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Cov txheej txheem:

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Anonim
Hom hiav txwv urchins fetchpriority=siab
Hom hiav txwv urchins fetchpriority=siab

Echinoids, feem ntau hu ua hiav txwv urchins thiab hiav txwv nyiaj, yog ib feem ntawm cov chav kawm Echinoidea. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm lub hiav txwv urchin suav nrog nws cov duab sib npaug thiab globose hauv qee hom thiab, ntawm chav kawm, nws nto moo spikes. Txawm li cas los xij, lwm hom tsiaj hiav txwv urchins tuaj yeem ua puag ncig thiab flattened. Lub hiav txwv urchin muaj calcareous skeleton, uas ua rau nws lub cev thiab qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, yog ua los ntawm daim hlau uas tiv thaiv nws sab hauv raws li ib tug plhaub thiab los ntawm uas tawm los quills or posuas muaj kev txav mus los. Lawv nyob hauv txhua lub hiav txwv ntawm lub ntiaj teb, muaj peev xwm ncav cuag seabeds mus txog 3,000 meters tob, thiab pub rau ntau hom ntses, algae thiab lwm yam invertebrates. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv nthuav tawm ntau yam xim, uas ua rau lawv ntxim nyiam dua.

Ntawm qhov kwv yees 950 hom uas muaj nyob , ob hom hiav txwv urchins tuaj yeem pom: ntawm ib sab, cov urchins tsis tu ncua, uas lawv yog spherical nyob rau hauv cov duab thiab lawv lub cev yog them nrog ntau spines ntawm txawv lengths; thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov tsis sib xws hedgehogs, uas yog flattened thiab nrog tsawg dua cov nqaj qaum, cov no yog cov xuab zeb nyiaj. Koj puas tau xav tias hom hiav txwv urchins yog dab tsi? Yog tias koj xav paub qhov ntawd thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua tus, tsis txhob hnov qab tsab xov xwm no ntawm peb lub xaib uas peb yuav qhia koj cov piv txwv ntawm txhua hom.

Hmoob hiav txwv urchins

Ntawm cov dej hiav txwv tsis tu ncua, uas yog, cov neeg uas muaj lub cev spherical lub cev thiab tag nrho ntawm spikes, cov hom kab ntau tshaj yog cov hauv qab no.: ib

Hiav txwv urchin (Paracentrotus lividus)

Cov hom no, tseem hu ua sea chestnut, yog ib qho ntawm ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Hiav Txwv Mediterranean, thiab muaj nyob rau hauv Dej hiav txwv Atlantic, qhov twg nws nyob hauv cov pob zeb hauv qab thiab cov nyom marine. Nws yog ib qho uas pom lawv hauv qhov tob txog li 30 meters thiab Lawv muaj peev xwm tawg pob zeb mos nrog lawv cov txha nraub qaum, thiab tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau hauv qhov lawv tsim. Nws lub cev kheej kheej ntsuas txog 7 cm inch thiab muaj ntau yam xim, uas muaj peev xwm muaj xim av, ntsuab, xiav thiab violet tones.

Hom Hiav Txwv Urchins - Hom Hiav Txwv Urchins
Hom Hiav Txwv Urchins - Hom Hiav Txwv Urchins

Large sea urchin (Echinus esculentus)

Tseem hu ua European edible urchin, hom no muaj nyob thoob teb chaws Europe. Feem ntau, nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 1,000 meters sib sib zog nqus thiab nquag thaj chaw nrog cov tawv tawv thiab pob zeb hauv qab. Nws txoj kab uas hla nws txawv ntawm 10 mus rau 17 cm thiab nws muaj qhov luv luv nrog cov lus qhia ntshav Lwm lub cev muaj qhov sib tw xim liab, txawm hais tias nws muaj peev xwm txawv ntawm liab dawb mus rau daj ntseg liab los yog ntsuab tones.

It is a species categorized "Near Threatened" los ntawm IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) vim kev nuv ntses ntau dhau, vim nws yog hom neeg noj.

