Peb paub hippos ua tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg Hippopotamidae. Lawv yog ib tug ntawm cov tsiaj enigmatic tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Lawv lub neej amphibious, nyob nruab nrab ntawm dej thiab av, lawv cov tsos zoo nkauj thiab lawv thaj chaw ua cim tau ua rau lawv nto moo tsiaj thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Tab sis koj puas paub hippos nyob qhov twg?
Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb qhia rau koj txhua yam koj yuav tsum paub txog kev faib tawm thiab | uas tam sim no muaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav pom ntau yam xav paub txog nws cov keeb kwm evolutionary, nws cov ecology thiab nws cov hem. Tsis txhob nco!
hippos tuaj qhov twg?
Hippopotamuses (Hippopotamidae) muag hauv teb chaws Africa thaum lub sij hawm Miocene, txog 23 lab xyoo dhau los. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub sij hawm no, ib tug hoofed mammals, tej zaum ib tug anthracotheriid (Anthracotheriidae), tau nce mus rau ib pawg loj semiaquatic herbivores: thawj hippopotamuses. Thaum kawg ntawm Miocene muaj kev tawg ntawm hippopotamuses. Lawv tau dhau los ua neeg nplua nuj thiab muaj ntau haiv neeg, kis thoob plaws hauv Africa. Twb tau nyob rau hauv Pleistocene, colonized ntau ntawm Tebchaws Europe thiab Asia, suav nrog ntau cov Islands tuaj, xws li Great Britain1 Koj puas xav txog lub ntiaj teb uas muaj hippos?
Hnub no peb paub tias muaj tsawg kawg yog 5 genera thiab mus txog 40 hom2. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau tau ploj mus thoob plaws hauv Quaternary vim kev hloov pauv huab cua thiab kev yos hav zoov loj heev los ntawm tib neeg3..
Tab sis tam sim no? hippos nyob qhov twg? Hnub no muaj ob hom hippos nyob hauv teb chaws Africa: hom hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) thiab pygmy hippopotamus (Chaeropsis liberiensis). Cia wb mus saib lawv nyob qhov twg.
hippo nyob qhov twg?
Nile hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) yog cov hippopotamus loj tshaj plaws Nws yog li 300 cm ntev thiab 150 cm dav qhov siab, muaj peev xwm ncav cuag ntau tshaj 2000 kg. Nws ntev dua thiab luv dua-legged tshaj tus pygmy hippopotamus thiab nws lub cev npog nrog cov plaub hau luv, liab-xim av.
Hnub no cov hippopotamus kuj muaj ntau tshaj. Distributed in sub-Saharan Africa, los ntawm Senegal nyob rau sab hnub poob mus rau South Sudan nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab los ntawm Mali nyob rau sab qaum teb mus rau South Africa nyob rau sab qab teb. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nws nyob hauv 38 lub xeev. Ua ntej nws kis mus rau sab qaum teb, mus txog Algeria thiab tim lyiv teb chaws, tab sis lawv tau ploj mus los ntawm cov tebchaws no nyob rau xyoo 19th.
Hnub no, kwv yees tias muaj li ntawm 115,000 txog 130,000 tus neeg. Lawv cov pejxeem nyob ruaj khov nyob rau theem av loj, tab sis poob qis hauv qee thaj tsam. Yog li ntawd, yog suav tias yog ib hom kab mob yooj yim Nws cov kev hem thawj tseem ceeb yog kev yos hav zoov tsis raug cai, kev hloov pauv huab cua thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, kev poob lossis kev puas tsuaj ntawm nws qhov chaw nyob. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ploj ntawm nws qhov chaw nyob thiab nws thaj chaw ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog tib neeg.
Yog koj xav paub ntau ntxiv, peb pom zoo rau lwm tsab xov xwm ntawm Vim li cas hippos nres.
Nkauj hmoob hippopotamus
Txawm hais tias lawv tau faib dua ib nrab ntawm Africa, cov chaw uas muaj hippos nyob yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Raws li nws lub npe scientific (H. amphibius) qhia, hom hippopotamus yog ib hom tsiaj amphibian. Ib txwm nyob hauv cov chaw nyob hauv dej xws li dej ntws, pas dej, thiab cov av ntub dejThaum lub caij qhuav, nws feem ntau pom muaj av nkos swamps.
Tus tsiaj no siv sij hawm ntau hnub hauv dej thiab tsuas yog tawm thaum hmo ntuj los pub. Qhov no yog vim koj cov tawv nqaij rhiab heev thiab yuav tsum tau moist. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muaj lub tswv yim los tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov: lawv cov tawv nqaij zais cov kua liab uas ua haujlwm ua tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub thiab tshuaj tua kab mob. Yog li ntawd, cov hippos no tsuas yog tawm hauv dej los noj xwb. Raws li peb tau hais nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm hais txog Dab tsi ua hippos noj, lawv yog cov tsiaj txhu thiab noj zaub mov feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob txav ntau dhau, lawv ib txwm nyob nyob ze thaj chaw qhib loj Nyob ntawd, lawv tsim pab tsiaj ntawm 10 mus rau ntau pua tus neeg.
