Canids yog pawg nyob rau hauv family Canidae, uas muaj ntau hom ntau hom. Cov tsiaj no muaj kev paub zoo heev thiab muaj keeb kwm ntev ntawm kev sib raug zoo nrog tib neeg, txij li nyob rau hauv lawv yog ib co ntawm cov tsiaj khub tseem ceeb rau peb, cov dev hauv tsev.
Los ntawm peb lub xaib peb xav nthuav tawm ib tsab xov xwm hais txog pab pawg no kom koj tuaj yeem kawm txog nws qhov ntau haiv neeg, tus yam ntxwv, hom kev pub mis, qhov chaw lawv nyob thiab hom kev yug me nyuam. Yog li thov caw nej los nyeem ntawv ntxiv kom nej paub txhua tus yam ntxwv ntawm canids thiab lawv hom
Tsev Neeg Canidae tau muab faib ua 3 subfamilies: Hesperocyoninae, Borophaginae thiab Caninae. Txawm li cas los xij, lub ob thawj are extinct, yog li no tsuas muaj ib lub xeem xwb, nyob qhov twg. nyob canids yog pab pawg.
Raws li muaj ntau nyob rau hauv taxonomy rau tej pawg, muaj qee yam sib txawv. Tom ntej no, peb nthuav qhia qhov kev lees paub feem ntau ntawm cov canids [1, 2]:
:: Carnivores
Suborder: Caniformia
Family: Canidae
Subfamily : Caninae
Genders :
- Atelocynus
- Cerdocyon
- Chrysocyon
- Lycalopex
- Lycaon
- Nyctereutes
- Otocyon
- Speothos
- Urocyon
- Vulpes
Ntawm tag nrho cov genera muaj 35 hom thiab ntau yam tseem ceeb ntawm subspecies, nyob rau hauv uas muaj kev sib cav sib ceg. Cov canids tam sim no muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov pom ntawm lub cev, kev nyiam nyob thiab kev lis kev cai.
Evolution of canids
Cov evolutionary kev sib raug zoo ntawm canids tau tag nrho ntawm controversy thiab uncertaintynyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, vim, piv txwv li, tsis muaj tag nrho clarity. ntawm tej kev sib raug zoo. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm hma thiab canids ntawm South America, muaj kev tsis ntseeg txog seb lawv puas yog ib pawg monophyletic, uas yog, lawv tau hloov zuj zus los ntawm ib pab pawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov phylogenetic nam ntawm qee hom tsis tau teev tseg.
Canids muaj kev faib tawm tam sim no rau txhua lub teb chaws, tshwj tsis yog Antarctica, txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv fossil qhia tias thawj cov tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg Canidae keeb kwm hauv Eocene hauv North America thiab tseem nyob mus txog rau thaum kawg ntawm Miocene, thaum lawv tsiv teb tsaws hla Bering Strait mus rau Tebchaws Europe thiab Asia. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub qub ntiaj teb no, cov canids diverged mus rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov tsiaj nrog kev nrhiav tau, piv txwv li, ntawm ntau hom cwj pwm. Rau nws feem, hluav taws xob ntawm cov tsiaj no kuj tshwm sim hauv Asmeskas. Nws tau kwv yees tias, feem ntau, keeb kwm evolutionary ntawm canids muaj peb qhov hluav taws xob loj, ob nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub ntiaj teb tshiab thiab ib qho hauv Eurasia [3]
Canids
Raws li peb tau hais lawm, ntau hom tsiaj muaj qhov sib txawv, txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee yam cov yam ntxwv ntawm canids uas peb tuaj yeem hais.: ib
- Lawv adaptations nyiam lawv ntau rau endurance tshaj ceev.
- Lawv muaj kev tsim kho siab heev hnov tsw thiab hnov , thaum pom kev loj hlob tsawg dua qhov qub.
- feem ntau, lawv muaj moderately elongated ob txhais ceg.
- Lawv feem ntau muaj tsib ntiv taw ntawm lawv ko taw pem hauv ntej thiab plaub ntawm lawv nraub qaum, txawm tias muaj qee qhov kev zam.
- Lawv yog digitigrade tsiaj, uas yog, lawv taug kev ntawm cov ntiv taw thiab tsis txhawb pob taws.
- Nkauj ruam ruam tsis txawj sib hlub.
- Cov txiv neej cov pob txha yog tsim tau zoo.
- Lub ntsej muag ntawm pob txha taub hau yog elongated.
- Lawv muaj nraug 38 thiab 42 tus hniav. Cov canines loj tab sis tsis tshwj xeeb, cov molars yog siv rau kev sib tsoo, thiab carnassials muaj zog heev.
