West Nile fever is a kab mob tsis kis kab mob uas feem ntau cuam tshuam rau noog, nees, thiab tib neeg thiab kis los ntawm yoov tshaj cum. Nws yog tus kab mob ntawm African keeb kwm tab sis tau kis thoob plaws ntiaj teb ua tsaug rau cov noog tsiv teb tsaws chaw, uas yog tus tswv tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob, tswj kom yoov tshaj cum-noog- yoov tshaj cum uas qee zaum suav nrog nees lossis tib neeg. Tus kab mob no ua rau cov tsos mob ntawm lub paj hlwb uas qee zaum tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav heev thiab tseem ua rau tus kab mob tuag taus. Vim li no, yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam kab mob kis tau zoo los tiv thaiv tus kab mob, nrog rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nees hauv thaj chaw muaj kev pheej hmoo.
Yog koj xav paub lossis tau hnov txog tus kab mob no thiab xav paub ntxiv txog nws, txuas ntxiv nyeem tsab xov xwm no ntawm peb qhov chaw hais txog West Nile Fever hauv nees, nws cov tsos mob thiab tswj.
West Nile fever yog dab tsi?
West Nile fever is a kab mob tsis kis kab mob ntawm tus kab mob thiab kis los ntawm yoov tshaj cum, feem ntau ntawm Culex lossis Aedes genus. Cov noog qus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm tsev neeg Corvidae (raven, magpies), yog lub pas dej loj ntawm tus kab mob rau nws kis mus rau lwm yam tsiaj los ntawm yoov tshaj cum, txij li lawv tsim muaj viremia muaj zog tom qab yoov tshaj cum kis. Qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kis tus kab mob no yog thaj chaw ntub dej xws li dej deltas, pas dej los yog marshy thaj chaw uas migratory noog thiab yoov tshaj cum.
Tus kab mob no ib txwm tswj tau tus kab mob natural voj voog yoov tshaj cum-noog- yoov tshaj cum, nrog rau cov tsiaj nyeg qee zaum kis los ntawm yoov tshaj cum nqa tus kab mob tom qab ib tug noog nrog tus kab mob nyob rau hauv nws cov ntshav. Tib neeg thiab nees muaj kev nkag siab tshwj xeeb, qhov uas nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob hlwb ntau dua los yog tsawg dua vim tus kab mob nkag mus rau hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb thiab qaum qaum los ntawm cov ntshav. Transplacental kis tau tus mob, pub mis niam lossis los ntawm kev hloov pauv tau piav qhia hauv tib neeg, tsuas yog cov tsos mob hauv 20% ntawm cov neeg mob. Hauv cov nees tsis muaj kev sib kis ntawm tib neeg, tab sis muaj yoov tshaj cum vector ntawm tus kab mob ntawm lawv ib txwm tsim nyog.
Txawm tias West Nile kub taub hau tsis yog ib yam kab mob uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws hauv cov nees, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev tswj xyuas tsiaj txhu kom raug los tiv thaiv qhov no thiab lwm yam kab mob.
Ua rau West Nile Fever
Tus kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm West Nile virus, uas yog arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus) ntawm tsev neeg Flaviviridae thiab ntawm genus Flavivirus. Nws belongs rau tib lub genus xws li Dengue, Zika, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis lossis Saint Louis encephalitis viruses. Nws tau pom thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1937 hauv Uganda, hauv cheeb tsam West Nile. Tus kab mob no feem ntau faib rau hauv Africa, Middle East, Asia, Europe thiab North America
NWATION YOG A NIAM QIB CAS, OREFED LUB NTIAJ TEB (OIE), nrog rau sau npe nyob rau hauv txoj cai huv rau terrestrestrial Tsiaj ntawm tib lub koom haum no. Kev nthuav dav ntxiv ntawm tus kab mob West Nile tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm qhov muaj dej nyab, nag hnyav, qhov kub thiab txias thoob ntiaj teb, kev loj hlob ntawm cov pej xeem, thaj chaw nqaij qaib dav thiab kev siv dej ntau.
West Nile Fever Symptoms
Tom qab yoov tshaj cum tom, cov tsos mob yuav siv li ntawm 3 mus rau 15 hnub thiaj li tshwm sim Lwm zaus lawv yuav tsis tshwm sim, vim yog hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov nees uas kis tus kab mob no yeej tsis tsim tus kab mob, yog li ntawd lawv yuav tsis qhia tej yam tshwm sim.
Thaum tus kab mob no tshwm sim, kwv yees tias ib feem peb ntawm cov nees kis tuag. Cov cim qhia tias tus nees nrog Nile Fever tuaj yeem tshwm sim yog:
- Ua npaws.
- Headache.
- Cov qog nqaij hlav o.
- Anorexy.
- Txoj kev nyuaj siab.
- Nyob nqos tau.
- Kev pom kev tsis pom kev nrog stumbling thaum taug kev.
- Slow and short step.
- Head poob, qaij lossis txhawb nqa.
- photophobia.
- Muscular tsis muaj zog.
- Muscle tremor.
- Teeth Sib Tsoo.
- facial paralysis.
- Tsis muaj peev xwm sawv.
- Paralysis.
- Nkauj kho siab.
- Eat.
- Tuag.
Ib puag ncig 80% ntawm cov kab mob hauv tib neeg tsis tsim cov tsos mob thiab yog lawv tshwm sim lawv tsis yog tshwj xeeb, xws li kub taub hau, mob taub hau., nkees, xeev siab thiab / lossis ntuav, ua pob khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov qog ntshav loj. Hauv lwm tus neeg, tus kab mob hnyav tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog cov teeb meem xws li encephalitis thiab meningitis nrog cov tsos mob ntawm lub paj hlwb, tab sis feem pua yog feem ntau tsawg.
