Kab laum yog cov kab mob arthropods muaj peev xwm kis tau kab mob, tab sis tsis zoo li zuam thiab yoov tshaj cum, uas ncaj qha kis kab mob los ntawm lawv cov tom, kab laum, zoo li yoov, Lawv tsuas ua rau kab mob indirectlyvim lawv cov cwj pwm qias neeg, ua rau cov kab mob kis mus rau cov kab mob, kab mob, cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob uas muaj peev xwm ua rau cov kab mob hauv tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj lub luag haujlwm hauv cov tsos ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis haum rau cov neeg rhiab heev. Qhov no ua rau nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau nqis tes tawm tsam lawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas lawv muaj kev phom sij rau pej xeem noj qab haus huv.
Nyob hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav tham txog kab mob uas kab laum kis taurau tib neeg, peb cov miv thiab peb cov dev, zoo li cov kev ntsuas coj los zam lawv.
Vim li cas kab laum thiaj kis tau kab mob?
Nyob ntiaj teb no muaj yuav luag 5,000 hom kab laum, tsuas muaj 30 leej xwb kom kab tsuag thiab kis kab mob. Cov kab laum feem ntau muaj qhov zoo ecological luag hauj lwm vim lawv noj decomposing organic teeb meem, uas ua rau cov as-ham muaj rau lwm yam kab mob. Cov kab laum no yog cov tsiaj qus, lawv nquag ua haujlwm thaum nruab hnub thiab pom hauv hav zoov hav zoov hav zoov.
Dab tsi, cov kab laum uas tuaj yeem ua tau kab tsuag nocturnal thiab omnivorous, muaj peev xwm noj txhua yam uas lawv nrhiav tau ntawm txoj kev, nkaum thaum nruab hnub nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj teeb thiab av noo, xws li cov kav dej, septic tanks los yog cov kav dej phwj thiab nws yog thaum hmo ntuj thaum lawv mus rau cov khw noj mov thiab cov khw noj mov, cov chaw huv xws li tsev kho mob, peb lub tsev lossis cov khw muag khoom noj khoom haus, kis kab mob cov tais diav thiab zaub movmus kis kab mob tom qab.
Cov teeb meem ntawm kab laum uas tuaj yeem tua kab yog qhov tseeb heev: cov kab laum no kis tau kab mob vim lawv noj haus thiab thaj chaw lawv feem ntau nquag.
kab mob dab tsi tuaj yeem kis tau rau tib neeg?
Tseem hnov hais tias cov kab no yuav tsum tsis txhob tso tseg. Tab sis yog vim li cas koj yuav tsum tsis txhob mus rau kab laum? Ntxiv rau qhov ua phem thiab tsis tsim nyog, kab laum ua tsheb thauj mus los rau ntau cov kab mob, ntau yam kab mob rau tib neeg. Qhov no yog qhov ua tau vim tias cov kab mob no tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo hauv lawv cov kev sib koom ua ke, kev zom zaub mov thiab cov quav rau hnub lossis lub lis piam, vim li ntawd nws thiaj li pom zoo kom tsis txhob mus rau kab laum. Cov kab mob no tau txais lawv los ntawm qhov chaw uas lawv ncig, xws li cov kav dej lossis cov khib nyiab, nrog rau cov xau ntawm cov tsiaj muaj kab mob. Kev kis kab mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm regurgitation ntawm cov zaub mov, los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog lawv cov extremities los yog los ntawm cov deposits ntawm droppings, uas yuav noj tau los ntawm tib neeg thaum lawv pub rau cov khoom uas kis kab laum.
Kab laum tuaj yeem kis tau rau tib neeg cov kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm kab mob, kab mob, kab mob, fungi thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev fab tshuaj:
kab mob bacterial
Cov kab mob yog cov kab mob tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob kab mob uas kab laum kis tau, raws li lawv tuaj yeem harbor thiab kis mus txog 40 hom. Qee tus ntawm lawv tuaj yeem kis tau rau cov neeg muaj kab mob hauv qab no:
- Gastroenteritis, dysentery and cholera: Nws tau pom tias tsawg kawg 25 hom kab mob kis los ntawm kab laum muaj nyob rau hauv pawg Enterobacteriaceae, ua rau gastroenteritis nyob rau hauv tib neeg. Lawv kuj muaj peev xwm kis tau tus mob Shigella, uas ua rau thaum yau raws plab thiab kab mob dysentery. Tus kab mob cholera yog ib qho mob raws plab uas tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob Vibrio cholerae. Nws yog ib yam kab mob uas kis tau ntau dua hauv cov teb chaws thiab cov chaw uas muaj kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig tsis txaus.
