Arrowhead Qav, tseem hu ua rocket frogs or poison dart frogs, make up the family Dendrobatidae. Qhov no yog ib pab pawg ntawm muaj yeeb yuj thiab tawm tsam amphibians uas tau muab faib thoob plaws hauv Neotropics lossis tropical America.
Ntawm cov amphibians no yog ib co qav uas lom tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb no. Lawv cov qauv xim yog ceeb toom rau cov tsiaj txhu. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj txog 200 hom sib txawv, qee qhov tsis muaj tshuaj lom lossis tsis pom tseeb. Koj puas xav paub ntxiv? Tsis txhob nco tsab xov xwm no rau ntawm peb qhov chaw hais txog qav taub hau: hom, yam ntxwv, chaw nyob, pub
Chaw Ntxim Saib Ntxim Ua ntawm Arrowhead Qav
Tsev neeg Dendrobitadae muaj ntau haiv neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua hom muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws uas tso cai rau lawv los ua pawg hauv tib lub taxon. Cov no yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm arrowhead Qav:
- Dermal shields: ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb uas txawv ntawm tsev neeg Dendrobatidae yog muaj ob daim ntaub thaiv npog los yog cov ntaub thaiv npog dermal ntawm qhov kawg ntawm qhov kawg. ntiv tes.
- Poison: Ntau tus dendrobatids muaj tshuaj lom los yog lom alkaloids ntawm lawv daim tawv nqaij. Feem ntau ntawm cov tebchaw no tau txais los ntawm kev noj zaub mov los ntawm kev noj arthropods uas muaj alkaloids. Lwm tus yog ua los ntawm cov qav lawv tus kheej. Txawm hais tias lawv lub hauv paus chiv keeb los, alkaloids tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov tsiaj txhu thiab cov kab mob sib kis.
- Aposematismo: ntau hom muaj cov xim ci ntsa iab heev uas ceeb toom cov tsiaj txhu txog lawv cov tshuaj lom lossis tshuaj lom. Lawv kawm paub txog cov qauv no thiab tsis txhob haus lawv. Cov txheej txheem ceeb toom no hu ua tsiaj aposematism.
- Crypsis: lwm hom kab arrowhead Qav yog cryptic, uas yog, lawv muaj xim zoo ib yam li ib puag ncig lawv nyob, uas tso cai rau lawv. mus camouflage. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau hom no kuj muaj tshuaj lom.
- : Thaum sib deev, tus txiv neej rub tus poj niam los ntawm lub taub hau (cephalic amplexus). Nws tso nws cov qe qe rau hauv av, feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov dej uas accumulates nyob rau hauv cov kab noj hniav (phytotelma) los yog nplooj litter. Cov niam txiv ua kev saib xyuas niam txiv, tiv thaiv cov qe thiab ua kom muaj zaub mov rau cov tadpoles. Hauv qee hom, txiv neej lossis poj niam nqa lub qe mus txog thaum hatching.
- Cultural use: Qee haiv neeg tau siv cov tshuaj los ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov qav no los nthuav tawm cov lus qhia ntawm lawv cov xub tua. Lwm tus siv cov tshuaj lom los ua kev kho mob. Tam sim no, Qav alkaloids tau kawm heev hauv kev tshawb fawb kho mob thiab tshuaj.
Peb kuj tso rau lwm tshooj tshooj no kom koj paub tias qhov txawv ntawm qav thiab cov toads yog dab tsi.
Qab Qav Habitat
Qab Qav yog qhov chaw rau Neotropical moist forests, uas yog, mus rau Central America thiab sab qaum teb ib nrab ntawm South America. Yog li ntawd lawv nyob hauv huab cua sov los yog subtropical.
Sab hauv hav zoov, dendrobatids tuaj yeem pom hauv thaj chaw nplua nuj nyob hauv nplooj litter ze dej los yog kwj deg. Nws qhov siab tshaj plaws faib tau ntau yam, muaj peev xwm ncav cuag 2,000 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem.
Koj puas paub tias muaj qee cov qav uas khaws tau ua tsiaj? Peb piav qhia txog lawv yog dab tsi hauv tsab xov xwm no ntawm peb qhov chaw hais txog Qav hom uas koj tuaj yeem muaj raws li tus tsiaj.
Nkauj Ntsuag Qav
Qab ntawm tsev neeg Dendrobatidae yog cov tsiaj txhu. Lawv cov zaub mov yog raws li arthropods, feem ntau yog ntsaum. Muaj ntau kuj tau suav:
- Diptera larvae.
- Millipede.
- Nkauj hmoob.
Ib txhia ntawm cov arthropods no muaj toxic alkaloids, yog li thaum lawv noj, cov qav thiaj khaws cia rau hauv lawv lub cev.
Type of Arrowhead Qav
1. LUB CAIJ NTAWM ARROWHEAD Qog yog pawg rau hauv
- Colostethinae.
- Dendrobatinae.
- Hyloxalinae.
Tom ntej no, peb yuav piav qhia txhua yam.
Qab Qav ntawm subfamily Colostethinae
Cov subfamily Colostethinae yog ib pawg ntawm brightly coloredfrogs uas feem ntau muaj kab txaij khiav lengthwise hla koj lub cev. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog txog 70 hom. Ntawm lawv, cov genus Ameerega yog qhov ntau tshaj.
Piv txwv ntawm Colostethinae Arrowhead Qav
Qee hom ntawm subfamily Colostethinae yog cov hauv qab no:
- Ecuadorian lom qav (Ameerega bilinguis).
- Yurimaguas tshuaj lom qav (A. hahneli).
- Epibatidine Nurse Qav (Epipedobates anthonyi).
Raws li kev xav paub, peb tso koj tsab xov xwm no txog Qav nrog cov plaub hau - Lub npe thiab cov duab. Koj puas paub tias lawv muaj?
Qab Qav ntawm subfamily Dendrobatinae
Cov tsev neeg Dendrobatinae suav nrog ntau dua 55 hom uas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv vivid thiab ci ximNtawm lawv daim tawv nqaij koj tuaj yeem pom txhua yam puab thiab cov qauv Ntau yam ntawm lawv muaj xim voj voog ntawm keeb kwm dub. Tsis tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov qav no yog tshuaj lom heev Qhov tseeb, lub ntiaj teb cov qav uas muaj tshuaj lom tshaj plaws (genus Phyllobates) belongs rau lub tsev neeg no.
Examples of Dendrobatinae Arrowhead Qav
Qee hom ntawm Dendrobatinae subfamily yog:
- Golden Dart Qav (Phyllobates terribilis).
- Azuela poison qav (Andinobates abditus).
- Reddish Poison Qav (Ranitomeya reticulata).
Daim duab thib ob yog los ntawm Amphibiaweb.
Qab Qav ntawm subfamily Hyloxalinae
No subfamily of arrowhead frogs muaj txog 60 hom. Ntau yam ntawm lawv yog cryptic, nrog xim ntsuab thiab xim av uas tso cai rau lawv los sib xyaw nrog ib puag ncig. Ntawm lawv, cov genus Hyloxalus yog qhov ntau tshaj.
Piv txwv ntawm Hyloxalinee Arrowhead Qav
Ntawm no yog ib co piv txwv ntawm Hyloxalinee Qav:
- Edwards' rocket frog (H. anthracinus).
- Bocage's Rocket Frog (H. bocagei).
- Palanda Rocket Qav (H. cevallosi).
Images belong to Mauricio Rivera Correa, Caroline Molina thiab Bioweb.
