Dilated cardiomyopathy (lub plawv loj hauv dev), raws li nws lub npe qhia, yog ib qho kab mob uas ua rau lub plawv dhia (atria thiab ventricles). Nws yog ib yam kab mob loj thiab loj heev uas cov nqaij fibers ntawm lub plawv pib degenerate thiab poob lawv txoj haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, ob qho tib si contractile muaj peev xwm ntawm lub plawv thiab txhaws ntawm lub ventricles raug cuam tshuam. Qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo no feem ntau ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm Congestive Heart Failure (CHF).
Cia nyeem tsab xov xwm no rau ntawm peb lub xaib kom paub ntau ntxiv txog dilated cardiomyopathy hauv dev, nws qhov chaw kho mob Cov cim qhia, kuaj mob thiab kho.
Canine dilated cardiomyopathy yog dab tsi?
Dilated cardiomyopathy (lub plawv loj hauv dev) suav hais tias yog idiopathic disease, uas yog, tsis paub keeb kwm. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntau dua rau cov kab mob ntawm qee cov tsiaj, nrog rau kev tshawb nrhiav cov kev hloov pauv caj ces hauv qee yam ntawm cov tsiaj no, qhia tias cov kab mob muaj cov caj ces.
Cov kab mob no suav nrog 0.5% ntawm cov kab mob plawv, thiab yog li ntawd tsis tshua muaj ntau dua li valvular pathologies. Txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov kev hloov pauv sai dua thiab hnyav dua li ntawm cov kab mob valve, yog vim li cas nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj mob ntxov ntawm canine dilated cardiomyopathy.
Muaj ntau dua rau cov kab mob hauv cov dev loj lossis loj heev, xws li Doberman, Boxer, Mastiff, Irish Wolfhound lossis Pyrenees roob, thiab lwm yam. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kab mob nce nrog hnub nyoog , nrog rau cov hnub nyoog nruab nrab ntawm cov dev cuam tshuam los ntawm canine dilated cardiomyopathy oscillating ntawm 4 thiab 8 xyoo laus Tsis tas li, txiv neej zoo li mob ntau zaus dua poj niam.
Clinical signs of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs
Raws li peb tau hais lawm, canine dilated cardiomyopathy (lub plawv loj hauv dev) txhim kho zuj zus. Thaum pib, ib qho "asymptomatic or preclinical phase" ua tau muaj tus kab mob no tab sis tsis pom cov tsos mob tshwm sim. Qhov no yog vim hais tias lub cev teem rau hauv cov lus tsa suab ib tug series ntawm compensatory mechanisms uas sim tiv thaiv qhov pib ntawm lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm. Thaum cov txheej txheem them nyiaj tau dhau los lawm, : ua tsis tiav, xws li:
- Syncopes: cov no yog ntu uas tshwm sim nrog kev tsis nco qab tam sim ntawd, ua raws li kev ua tiav, tshwm sim, thiab feem ntau rov qab los sai sai. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev txo qis hauv cov ntshav mus rau lub hlwb.
- Cov tsos mob ntawm sab laug plawv tsis ua hauj lwm: feem ntau cov tsos mob ua pa xws li hnoos, tachypnea (ua pa ua pa), dyspnea (ua tsis taus pa nyuaj) thiab orthopnea (kev ua pa nyuaj uas tus tsiaj tau txais kev ua pa uas pab ua pa xws li ncab caj dab, taub hau lossis qhib forelimbs ntau dua).
- Signs of right heart failure: jugular distention, positive jugular pulse and ascites.
Diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs
UA HAUJ LWM IB ZAUB MOV NOJ HAIV NEEG Kev kuaj mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qib ntawm lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kuaj mob thaum ntxov yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj vim tias tus neeg mob tsis pom cov tsos mob tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm tus kab mob. Vim li no, nyob rau hauv predisposed breeds nws yog advisable mus ua
kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas txhua xyoo txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov tsos mob ntawm dilatation hauv cov tsiaj uas tseem asymptomatic. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, kev kho mob tuaj yeem tsim ua ntej thiab yog li ua rau muaj qhov muaj sia nyob ntawm tus tsiaj.
Kev kuaj mob ntawm dilated cardiomyopathy (lub plawv loj hauv dev) yuav ua raws li cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
- Clinical history and anamnesis: koj tus kws kho tsiaj yuav nug koj txog qhov muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim tau piav qhia saum toj no, uas yuav tso cai rau dilated. cardiomyopathy yuav suav tau tias yog ib qho kev kuaj mob sib txawv.
- : koj tus kws kho tsiaj yuav kuaj xyuas koj tus tsiaj, ua tib zoo saib xyuas cardiopulmonary auscultation : yog tias nws pom arrhythmias lossis yws yws, nws yuav ua qhov kev sim ntxiv lossis xa koj mus rau tus kws kho mob plawv kom ua lawv.