- Leprosy: Tus kab mob no tseem muaj nyob rau hauv cov chaw xws li Brazil, Africa thiab Southeast Asia; Nws tuaj yeem kis tau los ntawm kab laum uas nqa cov kab mob Mycobacterium leprae los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog cov qaub ncaug ntawm cov neeg mob los ntawm cov tee los ntawm txham lossis hnoos.
- Typhoid fever: Lwm cov kab mob uas kab laum kis tau los ntawm lawv txoj kev noj mov yog Salmonella typhi, uas ua rau mob typhoid fever.
- Salmonellosis: Kab laum, nrog rau cov nas tuaj yeem kis tau tus kab mob salmonellosis rau tib neeg, ib yam kab mob uas ua rau muaj cov tsos mob ntawm cov zaub mov lom. Cov kab mob uas feem ntau kis tus kab mob salmonellosis yog Salmonella anatum thiab Salmonella oranienburg.
- Usinary tract infection: tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov poj niam ntau dua thiab yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj cov khoom noj uas lwj los ntawm kab laum nrog Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Parasitic kab mob
Kab laum kuj tseem kis tau qee yam kab mob parasitic rau tib neeg, vim muaj kab mob xws li:
- Helminths: Helminths (roundworms) sawv cev, tom qab cov kab mob, cov pab pawg tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov kab mob kab mob kis los ntawm kab laum, muaj peev xwm kis tau xya txawv hom rau tib neeg. Lawv kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua cov kab mob ntawm cov qe flatworm vim muaj kev sib cuag nrog cov quav ntawm tus dev lossis miv nrog Echinococcus granulosus, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov kab mob hydatid hauv tib neeg, uas muaj kev tsim cov hydatid cyst feem ntau hauv daim siab (70 %), qhov twg nws yuav ua rau mob, daj ntseg, palpable loj thiab kub taub hau, txawm hais tias nws tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv lub ntsws, qhov chaw uas nws tuaj yeem ua rau hnoos, hemoptysis lossis vomica (kev tshem tawm ntawm cov ntshav los yog kua paug thaum hnoos) thiab muaj teeb meem vim cyst rupture.
- Protozoa: Kab laum kuj kis tau kab mob los ntawm cov protozoa Balantidium coli, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia plab hnyuv, Toxoplasma gondii thiab Trypanosoma cruzi (ua rau. Kab mob Chagas).
Viral disease
Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias kab laum tuaj yeem kis tau, tswj thiab kis tau qee yam kab mob, xws li Coxsackie (uas ua rau tus kab mob hu ua Hand Foot and Mouthfeem ntau hauv cov menyuam mos thiab menyuam yaus, uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim cov pob liab liab ntawm ob txhais tes thiab ko taw thiab mob mob hauv qhov ncauj) thiab tus kab mob polio uas ua rau poliomyelitis Lawv Kuj tseem xav tias yog tus kab mob kab mob siab vim yog tau mus cuag cov quav ntawm cov neeg mob lossis cov khoom noj uas tau kis tus kab mob no.
kab mob fungal
Kab laug sab kuj yog tus tswv rau cov kab mob ua rau kab mob ntsws, xws li Aspergillus fumigatus thiab Aspergillus niger, txuam nrog cov kab mob pathological.
Txoj kev tsis haum tshuaj
Tab sis ntawm cov kab mob no, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam hawb pob rau cov neeg rhiab los ntawm kev nqus cov protein uas kab laum muaj nyob hauv lawv lub cev thiab koj daim tawv nqaij. Kuj tseem muaj cov neeg ua xua rau cov quav thiab qaub ncaug ntawm cov arthropods, uas tshwm sim thaum nqus tau pa ntawm qhov chaw uas lawv tau nyob.
Ntxiv rau kab laum, lwm yam tsiaj uas nyiam kis kab mob ntau dua rau tib neeg yog nas. Vim li no, peb xav kom koj nyeem lwm tsab xov xwm txog Kab Mob uas nas kis mus rau tib neeg.
kab mob dab tsi tuaj yeem kis rau peb cov dev thiab miv?
Miv thiab dev tuaj yeem kis tau tus kab mob protozoa, cyst-forming parasites, los ntawm kab laum. Qee cov protozoa no yog:
- Kab mob hauv lub cev: Toxoplasma gondii tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlwb tuag rau cov miv, ua rau cov kab mob ntsig txog lub plab, siab, thiab cov hnyuv, pancreas., ntsws, leeg, paj hlwb thiab ob lub qhov muag.
- Musculature cysts: cov protozoan Sarcocystis spp. tuaj yeem ua rau cysts hauv cov leeg ntawm cov dev thiab miv. Lawv kuj ua rau ntshav ntshav, ua npaws, alopecia lossis nce qib plasma enzymes (GOT, CPK AND LDH).