Hom ntawm hiav txwv urchins
Hom ntawm hiav txwv urchins

Green sea urchin (Psammechinus miliaris)

Kuj hu ua ntug hiav txwv urchin, hom no tau faib rau hauv Dej Hiav Txwv Atlantic, muaj ntau heev nyob rau sab qaum teb Hiav Txwv. Feem ntau, cov tsiaj no nyob mus txog 100 meters tob, hauv cov pob zeb uas muaj ntau ntawm algae. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog heev pom nws txuam nrog xim av algae. Nws kuj muaj ntau heev nyob rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm seagrass meadows thiab oyster txaj. Nws ntsuas txog 6 cm inch thiab xim ntawm nws lub plhaub yog greyish brown, hos nws cov spines ntsuab nrog cov lus qhia ntshav

Hom ntawm hiav txwv urchins
Hom ntawm hiav txwv urchins

Fire urchin (Astropyga radiata)

Cov tsiaj no tau muab faib thoob plaws hauv dej hiav txwv Indian thiab Pacific, feem ntau hauv qhov tob uas tsis tshaj 30 meters thiab nyiam dua nrog cov xuab zeb hauv qab. Nws tseem nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm coral reefs. Nws yog ib hom tsiaj loj thiab nws cov xim txawv los ntawm tsaus liab mus rau lub teeb xim xws li beige, txawm li cas los kuj muaj cov dub, violet lossis txiv kab ntxwv. Lawv ntev liab lossis dub spines, uas yog tshuaj lom thiab siv los tiv thaiv, yog lawv yog pawg nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas qee thaj tsam ntawm lub cev yog uncovered thiab ib tug V tuaj yeem pom, uas, ntxiv rau, muaj iridescence nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas lawv zoo li ci. Nws txoj kab uas hla tuaj yeem tshaj 20 cm thiab, ntxiv rau nws cov txha nraub qaum txog li 5 cm, ua rau cov hluav taws kub hnyiab yog ib hom kab mob zoo heev.

Hom ntawm hiav txwv urchins
Hom ntawm hiav txwv urchins

Black sea urchin (Diadema antillarum)

Kuj hu ua , cov tsiaj no nyob hauv hiav txwv Caribbean thiab sab hnub poob dej hiav txwv Atlantic, qhov twg nws nyob ntiav ntiav. ntawm coral reefs. Nws ua tiav , vim lawv muaj lub luag haujlwm los tswj cov pejxeem ruaj khov ntawm ntau hom algae, uas txwv tsis pub tuaj yeem npog cov corals. Nws yog herbivorous species , tab sis qee zaum thaum nws cov zaub mov tsis txaus, nws tuaj yeem ua carnivorous , raws li peb piav qhia hauv tsab xov xwm no hais txog Dab tsi ntawm hiav txwv urchins noj? Hom hiav txwv urchin no yog xim dub thiab nws qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws yog qhov muaj cov nqaj ntev, uas ntsuas txog 12 cm, nrog cov neeg loj uas ntsuas tau ntau dua 30 cm.

Hom ntawm hiav txwv urchins
Hom ntawm hiav txwv urchins

Hiav txwv urchins

Tam sim no peb tig mus rau yam tsis xwm yeem ntawm hiav txwv urchins, cov uas lawv lub cev muaj lub cev ntau dua thiab muaj cov txha nraub qaum tsawg dua li cov urchins ib txwm muaj. Cov no yog hom kab mob hiav txwv urchin tshaj plaws:

Heart-shaped sea urchin (Echinocardium cordatum)

Hom kab no kuj muaj npe hu ua Hmoob no tseem hu ua Hmoob no tseem hu ua Hmoob no tseem hu ua Hmoob no hu ua. Nws nyob mus txog me ntsis ntau dua 200 meters tob thiab hauv cov xuab zeb hauv qab, qhov chaw nws tuaj yeem pom tau vim tias, thaum faus, pom muaj kev nyuaj siab. Nws lub cev muaj peev xwm ntsuas tau txog 9 cm thiab yog lub plawv zoo li tus thiab tag nrho los ntawmluv, lub teeb, yuav luag daj spines, uas muab nws cov tsos ntawm cov plaub hau. Nws nyob faus rau hauv cov chav uas nws tus kheej khawb hauv cov xuab zeb thiab qhov tob txog li 15 meters.

Hom hiav txwv urchins - Hom tsis xwm yeem hiav txwv urchins
Hom hiav txwv urchins - Hom tsis xwm yeem hiav txwv urchins

Hiav txwv urchin (Echinocyamus pusillus)

Lub hiav txwv urchin tau faib los ntawm Norway mus rau Sierra Leone, suav nrog Hiav Txwv Mediterranean. Nws feem ntau nyob hauv dej txias thiab tuaj yeem pom mus txog 1,000 meters tob, ntawm cov xuab zeb lossis pob zeb hauv qab. Nws yog ib tug me me hom uas feem ntau tsis tshaj ib centimeter inch thiab yog flattened thiab oval nyob rau hauv cov duab. Nws cov pob txha yog luv thiab densely tau ntim. Nws cov xim yog ntsuab, txawm tias nws lub cev pob txha yog dawb.

