Kev pub tsiaj txhu yog txheej txheem tseem ceeb rau lawv txoj sia. Txhua pab pawg tau tsim ntau txoj hauv kev kom tau txais thiab ua zaub mov, uas yog qhov tshwj xeeb rau lawv txhua tus. Hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, cov tsiaj muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm lawv lub cev, lub cev, lub peev xwm thiab hom kev noj haus. Qhov no yog li cas, nyob rau hauv ntau haiv neeg ntawm cov tsiaj nyob, peb pom carnivores, uas muaj ntau yam sib txawv thiab pib lawv txoj kev noj ntawm lwm yam tsiaj.
Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb xav nthuav qhia tshwj xeeb txog carnivorous mammals, yam ntxwv thiab piv txwv . Ua tsaug thiab nyeem ntxiv.
mammalian tsiaj, ntawm lwm yam nta, yog txawv tsuas yog los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm mammary uas lawv pub lawv cov tub ntxhais hluas Raws li rau lawv cov zaub mov, peb nrhiav tau ntau pab pawg, ib tug ntawm lawv yog cov tsiaj txhu, uas yog cov tsiaj uas muaj cov hniav sib txawv, uas qhia txog txoj kev ua neej no uas cuam tshuam nrog kev noj zaub mov tshwj xeeb siv lwm yam tsiaj
Feem ntau, cov tsiaj muaj plaub hom hniav: incisors, uas yog yoog rau tom, txiav thiab gnawing; canines, uas yog siv los ntes thiab tsim kua muag; premolars thiab molars, nws txoj haujlwm yog txuam nrog kev sib tsoo khoom noj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev kho hniav no hloov maj mam thiab ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau hom tsiaj uas muaj nyob ntawm lawv cov khoom noj.
Evolution of carnivorous mammals
Cov tsiaj nyeg tau hloov zuj zus ntau lab xyoo, mus los ntawm cov tsiaj me, tsis muaj plaub hau thiab ectothermic, mus rau cov neeg sawv cev tam sim no uas peb pom qee qhov loj me, endothermic thiab plaub hau. Tsis txhob nco peb tsab xov xwm ntawm Evolution ntawm cov tsiaj.
", niaj hnub no ib lo lus nyob rau hauv disuse vim lawv tsis sib haum mus rau cov tsiaj reptiles thiab, yog li ntawd, nws yog hloov los ntawm "synapsids" (therapsids), leej twg tsim. ib tug series ntawm cov yam ntxwv xws li ib tug thib ob palate, expansion ntawm cov pob txha maxillary thiab sib txawv ntawm cov hniav, cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj carnivorous.
Los ntawm cov pab pawg ntawm thawj synapsids muaj kev sib txawv rau ob qho tib si herbivorous thiab carnivorous tsiaj. Primitive mammals nyob nrog cov dinosaurs thiab me me, pub rau kab thiab muaj tus cwj pwm nocturnal. Tom qab ntawd, thaum cov dinosaurs tau ploj mus, lawv tau kov yeej lub ntiaj teb. Niaj hnub no cov tsiaj nyeg tsiaj tau muab faib ua pawg loj hu ua Carnivoramorpha, qhov chaw uas lawv cov txheeb ze uas ploj lawm kuj nyob.
Tam sim no, cov tsiaj no raug cais raws li hauv qab no:
- Nyob Kingdom
- Phylum: Chordates
- :
- Order: Carnivores
- Suborder: Caniformia and Feliformia
The suborder Caniformia yog tsim los ntawm cov tsev neeg hauv qab no:
- Canidae: hma, coyotes, dev, jackals, and hma.
- Mephitidae: skunks and badgers.
- Mustelidae: weasels, badgers and otters, and others.
- Odobenidae: walruses.
- Otariidae: tsov ntxhuav los yog tsov ntxhuav (eared seals).
- Phocidae: muaj tseeb foob (tsis muaj pob ntseg).
