The crab-noj fox (Cerdocyon thous) yog hom hma liab nyob rau hauv lub thiab sab qaum teb South America, nws cov pej xeem txuas mus rau lub teb chaws xws li Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Panama, Paraguay, Uruguay thiab Venezuela. Zoo li txhua hom hma liab, tus hma liab noj yog ib hom tsiaj uas nyob ntawm canid tsev neeg, uas kuj muaj lwm hom xws li dev, hma, dingoes, jackals, ntawm lwm yam tsiaj.
Tab sis tsis zoo li cov hma liab los yog liab hma liab, cov ris tsho noj hma liab tsis yog cov genus Vulpini, nyob rau hauv uas yog li- hu ua "hma liab tiag" ib txwm nyob rau sab qaum teb Hemisphere. Tam sim no, crab-noj hma liab tsuas yog cov ciaj sia ntawm cov genus Cerdocyon, txij li ob hom uas tau muab faib rau hauv cov genus no twb suav hais tias ploj lawm (peb xa mus rau Cerdocyon avius). [1]
Nyob rau hauv tab no peb yuav qhia rau koj txhua yam hais txog cov nqaij npuas noj, nws zoo tshaj plaws, nws tus cwj pwm thiab nws qhov chaw nyob.
Keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm ntawm lub roob ris noj hma
Crab-noj hma liab nqis los ntawm cov lus hais los saum no thiab cov tsiaj tuag Cerdocyon avius, uas tau nyob hauv peb lub ntiaj teb nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub sijhawm Pliocene thiab Pleistocene, uas yog, txog li 5 lab xyoo mus txog 11,000 xyoo, thaum lawv tau ploj mus lawm.[ob
Cov hma no, uas ntev li 80 centimeters, thaum chiv keeb nyob rau North America thiab yuav tsiv mus nyob rau South America, qhov chaw lawv yuav tau tswj kom hloov thiab ciaj sia nyob rau hauv ntau xyoo, ntxiv rau muab nce rau ib hom tshiab uas tom qab nws yuav raug hu ua " crab-eating fox", paub los ntawm nws lub npe scientific Cerdocyon thous.
Crab-noj hma liab tau piav qhia thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1839 los ntawm Charles Hamilton Smith, ib tug txiv neej muaj ntau yam yug hauv Belgium thiab cov lus Askiv zoo, uas tau ua tus kws kos duab, naturalist, tub rog, illustrator, thiab txawm tias ib tug neeg soj xyuas. [3] Txawm li cas los xij, nws thawj qhov tshwm sim hauv South American thaj chaw yuav tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm Pliocene, uas pib txog 5.3 lab xyoo dhau los thiab xaus li 2.6 lab xyoo dhau los.
Lub npe tshawb fawb ntawm genus Cerdocyon yuav tsum yog vim muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov hma liab noj thiab cov dev stray thaum ub. Vim li no, cov lus Greek "kerdo", uas txhais tau hais tias "hma", thiab "cyon", uas txhais tau tias "dog", yuav tau ua ke. Hauv Colombia, tus hma liab noj tau nrov npe hu ua " dog fox", uas tau lees paub nws qhov zoo sib xws nrog cov dev mestizo ntawm South American cheeb tsam.
Crab noj hma yog ib hom native mus rau South America, uas nyob rau sab qaum teb Panama mus rau sab qaum teb hnub poob Argentina. Nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam uas nws kim heev, lawv cov pejxeem yog concentrated nyob rau hauv ob lub ntsiab ntau yam. Thawj ntawm cov no suav nrog thaj chaw roob thiab ntug hiav txwv uas ncab ntawm Venezuela thiab Panama mus rau Paraná delta hauv Argentina. Qhov thib ob twb pib nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub Andes Roob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm Bolivia thiab Argentina, thiab txuas mus rau lub Atlantic ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Brazil (East direction) thiab Pacific ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Colombia (West direction). Kuj tseem muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau qee cov qauv faib hauv Guianas.
Crab-eating hma muaj qhov tseeb predilection rau sov thiab humid thaj chaw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau hav zoov thiab ntug hiav txwv chaw nyob ntawm qhov siab txog li 3000 meters. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tau hais txog lub peev xwm zoo tshaj plaws los hloov mus rau qhov chaw sib txawv, muaj peev xwm nyob hauv prairies, deserts, nyuj teb, thiab tau tswj kom muaj sia nyob hauv intertropical moors lossis " roob thickets" los ntawm Southamerica.