- : nrog rau ib qho electrocardiogram, X-ray hauv siab thiab echocardiogram. Hauv electrocardiogram, kev hloov pauv xws li kev ua tsis tiav ntxov lossis ventricular extrasystoles thiab atrial fibrillation tuaj yeem pom. Chest radiography yuav qhia cardiomegaly (lub plawv loj) thiab, nyob ntawm seb lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm sab laug los yog txoj cai predominates, pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, dilatation ntawm caudal vena cava, hepatosplenomegaly, thiab ascites yuav pom. Echocardiography yuav qhia, ntawm lwm yam, ventricular dilatation nrog thinning ntawm lub plawv phab ntsa.
Raws li peb tau hais lawm, dilated cardiomyopathy yog kab mob idiopathic. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account tias muaj ntau cov txheej txheem uas, nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev thib ob, yog ua rau lub plawv loj hauv cov dev, tsis yog nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej dilated cardiomyopathy. Yog li, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau kuaj pom tseeb ntawm idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, tag nrho cov txheej txheem thib ob rau myocardial dilation yuav tsum tau txiav tawm ua ntej. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog:
- Nutritional deficiencies: feem ntau taurine thiab L-carnitine deficiencies. Cov zaub mov tsis muaj zaub mov tsis muaj zaub mov zoo li cuam tshuam nrog kev mob plawv.
- kab mob sib kis: kab mob xws li parvovirus, herpesvirus, adenovirus thiab distemper virus, kab mob xws li rickettsiae thiab spirochetes, kab mob xws li Toxoplasma, Toxocara thiab Trypanosoma, thiab fungi.
- kab mob endocrine: xws li hypothyroidism, ntshav qab zib mellitus thiab pheochromocytoma (adrenal medullary qog uas tsim ntau catecholamines).
- Biochemical alterations: xws li altered act and concentration of mitochondrial enzymes, altered calcium homeostasis or altered calcium receptors membrane.
- Cardiotoxic agents (drugs and toxics): suav nrog tshuaj kho mob xws li doxorubicin, histamine, catecholamines, methylxanthines, vitamin D, ethyl alcohol, cob alt thiab lead.
Yog hais tias qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntxiv tau lees paub qhov dilation ntawm lub plawv chambers thiab txhua tus txheej txheem uas ua rau lub plawv dhia tau raug txiav tawm, koj tus kws kho tsiaj yuav muab tshuaj ntsuam xyuas idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
Tshuaj kho mob plawv dilated cardiomyopathy hauv dev
Rau kev kho mob ntawm dilated cardiomyopathy nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau sib txawv seb nws puas yog ib qho mob hnyav lossis mob ntev.
kev kho mob tam sim ntawd thiab mus pw hauv tsev kho mob. Cov hom phiaj kho mob hauv cov mob plawv tsis ua haujlwm yog txhawm rau txhim kho lub plawv dhia, txhim kho oxygenation, thiab txo qis pulmonary edema. Ua li no, treatment yuav tsum suav nrog:
- Drugs positive inotropes xws li dobutamine, kom mob plawv contractility.
- Oxygen therapy, to improve oxygenation.
- Diuretics xws li furosemide thiab vasodilators xws li sodium nitroprusside, txhawm rau txo qis pulmonary venous siab thiab yog li txo pulmonary edema.
- Pleurocentesis thiab pleural drainage, if there is pleural effusion.
- Drugs antiarrhythmics, xws li digoxin thiab/los yog diltiazem, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm mob plawv arrhythmias.
Tshuaj kho mob aims to improve the animal's quality of life and prolong its survival. Tus neeg mob sab nraud kev kho mob ntawm cov neeg mob no yuav tsum suav nrog:
- Pimobendan: nws yog tib qho zoo inotrope uas tsis muaj chronotropic los, uas yog, nws nce contractility tsis cuam tshuam lub plawv dhia. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj vasodilator zog.
- Diuretics: xws li furosemide.
- Mixed vasodilators: xws li ACE inhibitors.
- Drugs antiarrhythmics: xws li digoxin thiab/los yog diltiazem, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm mob plawv arrhythmias.
- noj tsawg hauv sodium thiab chlorine: supplementation nrog taurine thiab L-carnitine, omega-3, coenzyme Q10 kuj yuav raug pom zoo thiab vitamin E.
luv luv, dilated cardiomyopathy yog ib yam kab mob loj, tuag taus uas tsis muaj kev kho mob. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kuaj mob ntxov ntawm tus kab mob, nrog rau kev tsim kho cov tshuaj kho mob kom txaus, yuav txiav txim siab ncua qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tsos mob hnyav thiab ua rau lub neej expectancy ntawm cov neeg mob cuam tshuam.