- Procyonidae: raccoons and coatis, and others.
- Ursidae: bears.
Thaum nyob rau hauv lub suborder Feliformia peb pom cov tsev neeg hauv qab no:
- Eupleridae: Malagasy mongooses.
- Felidae: all felines.
- Herpestidae: mongooses.
- Hyaenidae: hyenas.
- Nandiniidae: African xibtes civet.
- Viverridae: viverrids.
Txoj yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg
Thaum qhov kev faib tawm yog paub, uas tso cai rau peb kom tau txais ib lub tswv yim me ntsis ntawm cov pab pawg no ntawm cov tsiaj yuav zoo li cas, peb qhia hauv qab no cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg thiab lawv txhua tus muaj qhov sib xws.:
- Lawv noj zaub mov tsuas yogthiab noj tsawg dua cov herbivores.
- Lawv tau muab cov hniav muaj zog nrog zoo drilling thiab txiav muaj peev xwm.
- Nws cov qauv heterodont tau yoog rau kev rhuav tshem cov nqaij thiab, nyob ntawm seb hom kev noj haus, qee qhov sib txawv yuav muaj nyob hauv pawg.
- Lawv muaj qhov .
- Caniforms yuav muaj ntau protruding los yog elongated snouts thiab ntau cov hniav tshaj feliforms.
- Its libs muaj claws nrog rau kev siv lub zog tseem ceeb.
- Lawv txheej txheem thiab zom cov nqaij protein ntau yooj yim dua li zaub mov.
- ZAUM
- Lawv tau tsim muaj zog, txawj ntse, agility thiab ceev mus ntes lawv cov tsiaj.
- Lawv nthuav tawm ib tug , zoo li peb pom cov piv txwv sib txawv xws li tsov, aub thiab tsov ntxhuav.
ZAUBNOJ NIAM PAUB LOJ HAIV NEEG
Type and example of carnivorous mammals
Raws li peb tau pom, cov tsiaj yug tsiaj yog ib pawg neeg sib txawv, ua los ntawm 15 tsev neeg, 128 genera, 290 hom thiab 1247 subspecies. Cia peb paub hom thiab qee qhov piv txwv ntawm lawv:
Lawv tsim los ntawm hma, coyotes, dev, jackals thiab hma. Ntawm cov tsiaj no peb pom, raws li qhov xav paub txog qhov tseem ceeb, tus khub dev yog los ntawm kev yug los ntawm hom hma.
Qee hom canids uas peb tuaj yeem hu ua piv txwv ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg yog cov hauv qab no, txawm hais tias txhua tus ntawm pawg no pub rau lwm tus tsiaj:
- Gray Hma (Canis lupus)
- Red Fox (Vulpe vulpes)
- African Wild Dog (Lycaon pictus)
Tshwj xeeb los ntawm lawv cov qog nqaij hlav, ntawm no yog cov skunks thiab stinky badgers. Peb muaj qee qhov piv txwv hauv:
- Pygmy spotted skunk (Splogale pygmaea)
- Hooded Skunk (Mephitis macroura)
- Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)
Mustelids
Ntawm no yog ib pab pawg neeg muaj tsiaj txhu uas muaj badgers, weasels, stoats, mink, and otters, thiab lwm yam. Peb hais txog qee hom:
- Sea otter (Enhydra lutris)
- Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra)
- American badger (Taxidea taxus)
- Eurasian badger (Meles meles)
Walruses
Muaj ib hom walrus (Odobenus rosmarus), uas muaj ob subspecies, Atlantic walrus (O. r. rosmarus) thiab Pacific walrus (O. r. divergens), ob leeg carnivorous.