- Lawv feem ntau muaj plua plav thoob plaws hauv lawv lub cev, txawm hais tias nws qhov kev nplua nuj txawv ntawm pawg, raws li nws cov xim.
- Qhov loj thiab qhov hnyav kuj txawv raws li hom.
- Congregation cwj pwm hloov nyob ntawm seb hom canid.
NORATOMILDICATION, lawv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm muajTOWTS
Type of canids
Cov tsiaj no tsim muaj ntau pawg ntawm different genera, which distinguishes different types of canids:
Genus Atelocynus
tib hom nyob rau hauv no genus yog tus short-eared aub (Atelocynus microtis), ib hom uas tau muab faib ua ntau hom, tab sis thaum kawg nws tau txheeb xyuas nws tus kheej. Nws muaj lub taub hau loj, ob txhais ceg luv luv nrog ib daim nyias nyias. Ib yam li ntawd, nws nthuav tawm cov xim tsaus nrog cov qauv sib txawv ntawm cov tib neeg. Nws yog nyob rau qee lub tebchaws Asmeskas Qab Teb.
Genus Canis
No genus yog varied thiab tej zaum ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws paub vim hais tias nws muaj xws li ntau hom canids uas muaj rau peb, xws li: hma, dev, coyotes, jackals thiab dingoesLawv feem ntau nruab nrab mus rau qhov loj me, nrog rau qee qhov tshwj xeeb, feem ntau yog cov dev hauv tsev. Lawv muaj cov hniav muaj zog, zoo-tsim, pob ntseg, thiab luv tails txheeb ze rau lub cev loj. Cov xim thiab lub tsho muaj ntau yam sib txawv.
Tsis txhob nco lwm tsab xov xwm no peb tham txog Hom hma yog koj xav paub ntxiv txog cov canids zoo kawg.
Genus Cerdocyon
Cov genus no suav nrog hom canid hu ua crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), uas yog ib hom neeg nyob hauv South America.. Nws cov tsos zoo ib yam li cov hma liab, uas suav nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov xim xws li grey, reddish, dub thiab dawb. Nws yog tsiaj me thiab nruab nrab.
Genus Chrysocyon
The Maned hma (Chrysocyon brachyurus) yog tib hom uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov genus no. Nws yog ib yam ntawm South America thiab suav hais tias yog qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho cheeb tsam, nrog ib tug ntev txog li 1.3 meters thiab yuav luag ib 'meter' nyob rau hauv qhov siab. Cov plaub ntev yog xim liab-kub.
Genre Cuon
Known as cuon or Asian wild aub (Cuon alpinus), nws muaj nyob rau ntau lub teb chaws hauv cheeb tsam thiab yog tib hom ntawm genus. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov nruab nrab loj txog li 45 cm nyob rau hauv ntev thiab 50 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab. Nws cov snout yog tuab tuab thiab nws cov plaub hau xim txawv nyob ntawm qhov chaw nws nyob, nyob nruab nrab ntawm rusty liab, brownish grey los yog xim liab.
Genus Lycalopex
Cov genus no sib raug rau qee cov tsiaj uas hu ua foxes, txawm hais tias lawv tsis yog tib lub npe uas lub npe hu ua. Muaj rau hom thiab tag nrho cov muaj nyob rau South America:
- Red Fox (Lycalopex culpaeus)
- Chilote Fox (Lycalopex fulvipes)
- Patagonian grey fox (Lycalopex griseus)
- Pampas Fox (Lycaolepx gymnocercus)
- Peruvian Desert Hmab (Lycaolepx sechurae)
- Common Fox (Lycalopex vetulus)
Cov xim, qhov hnyav thiab qhov loj txawv ntawm hom. Hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, lawv tuaj yeem grey nrog cov xim dub lossis daj, xim liab lossis xim av grey, nrog qhov hnyav ntawm 1.8 txog 14 kg.
Lycaon Genre
Nyob rau hauv no genus peb pom tsuas yog ib hom canid, lub African qus dev (Lycaon pictus). Nws lub npe scientific txhais tau hais tias 'painted lossis adorned hma', uas sib haum rau nws cov plaub, uas yog xim dub, xim av, reddish thiab dawb, nrog lub peculiarity uas tus qauv yog tshwj xeeb rau txhua tus tsiaj. Nws ntsuas me ntsis tshaj li ib 'meter' ntev thiab qhov hnyav ntawm 18 txog 36 kg.
