Dinosaurs yog cov tsiaj tseem ceeb thaum Mesozoic. Thoob plaws lub sijhawm no, lawv tau sib txawv thiab nthuav dav thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Ib txhia ntawm lawv dared los colonize huab cua, ua rau txawv hom ya dinosaurs thiab, thaum kawg, rau noog.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov tsiaj ya loj uas feem ntau hu ua dinosaurs tsis yog, tab sis yog lwm hom tsiaj reptiles Koj puas xav paub ntxiv? Tsis txhob nco cov kab lus no ntawm peb qhov chaw hais txog hom ya dinosaurs: npe thiab cov duab.
Flying Dinosaur Lessons
Thaum lub sij hawm Mesozoic, ntau hom dinosaurs populated tag nrho lub ntiaj teb, dhau los ua cov vertebrates tseem ceeb. Peb tuaj yeem muab cov tsiaj no ua ob qhov kev txiav txim:
- Ornithischians (Ornithischia): Lawv hu ua "noog-hipped" dinosaurs, txij li cov ceg pubic ntawm lawv cov qauv pelvic yog oriented caudally. (mus rau tus Tsov tus tw), raws li nyob rau hauv niaj hnub noog. Cov dinosaurs no yog herbivorous thiab ntau heev. Lawv qhov kev faib tawm thoob ntiaj teb, tab sis lawv tau ploj mus hauv Cretaceous-Tertiary txwv.
- Saurischia (Saurischia): cov no yog "lizard-hipped" dinosaurs. Lub pubic ceg ntawm saurischians muaj ib tug cranial orientation, raws li nyob rau hauv niaj hnub cov tsiaj reptiles. Qhov kev txiav txim no suav nrog txhua yam ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg dinosaurs nrog rau ntau cov tsiaj txhu. Txawm hais tias feem ntau ntawm lawv tau ploj mus nyob rau thaj tsam Cretaceous-Tertiary, qee qhov ntawm lawv tau dim: noog lossis ya dinosaurs.
Kawm ya dinosaurs
Cov tsos ntawm ya nyob rau hauv dinosaurs yog ib tug qeeb txheej txheem thaum lub sij hawm adaptation ntawm cov noog niaj hnub tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv raws sij hawm kev txiav txim ntawm tsos, cov no yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm ya dinosaurs:
- Peb Ntiv: Tes tsuas muaj peb tus ntiv tes ua haujlwm thiab cov pob txha hollow, hnyav dua. Cov yam ntxwv no tshwm sim txog 230 lab xyoo dhau los hauv suborder Theropoda.
- : ua tsaug rau ib tsoom phooj ywg sawv daws. Tus paub zoo Velociraptor muaj cov yam ntxwv no, uas tso cai rau nws mus yos hav zoov nrog lub tshuab ntawm caj npab.
- Feathers (thiab ntau dua): thim rov qab ntawm thawj tus ntiv taw, caj npab ntev, txo tus naj npawb ntawm vertebrae, luv luv Tail thiab tsos ntawm plaub Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov theem no tuaj yeem glide thiab tej zaum txawm tias flap lawv tis rau lub teeb ya.
- Coracoid pob txha: zoo li cov pob txha coracoid (txuas lub xub pwg mus rau lub thorax), caudal vertebrae fused ua tus Tsov tus tw ntawm cov noog lossis pygostyle thiab prehensile taw. Dinosaurs uas muaj cov yam ntxwv no yog arboreal thiab muaj zog wingbeats rau ya.
- Alula pob txha: Cov tsos ntawm alula, cov pob txha tshwm sim los ntawm fusion ntawm atrophied ntiv tes. Cov pob txha no txhim kho kev ya davhlau maneuverability.
- Tail, back and sternum short: shortening of the tail and back and keeled sternum. Cov no yog cov cim uas ua rau cov noog ya niaj hnub no.
Type of flying dinosaurs
Flying dinosaurs suav nrog thiab suav nrog (nug) ob qho tib si tsiaj txhu thiab ntau hom tsiaj txhu thiab omnivorous dinosaurs. Tam sim no peb paub cov yam ntxwv uas, me me, ua rau cov noog, cia peb pom qee hom ya dinosaurs lossis cov noog qub:
Archaeopteryx
Nws yog ib tug genus ntawm cov noog thaum ub uas nyob thaum lub sij hawm lig Jurassic, txog 150 lab xyoo dhau los. Lawv raug suav hais tias yog daim ntawv hloov pauv ntawm flightless dinosaurs thiab niaj hnub noog. Lawv tsis ntsuas ntau tshaj ib nrab ib 'meter', lawv tis ntev thiab lawv muaj plaub. Txawm li cas los xij, xav tias tsuas glide thiab tej zaum yuav yog tsob ntoo nuthatches.