Otarids
lions los yog tsov ntxhuav, qee zaum hu ua eared seals, muab tso rau hauv tsev neeg no. Qee hom neeg sawv cev tshaj plaws yog cov hauv qab no:
- Antarctic Fur Seal (Arctophoca gazella)
- South American Hiav Txwv Liab (Otaria flavescens)
- Galapagos hiav txwv tsov (Wollebaeki zalophus)
Tseem Xyooj tsis muaj pob ntseg thiab muab tso rau hauv pab pawg no. Qee qhov piv txwv uas peb tuaj yeem hais tau yog:
- Common or Spotted Seal (Phoca vitulina)
- Northern Elephant Seal (Mirounga angustirostris)
- Mediterranean hauj sam foob (Monachus monachus)
Procyonids
Ntawm no yog ib pab pawg me me ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg tsiaj txhu txog nws txoj kev sau se. Qee hom ntawm tsev neeg yog:
- Bushy-tailed Olingo (Bassaricyon gabbii)
- Mountain Coati (Nasuella olivacea)
- South American los yog crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus)
Ursids
bears yog ib tsev neeg muaj yim hom thiab ntau yam subspecies, muaj qee qhov piv txwv zoo heev thiab muaj kev xav paub txog kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo, raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm panda dais (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), uas feem ntau siv xyoob, thiab polar dais (Ursus maritimus), uas yog qhov pib ntawm cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj.
Feem ntau, bears suav hais tias yog omnivorous tsiaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais txog lub polar bears, uas nws cov zaub mov tsuas yog carnivorous, yog li qhov no yuav yog tus piv txwv tshaj plaws ntawm pab pawg no yog hais tias peb tham txog carnivorous mammals..
Malagasy mongooses
Cov tsiaj no yog cov tsiaj txhu uas muaj sia nyob rau Madagascar, suav nrog:
- Madagascar Civet (Fossa fossana)
- Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (Galidictis fasciata)
Ib tug heev peculiar thiab muaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm carnivorous mammals, yam ntxwv ntawm lawv agility mus yos hav zoov, uas muaj xws li los ntawm loj hom, xws li tsov ntxhuav thiab tsov, mus rau ntau me me xws li cov miv.
Hais txog tej hom, peb muaj cov piv txwv nram qab no:
- Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)
- Puma (Puma concolor)
- Borneo liab miv (Catopuma badia)
- Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)
- Siberian tsov (Panthera tigris ssp. altaica)
- Congo tsov ntxhuav (Panthera leo azandica)
Mongooses yog ib pab pawg uas muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab yog cov neeg yos hav zoov uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo heev uas txawm raug cov nab venomous. Peb tuaj yeem xav txog cov piv txwv hauv qab no:
- Meerkat (Suricata suricatta)
- Small grey mongoose (Galerella pulverulenta)
- Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon)
Hyenas
Lwm yam ntawm cov neeg sawv cev tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg yog cov hyena sib xws. Lawv yog cov tsiaj nyob rau ntawm feliformes, tshwj xeeb rau tsev neeg Hyaenidae, thiab muab faib ua plaub hom:
- Stried hyena (Hyaena hyaena)
- Brown hyena (Parahyaena brunnea)
- Garden Hma (Proteles cristata)
- Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta)
African Palm Civet
Ntawm no yog hom tsiaj yug tsiaj ib genus thiab hom, uas yog haiv neeg African thiab hu ua African Civet ntawm lub xibtes ntoo (Nandinia binotata).
Viverridos
Haiv neeg rau Africa, Asia, thiab Madagascar, lawv yog ib pawg neeg sib txawv uas feem ntau hu ua civets thiab genets. Qee hom yog:
- Otter Civet (Cynogale bennettii)
- Binturong (Arctictis binturong)
- Palm Civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus)
Thaum kawg, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau hais tias cov pab pawg tau hais los saum no yog raws li kev faib tawm ntawm kev txiav txim Carnivora. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ob peb hom ntawm cov uas tau hais tias tsis ua raws li kev noj zaub mov nruj, tab sis yog omnivores, xws li rooj plaub ntawm raccoon, qee dais thiab xibtes civet, thiab lwm yam.