Vim lawv qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb thiab thaj chaw, lawv nyiam thaj chaw uas tsis muaj tib neeg cuam tshuam, txawm hais tias qee qhov qauv tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv nroog thiab ib cheeb tsam hauv nroog, qhov chaw uas lawv pom cov tsiaj nyeg yooj yim dua (tsiaj tsaig rau tib neeg noj.) thiab muaj zaub mov ntau ntxiv.
Tam sim no, tus hma liab tau muab cais tawm, raws li International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, raws li " ', vim yog suav tias lawv cov pejxeem tseem muaj ntau nyob hauv lawv lub tebchaws qub. Txawm li cas los xij, peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv txaus ntawm cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm nws cov pej xeem hauv txhua lub teb chaws thiab cheeb tsam, uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau kwv yees tias qhov kev poob qis tiag tiag hauv cov qauv ntawm cov tsiaj no tau ua li cas. [4]
Tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov npua noj hma yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm nws qhov chaw nyob thiab "kev ua si" yos hav zoov, ib qho kev ua uas tsis muaj tseem tau txais kev saib xyuas los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm hauv feem ntau ntawm cov tebchaws Asmeskas.
Txoj Kevcai Noj Caug
Nqaij noj hmab muaj ib lub cev me ntsis elongated nrog qhov nruab nrab ntev li ntawm 70 centimeters, tsis xav txog nws tus Tsov tus tw, uas tuaj yeem ntsuas txog 35 centimeters nyob rau hauv tag nrho. Lawv lub cev hnyav tuaj yeem sib txawv Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawmntev snout, pob ntseg sib npaug, thiab ib tug bushy tail uas luv luv piv rau lwm hom hma liab. Thaum kawg, lawv tuaj yeem tsis meej pem nrog cov hma grey (Lycalopex gymnocercus), tab sis peb yuav tsum taw qhia tias tus hma liab noj tau ntau dua thiab muaj zog, nws ob txhais ceg yog tsaus, thiab nws tus Tsov tus tw, snout, thiab pob ntseg luv dua.
Nws lub tsho tiv no feem ntau qhia txog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov xim sib txawv, xws li grey, xim av, daj, dub, thiab dawbKev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov ntxoov ntxoo no tshwj xeeb rau txhua tus neeg thiab feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm nws qhov chaw nyob. Thaum cov hma uas nyob hauv hav zoov pom ntau greyish thiab cov plaub hau dub, cov tib neeg uas nyob hauv thaj chaw qhib lossis roob siab feem ntau muaj lub tsho xim av uas muaj xim liab me ntsis. Cov sab hauv ntawm ob txhais ceg, hauv siab thiab plab feem ntau nthuav tawm cov duab sib zog dua li qhov seem ntawm nws lub cev, thiab tuaj yeem ua dawb tag nrho rau qee tus neeg.
Crab-noj hma liab feem ntau tuav cov cwj pwm crepuscular lossis nocturnal, txawm hais tias qee cov qauv yuav ua haujlwm me ntsis thaum nruab hnub. Lawv yog tsiaj txhu, uas feem ntau nyob hauv pab pawg ntawm 7 lossis 8 tus tswv cuab, feem ntau tsim los ntawm ob niam txiv thiab lawv cov hluas. Lawv feem ntau siv lawv lub zog vocalization peev xwm sib txuas lus nrog cov tib neeg hauv lawv pawg lossis lwm pab pawg, tawm suab nrov nrov uas tuaj yeem hnov ntau mais deb.
Nyob rau txiv neej, tsawb hma liab muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb cim thiab nyiam kom tsis txhob sib cuag nrog tib neeg pej xeem Curiously, ib co kev vam meej nyob rau hauv South Cov neeg Asmeskas, xws li Guarani hauv Paraguay, Taironas hauv Colombia thiab Quechuas hauv Bolivia, tau tswj hwm tus hma liab noj thiab tau nyob nrog cov tsiaj no hauv lawv lub neej txhua hnub. Txawm li cas los xij, khaws hma liab ua tus tsiaj tsis tsuas yog tsis pom zoo, nws yog txwvnyob rau ntau lub teb chaws.