Iberomesornis
Nws yog ib tug flying dinosaur uas nyob thaum lub sij hawm Cretaceous, txog 125 lab xyoo dhau los. Nws ntsuas tsis ntau tshaj 15 centimeters, muaj prehensile taw, pygostyle thiab coracoids. Nws cov pob txha tau pom hauv Spain.
Ichthyornis
Nws yog ib tug thawj toothed noog nrhiav tau thiab raug suav tias yog Charles Darwin yog ib qho pov thawj zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txoj kev xav. ntawm evolution. Cov ya dinosaurs no nyob 90 lab xyoo dhau los thiab muaj tisspan txog 17 ntiv tes. Sab nraud, lawv zoo ib yam li cov seagulls niaj hnub no.
Dinosaurs thiab pterosaurs
Raws li koj tau pom, hom ya dinosaurs tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog qhov koj xav txog. Qhov ntawd yog vim cov tsiaj reptiles ya zoo ntawm Mesozoic tsis tau dinosaurs, tab sis pterosaurs Tab sis vim li cas? Nov yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ob:
- tis: Cov tis ntawm pterosaurs yog membranous expansions uas koom nrog plaub ntiv tes ntawm tes nrog rau sab caj npab. Txawm li cas los xij, tis ntawm ya dinosaurs lossis noog tau hloov kho forelimbs, uas yog, lawv yog pob txha.
- Limbs: dinosaurs muaj cov ceg tawv hauv qab lawv lub cev, txhawb nqa lawv qhov hnyav tag nrho thiab cia lawv tuav lub cev nruj. Pterosaurs, ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj lawv cov ceg ceg txuas mus rau ob sab ntawm lub cev. Qhov sib txawv no yog vim qhov tseeb tias lub plab zom mov sib txawv heev hauv txhua pab pawg.
Types of pterosaurs
Pterosaurs, tsis zoo lub npe hu ua ya dinosaurs, yog lwm hom tsiaj reptile uas nyob nrog cov dinosaurs tiag tiag thaum lub sij hawm Mesozoic. Muaj ntau tsev neeg ntawm pterosaurs uas paub, yog li peb yuav pom tsuas yog qee genera:
Pterodactyls
Cov tsiaj reptiles uas paub zoo tshaj plaws yog pterodactyls (Pterodactylus), ib tug genus ntawm carnivorous pterosaurs uas pub rau tsiaj me. Zoo li feem ntau pterosaurs, pterodactyls muaj crest on their heads uas yog tej zaum hu ua kev sib deev.
Quetzalcoatlus
Cov Quetzalcoatlus loj yog ib tug genus ntawm pterosaurs teej tug mus rau tsev neeg Azhdarchidae. Cov tsev neeg no suav nrog cov loj tshaj plaws hom ya "dinosaurs" paub.
Quetzalcoatlus, muaj npe tom qab Aztec deity, tuaj yeem ncav cuag wingspan ntawm 10-11 meters thiab tej zaum yog cov tsiaj txhu. Nws xav tias lawv yog adapted for terrestrial life thiab quadrupedal locomotion.
Rhamphorhynchus
ranforhynchus yog ib tug me me pterosaur, nrog ib tug wingspan ntawm yuav luag ob meters. Nws lub npe txhais tau tias "snout nrog beak" thiab yog vim lub fact tias nws muaj ib tug snout xaus nyob rau hauv ib tug beak tsis muaj hniav ntawm lub apex. Txawm hais tias, tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, nws qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws yog nws tail, nquag piav qhia hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab.
Lwm yam piv txwv ntawm pterosaurs
Lwm hom "flying dinosaurs" suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- Preondactylus
- Dimorphodon
- Campylognathoides
- Anurognathus
- Pteranodon
- Arambourgiana
- Nyctosaurus
- Ludodactylus
- Mesadaactylus
- Sordes
- Ardeadactylus
- Campylognathoides
Tam sim no koj paub hom ya dinosaurs uas muaj nyob, koj kuj yuav txaus siab rau lwm tsab xov xwm ntawm peb qhov chaw hais txog Prehistoric Marine Tsiaj.