Genus Nyctereutes
The raccoon aub (Nyctereutes procyonoides) yog lwm hom canid thiab tib yam hauv cov genus no. Nws yog nyob rau hauv Asia thiab nws yog ib tug peculiar tsiaj uas muaj cov yam ntxwv uas ua rau nws zoo li ntawm ib tug hma me me thiab ib tug raccoon. Cov xim ntawm lub cev yog xim daj daj nyob rau hauv qee kis, nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov xim dub thiab dawb ntawm lub ntsej muag. Nws ntsuas txog li 68 cm ntev thiab nrog qhov hnyav ntawm 4 txog 10 kg.
Genus Otocyon
The eared fox (Otocyon megalotis) yog ib tug canid nyob rau qee thaj tsam ntawm teb chaws Africa thiab tib hom ntawm genus. Nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb yog nws pob ntseg loj uas ntsuas ntau dua 10 cm, uas yog, tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, zoo heev thiab los ntawm nws lub npe hu ua. Lwm qhov peculiarity yog nws cov hniav, vim nws muaj cov hniav ntau dua li cov tsiaj txhu tsiaj txhu. Nws cov xim yog xim daj daj, ua ke hauv qee qhov chaw nrog lub teeb thiab xim dub.
Genus Speothos
Hloov hu ua roob aub (Speothos venaticus), nws yog ib hom tsiaj uas nyob ntawm Panama mus rau Argentina, txawm hais tias nws kuj muaj ib hom tsiaj uas nyob ntawm Panama mus rau Argentina. tsis meej pem hauv ntau lub tebchaws. Nws yog tib lub genus thiab nws yog ib tug tsiaj me, ntsuas txog li 75 cm ntev thiab hnyav txog li 7 kg. Cov plaub yog xim av thiab tsaus rau ntawm tus Tsov tus tw thiab ob txhais ceg, thaum lub voj voog ntawm lub teeb lossis cov plaub hau dawb tshwm nyob ze ntawm caj pas.
Genus Urocyon
Hauv no canid genus muaj ob hom, hu ua grey fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) thiab kob fox (Urocyon littoralis). Cov qub txuas ntxiv los ntawm Canada mus rau Venezuela, thaum lub sijhawm kawg yog nyob rau Tebchaws Meskas. Grey hma liab hnyav los ntawm 2 mus rau 9 kg thiab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov xim dawb, dub, liab thiab grey. Rau nws feem, tus neeg Islander me me, hnyav li ntawm 2 kg, thiab yog greyish-dawb nyob rau hauv cov xim nrog tan los yog daj thiab dawb.
Genus Vulpes
Hom kab mob no sib haum rau hmong true thiab no yog 12 homtxawv, uas yog:
- Bengal fox (V. bengalensis)
- Blanford's fox (V. cana)
- Cape fox (V. chama)
- Corsac fox (V. corsac)
- Tibetan Fox (V. f errilata)
- Arctic Fox (V. lagopus)
- Kit Fox (V. macrotis)
- Pale Fox (V. pallida)
- Rüppel tus hma (V. rueppellii)
- Swift Fox (V. velox)
- Red fox (V. vulpes)
- Fennec Fox (V. zerda)
Lawv qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm 5 txog 11 kg. Lawv yog cov yam ntxwv uas muaj tails ntev thiab ntau pluab. Lawv muaj ib tug dub daim duab peb sab ntawm lub qhov muag thiab lub qhov ntswg, ntxiv rau, lub taub hau ntawm tus Tsov tus tw yog ib tug txawv xim ntawm tus so ntawm lub cev. Kev faib tawm yog nyob ntawm hom, uas tuaj yeem nyob hauv qee lub tebchaws.
Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog hom hma liab hauv lwm tsab xov xwm no.
Canids nyob qhov twg?
Raws li peb tau nyeem txog tam sim no, canids yog ib pawg neeg sib txawv, uas, txawm hais tias lawv muaj qhov sib txawv, kuj muaj ntau qhov sib txawv. Hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, qhov chaw nyob yog ib qho ntawm lawv, txij li cov tsiaj no tuaj yeem nyob ntau hom ecosystems, los ntawm hav zoov, savannahs thiab arid arid mus rau arctic.
Yog li, piv txwv li, tus dev luv-eared nyob hauv Amazon hav zoov; hma, nyob ntawm hom, nyob ntawm thaj chaw arid, hav zoov, prairies mus rau arctic; coyotes nyob hauv cov suab puam, cov nyom, thiab ob lub roob thiab hav zoov; thaum muaj tseeb hma liab yog hom canids uas nyob hauv ntau hom chaw nyob, los ntawm suab puam mus rau arctic.