Hom ntawm hiav txwv urchins
Hom ntawm hiav txwv urchins

Pacific Sand Dollar (Dendraster excentricus)

Cov hom no, tseem hu ua Western xuab zeb duas, yog neeg Amelikas thiab pom muaj nyob hauv dej hiav txwv Pacific, los ntawm Alaska mus rau Baja California. Nws nyob hauv cov dej khov thiab ntiav, feem ntau ntawm qhov tob tob, txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov tob ntawm ib ncig ntawm 90 meters, qhov twg nws faus nws tus kheej hauv cov xuab zeb hauv qab thiab ntau tus neeg tuaj yeem pab pawg ua ke. Nws cov duab yog flattened, uas tso cai rau nws faus nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv cov xuab zeb. Feem ntau, lawv ntsuas txog 8 cm, txawm hais tias lawv tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 10. Lawv cov xim txawv ntawm xim av mus rau ntshav, thiab lawv lub cev yog npog los ntawmzoo li cov plaub hau zoo li spines

Hom ntawm hiav txwv urchins
Hom ntawm hiav txwv urchins

Tsib qhov xuab zeb duas (Mellita quinquiesperforata)

Cov hom xuab zeb no muaj nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Atlantic hauv North America thiab los ntawm North Carolina mus rau yav qab teb Brazil. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los saib xyuas nws ob qho tib si ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv thiab pob zeb hauv qab, nrog rau hauv thaj chaw coral reef, ntawm qhov tob ntawm ntau dua 150 meters. Nws yog ib hom , vim hais tias feem ntau nws tsis tshaj 10 cm. Zoo li tag nrho lwm cov nyiaj hauv hiav txwv, nws yog flattened ventrally thiab muaj tsib qhib rau saum ntawm nws lub plhaub, uas ua zoo li gillsNws yog npog los ntawm nplua, luv spines uas muab xim ntsuab-xim av.

Hom ntawm hiav txwv urchins
Hom ntawm hiav txwv urchins

Six-hole hedgehog (Leodia sexiesperforata)

Hiav txwv urchin no nyob rau hauv Dej Hiav Txwv Atlantic, nyob rau hauv tropical thiab subtropical thaj chaw, los ntawm North America mus rau South America, qhov twg nws mus txog Uruguay. Nws nyob hauv cov dej ntiav thiab cov hiav txwv mos hauv qab uas nws siv los faus nws tus kheej thiab hauv thaj chaw uas muaj cov nroj tsuag me me, thiab tuaj yeem pom txog li 60 meters tob. Zoo li lwm hom, cov xuab zeb duas no yog flattened dorsoventrally thiab nws cov duab yog yuav luag pentagonal Nws qhov loj me yog qhov sib txawv, vim muaj cov tib neeg los ntawm yuav luag 5 cm mus rau ntau tshaj 13. Thiab raws li nws lub npe qhia, muaj rau lub qhov, hu ua lunules, nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm nws lub plhaub, nrog rau ntau yam luv luv uas npog nws lub cev.

Hom ntawm hiav txwv urchins
Hom ntawm hiav txwv urchins

Lwm hom hiav txwv urchins

Ntxiv nrog rau cov kab lus hais saum toj no, muaj ntau yam ntxiv, xws li:

  • Melon hedgehog (Echinus melo)
  • Red Pencil Hedgehog (Heterocentrotus mammillatus)
  • White sea urchin (Gracilechinus acutus)
  • Snuffbox (Cidaris cidaris)
  • Purple heart urchin (Spatangus purpureus)
  • Red snuffbox (Stylocidaris affinis)
  • Sea Potato (Brissus unicolor)
  • Purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
  • Suav urchin (Tripneustes gratilla)
  • Variegated sea urchin (Lytechinus variegatus)
  • Burrow Hedgehog (Echinometra mathaei)
  • Kina (Evechinus chloroticus)
  • Paj Sand Dollar (Encope emarginata)
  • Sea ncuav mog qab zib (Arachnoides placenta)
  • Red sea urchin (Asthenosoma marisrubri)