Nkauj Ntxawm Yaj
Nyob hauv lawv qhov chaw nyob, cov hma liab noj cw muaj ntau ntau yam khoom noj, uas feem ntau yog raws li kev noj proteins ntawm tsiaj keeb kwm, tab sis qhov ntawd kuj suav nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo, noob thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo nplua nuj nyob rau hauv fibers, vitamins thiab minerals kom tau raws li lawv cov khoom noj khoom haus. Qhov tseeb muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lawv cov zaub mov yog nyob ntawm muaj cov zaub mov hauv lawv qhov chaw nyob thiab lub sijhawm xyoo.
Crab hma liab yog ib tug tus neeg yos hav zoov nquag thiab txawj ntse, uas tuaj yeem npog ob peb mais ib hnub thiab hla ntau qhov ecosystem hauv kev tshawb nrhiav zaub mov. Thaum lawv pom ib cheeb tsam uas muaj ntau cov tsiaj txhu, xws li thaj chaw tsim khoom lossis thaj chaw tsiaj nyeg, lawv tswj kev noj zaub mov tsawg dua thiab noj cov tsiaj uas muaj lub zog loj. Tab sis yog tias lawv pom cov zaub mov tsis txaus, lawv tuaj yeem tua tau ntau hom, xws li qav, kab, vaub kib, nas, kab laug sab, thiab cov laj thawj crabs (yog li no derives nws lub npe, "crab-noj fox"). Ib yam li ntawd, noj cov nqaij npua noj tej zaum yuav muaj qe thiab carrion, los yog tejzaum nws siv cov khoom seem ntawm tib neeg.
Yog li ntawd, tus hma liab noj cw yog suav tias yog ib tug trophic opportunist, uas yog, tus tsiaj uas hloov nws txoj kev noj haus thiab tus cwj pwm nyob ntawm seb. nyob qhov twg.
Crab-eating fox reproduction
Nqaij noj hmab yog ib tug monogamous species uas feem ntau ntsib ib lub caij yug me nyuam ib xyoos ib zaug, txawm tias cov tib neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw uas muaj kev nplua nuj zaub mov tuaj yeem tsim dua ob zaug hauv ib xyoos. Raws li lawv nyob hauv thaj chaw sov, lawv tuaj yeem tsim thiab tsim tawm ntawm kev xyaum txhua lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo, tab sis kev yug me nyuam yuav muaj ntau dua thaum lub caij ntuj sov, nruab nrab ntawm hli ntawm Lub Ib Hlis thiab Lub Peb Hlis Yog li ntawd, lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm kev yug me nyuam ntawm crab-noj hma liab tshwm sim thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav nyob rau yav qab teb Hemisphere.
Tom qab mating, poj niam muaj ib tug gestation ntawm 52 mus rau 60 hnub, thaum kawg lawv yuav yug tau 3 mus rau 5 tus me nyuam Ob peb hnub ua ntej yug me nyuam, tus poj niam xaiv lub tsev nyob qhov twg nws thiab nws cov me nyuam mos yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb, siv sij hawm los nyob rau hauv lub qhov tsua tso tseg los yog ua nws qhov chaw nkaum. ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntau ntawm nws qhov chaw nyob.
Lub sij hawm lactation nyob rau hauv hom no kav li ntawm peb lub hlis, tab sis cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm niam txiv mus txog thaum lawv ua tiav 9 los yog 10 lub hlis ntawm lub neej, thaum lawv twb yuav deev hluas nraug thiab yuav nrhiav kev los ua lawv tus khub. Tab sis feem ntau, cov me nyuam mos liab noj hma liab tsuas yog cais tawm ntawm lawv lub zej zog thaum muaj hnub nyoog 1 1/2 mus rau 2 xyoos, thaum lawv tawm mus rau pawg lawv cov pab pawgua ke lawv cov khub thiab cov xeeb ntxwv. Cov txiv neej muaj zog heev hauv kev loj hlob lawv cov menyuam, sib koom nrog lawv tus khub lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv, pub mis thiab qhia lawv cov tub ntxhais hluas.