Canids noj dab tsi?
Canids muaj nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm carnivores, vim lawv nyob ntawm hom kev noj zaub mov kom zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus ntawm lawv tsis yog cov neeg tawv nqaij nruj, tab sis yuav yog omnivores , txawm tias nqaij yog lawv cov zaub mov tseem ceeb. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws kuj yog ib qho uas muaj ntau tus neeg scavengers, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muaj kev tsis txaus.
Cov tsiaj uas yog ib feem ntawm cov canids yog cov neeg yos hav zoov thiab, qee zaum, cov tsiaj txhu tseem ceeb ntawm thaj chaw uas lawv tsim. Feem ntau, lawv nyiam ib leeg mus yos hav zoov, yog li lawv nyiam ua cov haujlwm no nrog pab pawg lossis pob lawv tsim.
How do canids reproduce?
Tag nrho cov canids reproduces deev thiab yog placental mammals. Cov ntaub ntawv kev yug me nyuam ntawm canids vary nyob ntawm pab pawgTxawm li cas los xij, peb tuaj yeem hais txog qee yam uas feem ntau paub qhov txawv ntawm lwm tus tsiaj. Lawv feem ntau yog thaj chaw heev thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tseem hluas. Kuj Lawv yog monogamous thiab ib co txawm khaws tib tus khub mus txog thaum ib tug tuag.
Tseem muaj cov xwm txheej uas muaj peev xwm rov tsim dua yog qhov tsim nyog rau ob peb alpha nrhiav pob. Ntawm qhov tod tes, lawv nyiam dig burrows los yog siv ib tug tso tseg rau tus poj niam los ris cov hluas. Thaum lawv yug los, lawv muab kev saib xyuas rau cov menyuam dev rau ntau tshaj ib xyoos, uas feem ntau muaj ntau thiab tag nrho nyob ntawm cov niam txiv thiab txawm nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg uas pab lawv saib xyuas thiab pub mis. Cov poj niam feem ntau tsuas muaj ib tug estrus thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub thiab gestation nyob rau hauv me me hom yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 50 hnub, thaum nyob rau hauv loj hom 60 los yog me ntsis ntxiv.
Piv txwv ntawm kev ua menyuam yaus
Kom nkag siab zoo txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev yug me nyuam, cia peb saib qee qhov piv txwv:
- The wolves, piv txwv, yog monogamous thiab xwb ob peb alpha reproduce; lwm lub pob tuaj yeem yog lawv rho tawm ntawm pob thiab pib lawv tus kheej pob.
- The common los yog golden jackal (Canis aureus) muaj qhov ntxim nyiam ntawm nws cov kev ua me nyuam, uas yog qhov ntxiv rau kev ua. nruj me ntsis lawm, muaj ib tug los yog ob tug pab leej twg txawm deev hluas nraug los tsis rov los tab sis tseem nrog niam thiab txiv pab tu cov me nyuam tshiab.
- kawg, peb yuav hais tau tias nyob rau hauv pab pawg hmoob tseebpeb nrhiav tau hom tsiaj uas muaj ntau tshaj ib khub.
Kev txuag cov xwm txheej ntawm canids
Ntau hom canids nyob hauv qee lub xeev muaj kev pheej hmoo, raws li International Union for Conservation of Nature. Kev hem thawj feem ntau cuam tshuam rau ncig yos hav zoov ntawm cov tsiaj no, as well as habitat loss Ntau pawg tau raug suav hais tias txaus ntshai thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov tsiaj hauv tsev, tab sis qhov no cuam tshuam nrog kev txo qis ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg, xws li hma, uas raug yuam kom tua tsiaj txhu vim qhov xwm txheej no.
Cia peb paub qee yam example ntawm cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm kev txuag ntawm canids:
- Red hma liab (V. vulpes): ze hem.
- Ethiopian hma (Canis simensis): Kev puas tsuaj.
- Hma liab (Canis rufus): txaus ntshai heev.
- Asian Wild Aub (Cuon alpinus): Endangered.
- Darwin's Fox: (Lycalopex fulvipes): Endangered.
- African Wild Dog (Lycaon pictus): Endangered.
- Island Fox (Urocyon littoralis): Nyob ze hem.
- Wilddog (Speothos venaticus): Nyob ze.
- Maned Hma (Chrysocyon brachyurus): Nyob ze hem.
- Short-eared Aub (Atelocynus microtis): Nyob ze.
Pab tiv thaiv cov tsiaj txhu kom tiv thaiv cov tsiaj zoo li no kom ploj mus.
