus qhia rau tus dev uas ntshai.