- Neuromuscular teeb meem: Neospora caninum cuam tshuam rau cov dev, nrog rau cov menyuam dev thiab cov dev loj dua, ua rau muaj cov tsos mob ntawm neuromuscular, xws li limb paralysis, cov leeg mob nrog rau atrophy thiab flaccidity, nqos nyuaj, tuag tes tuag taw ntawm lub puab tsaig thiab lub ncauj tsev menyuam tsis muaj zog, uas tuaj yeem ua rau myocarditis thiab tuag sai sai rau qhov mob hnyav.
- Cov teeb meem hauv plab: Kab laum kuj kis tau cov qe ntawm flatworm Echinococcus granulosus rau tib neeg, tab sis hauv dev thiab miv tsis muaj hydatid cyst tsim, tab sis theej lodges nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv ntawm cov tsiaj no, feem ntau yog asymptomatic. Tsuas yog thaum cov kab mob cab hnyav heev tuaj yeem pom tias muaj kab mob enteritis lossis mob me me thiab ntuav plab hnyuv tshwm sim. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias dev thiab miv yog tus tswv tsev ntawm cov kab mob cab thiab tsis yog cov neeg nruab nrab xws li ruminants lossis npua, lossis cov tswv tsev tsis zoo xws li tib neeg. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom deworm peb cov dev thiab miv kom tsis txhob zoonosis no.
- Digestive problems: Lwm yam kab mob uas kis tau los ntawm kab laum yog roundworms, uas belongs rau pawg nematodes, yog Toxacara canis tus cab. ntawm dev, Toxacara cati uas ntawm miv thiab Toxascaris leonina ntawm ob qho tib si. Cov kab mob no kis mus rau lub ntsws thiab daim siab tom qab noj (los ntawm kev yos hav zoov lossis noj kab laum) thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau lawv qhov chaw kawg, txoj hnyuv, qhov chaw uas lawv tsim cov tsos mob plab. Nws yog ib tug zoonosis, thiab kis tau los ntawm unhygienic cwj pwm, feem ntau yog rau cov me nyuam. Hookworm nematodes kuj tuaj yeem kis tau los ntawm tib txoj kev, ua rau mob hnyav dua hauv cov dev thiab miv. Lawv yog cov cab uas pub ntshav, thiab tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov pos hniav daj vim yog cov ntshav liab uas ua rau, raws plab, tsaus nti, plaub hau tsis zoo, hnoos, ntsws puas, lethargy thiab tsis muaj peev xwm nce qhov hnyav. Cov kab mob no tseem tuaj yeem kis mus rau tib neeg los ntawm daim tawv nqaij thaum cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob no nkag mus rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ua rau tus mob hu ua "cutaneous larva migrans" los yog qhov ncauj vim kev tu cev tsis zoo, tom kawg yog mob me, vim lawv tsis yog tus kab mob. Cov tswv tsev tseem ceeb rau cov kab mob no thiab tsis txhob dhau los ua neeg laus kom txog thaum lawv ncav cuag txoj hnyuv.
Kab laug sab kuj zoo li kis tau mus rau dev thiab miv, xws li hauv tib neeg, enterobacteria thiab salmonellosis, ua rau cov tsos mob tshwm sim. gastroenteric nyob rau hauv peb cov dev thiab miv.
Yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob kis los ntawm kab laum?
Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob los ntawm kab laum yog siv qee yam kev tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob nkag mus hauv tsev thiab yog li tiv thaiv lawv kom tsis txhob kis cov zaub mov lossis qhov chaw uas peb nquag mus, xws li:
- Kev tu cev zoo: ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj thiab khoom noj khoom haus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas yuav tsis siv tom qab. ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
- Seal any qhov hauv tsev: as well as check the pipes and possible place where the insects can stay, as well as yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob muaj kab. cov av noo uas lawv nyiam heev. Cov chaw saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv yuav tsum tswj xyuas cov khoom nkag uas tuaj yeem nqa cov qe kab laum lossis nymphs.
- Laurel: Lwm qhov kev xaiv yog siv cov tshuaj hauv tsev los tiv thaiv kab laum, xws li tso laurel, vim nws tsis hnov tsw ntawm lawv.
- Saib peb cov tsiaj: yog peb pom tias peb tus dev lossis miv nyob ze ntawm kab laum, peb yuav tsum tsis txhob noj nws, nrog rau kev tswj hwm. Xyuas kom koj cov zaub mov thiab dej huv huv thiab kom deb ntawm cov kab no.
Thaum muaj tus kab mob plague lawm, cov kev ntsuas no yuav tsis txaus thiab yuav tsim nyog hu rau cov kws tshaj lij.