Raws li tej zaum koj yuav xav li cas, qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov hippopotamus yog tag nrho ntawm lub neej. Lawv koom ua ke nrog ntau tus tsiaj, xws li ntxhw, zebras thiab wildebees, uas haus dej hauv tib cov dej. Yuav kom tswj tau qhov kev nplua nuj no, hippos yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Lawv cov quav muab cov as-ham rau hauv dej thiab yog ib qho khoom noj zoo rau cov tsov ntxhuav thiab khej.
pygmy hippopotamus nyob qhov twg?
Cov pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis) yog me dua li cov hippopotamus. Nyhav ntawm 160 txog 270 kg Nws tseem luv thiab leggy, 150-175 cm ntev thiab 75-100 cm siab. Nws ob txhais taw tau yoog rau lub neej hauv av thiab nws lub cev tsis npog nrog plaub.
Thiab pygmy hippos nyob qhov twg? Lawv nyob hauv West African lowland forests, qhov twg muaj ob hom:
Liberiensis liberiensis
liberiensis heslopi
Ua ntej, kev faib ntawm hom no ntau dua, tab sis nws cov pejxeem tau ploj mus. Nws yog ib tug tsiaj uas raug mob hnyav heev thiab raug suav hais tias thiab poob mus ntxiv. Nws yog vim, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm hav zoov los tsim kev sib haum xeeb lossis cog qoob loo, tab sis kuj yog kev yos hav zoov thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov teb chaws uas nws nyob.
Pygmy hippopotamus habitat
Cov pygmy hippopotamus nyob hauv dense low-lying evergreen forests Nws kuj tuaj yeem nyob hauv hav zoov hav zoov ze savannah. Nws yog thaj av ntau dua li cov hippopotamus, txawm hais tias nws feem ntau siv sijhawm ib hnub los yog ze dej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv swamps thiab kwj deg. Nyob ntawd, nws nkaum hauv cov kab noj hniav uas cov dej ntws tawm ntawm ntug dej.
Pygmies kuj tsawg dua nocturnal dua li hippos. Lawv tuaj yeem txav deb ntawm cov dej thaum nruab hnub, txawm tias lawv feem ntau tawm thaum hmo ntuj los nojUa li no, lawv nkag mus rau hauv hav zoov ntsiag to thiab taug kev thiab tunnels. dhau ntawm cov zaub. Lawv yog cov kws txawj camouflaging lawv tus kheej kom tsis txhob muaj predators.
Thiab lawv noj dab tsi? Pygmy hippopotamuses kuj yog cov tsiaj txhu, txawm tias ntau tus kws tshaj lij. Lawv noj tshuaj ntsuab thiab xauj, uas yog, lawv noj nplooj, cag, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab muaj kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo. Raws li cov tsiaj hav zoov zoo, lawv nyob ib leeg ntau dua li cov hippopotamus. Lawv feem ntau nyob ib leeg lossis ua khub
Tab sis lawv tsis nyob ib leeg. Qhov chaw uas pygmy hippos nyob muaj ntau hom, xws li chimpanzees, African ntxhw thiab cercopithecos. Pygmy hippos pab txhawb rau no biodiversity. Lawv yog ib qho ntawm cov nyiam tua tsiaj ntawm cov tsiaj loj loj, xws li khej los yog tsov txaij; thiab lawv zoo heev ntawm kev them nyiaj, txij li thaum lawv kis tau lawv cov quav los ntawm kev txav lawv tus Tsov tus tw los kos lawv thaj chaw.
Hippos in Colombia
Yog koj nyob Colombia, koj yuav paub tias muaj hippos hauv koj lub tebchaws. Lawv yog ib hom neeg qhia thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj. Nws lub xub ntiag yog vim qhov kev xav ntawm tus neeg lag luam uas muaj npe nrov tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm, Pablo Escobar, uas tau sau cov tsiaj loj hauv nws lub vaj tsiaj.
Hnub no, kwv yees tias muaj ntawm 80 thiab 120 hippos hauv Colombia. Cov huab cua nyob hauv lub tebchaws no zoo heev rau lawv, yog li lawv nthuav dav raws cov dej loj. Txawm hais tias nws yuav zoo li qhov zoo, nws yog qhov teeb meem ecological loj.
Pablo Escobar's hippos tau dhau los ua ib hom kab mob, muab cov haiv neegmuaj kev pheej hmoo, xws li manatee thiab ntau hom nroj tsuag. Vim li no, tam sim no tab tom tham txog seb puas yuav ua kom tsis muaj menyuam, thauj lawv lossis tua lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm cov pej xeem hauv zos tawm tsam nws thiab ntseeg tias lawv tuaj yeem nyiam kev ncig xyuas, txhim kho kev lag luam ntawm cheeb tsam 4 Koj xav li cas?