Diagnosis of West Nile Fever in Nees
Kev kuaj mob Nile Fever yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm kev kuaj mob, kev kuaj mob sib txawv thiab kuaj xyuas los ntawm kev coj mus kuaj thiab xa mus rau qhov chaw kuaj xyuas kom muaj kev kuaj pom tseeb.
Clinical and Differential Diagnosis
Yog hais tias tus nees pib nrog qee cov tsos mob ntawm lub paj hlwb uas peb tau tham, txawm tias lawv hloov maj mam, tus kab mob no yuav tsum raug xav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias peb nyob hauv thaj chaw muaj kev pheej hmoo kis kab mob lossis tus nees tsis tau txhaj tshuaj. Tias yog vim li cas hu rau tus kws kho tsiaj equine ua ntej yuav muaj tus cwj pwm txawv ntawm peb tus nees yog qhov tseem ceeb los kho nws sai li sai tau thiab tswj kev kis tau. Ua npaws West Nile yuav tsum nco ntsoov sib txawv ntawm lwm cov txheej txheem uas tuaj yeem nthuav qhia cov cim zoo sib xws hauv cov nees, tshwj xeeb:
- Equine Rabies.
- Equine herpesvirus type 1.
- Alphavirus encephalomyelitis.
- Equine protozoal encephalomyelitis.
- Eastern thiab western equine encephalitis.
- Venezuelan equine encephalitis.
- Verminous encephalitis.
- Bacterial meningoencephalitis.
- Botulism.
- Nkauj kho siab.
- Hypocalcemia.
Lab diagnosis
Cov kev kuaj pom tseeb thiab nws qhov txawv ntawm lwm cov kab mob yuav muab los ntawm chav kuaj. Cov qauv yuav tsum yog
Cov kev ntsuam xyuas ncaj qha kuaj tus kab mob, tshwj xeeb antigens, tau ua rau cov qauv ntawm cov kua cerebrospinal, lub hlwb, lub raum lossis lub plawv los ntawm necropsy yog tias lub nees tau tuag, ua tsaug rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerase saw los yog RT-PCR, immunofluorescence los yog immunohistochemistry nyob rau hauv lub hlwb thiab qaum qaum.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev sim uas feem ntau yog siv los kuaj tus kab mob no hauv neesyog serological, raws li cov ntshav, ntshav los yog cov kua cerebrospinal., qhov twg es tsis txhob kis tus kab mob antibodies uas tus nees tau tsim tawm tsam nws yuav raug kuaj pom. Tshwj xeeb, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog immunoglobulins M lossis G (IgM lossis IgG). IgG nce tom qab IgM thiab thaum cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntev txaus, yog li tsuas yog kuaj pom ntawm IgM hauv cov ntshav yog kuaj. Lub serological tests muaj rau West Nile Fever detection yog:
- IgM capture ELISA (MAC-ELISA).
- IgG ELISA.
- Hemagglutination inhibition.
- Seroneutralization: nws yog siv los lees paub qhov zoo lossis tsis meej pem cov kev xeem ELISA, vim tias muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov flaviviruses tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog qhov kev sim no..
Kev kuaj pom tseeb ntawm West Nile ua npaws hauv txhua hom yog tsim los ntawm kab mob cais, tab sis tsis yog feem ntau siv vim nws yuav tsum muaj qib 3 biosafety. Nws tuaj yeem raug cais tawm hauv VERO (African ntsuab liab liab lub siab hlwb) lossis RK-13 (lub raum hlwb), nrog rau cov kab ntawm tes lossis nqaij qaib embryos.
Tshuaj Kho Mob West Nile Fever hauv Nees
Kev kho mob Nile Fever yog ua raws kho cov tsos mob uas tshwm sim, vim tsis muaj ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, ntawm qhov kev pab kho mob yuav ua raws li nram no:
- Antipyretics, analgesics thiab anti-inflammatories kom txo tau kub taub hau, mob thiab o.
- Thov yog koj tuav tau lub pose.
- Kho kua dej yog tus nees tsis tuaj yeem hydrated txaus.
- Ntse los ntawm tube yog tias koj muaj teeb meem noj.
- Tsev kho mob nrog rau qhov chaw nyab xeeb, padded phab ntsa, xis txaj thiab lub taub hau tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob raug mob los ntawm kev tshuab thiab tswj cov tsos mob ntawm paj hlwb.
Most ntawm cov nees uas kis tus kab mob rov qab los ntawm kev txhim kho kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb. Qee lub sij hawm, txawm tias tus nees kov yeej tus kab mob, sequelae yuav nyob twj ywm vim kev puas tsuaj mus tas li rau lub paj hlwb.
Kev Tiv Thaiv thiab Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob West Nile ua npaws hauv nees
West Nile fever is a kab mob ceeb toom tab sis tsis raug rau qhov kev pab cuam tshem tawm vim nws tsis kis ntawm nees, tab sis yuav tsum tau ua. rau cov yoov tshaj cum los kho nruab nrab ntawm lawv, yog li kev txi ntawm cov nees muaj kab mob tsis tas yuav tsum tau, tsuas yog vim tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv yog tias lawv tsis muaj lub neej zoo lawm.
Txoj kev tswj tus kab mob kom zoo nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua kab mob kis kab mob yoov tshaj cum li vectors, noog ua tswv thiab nees. los yog tib neeg li xwm txheej. Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev zov me nyuam yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov muaj cov kab mob sib kis, kev soj ntsuam ntawm qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov tsos mob thiab kev siv cov kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb. Cov chaw ntub dej yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb thiab kev soj ntsuam noog yog ua nrog lawv cov carcasses, vim tias muaj ntau tus neeg mob tuag, lossis los ntawm kev kuaj cov neeg raug tsim txom; nyob rau hauv yoov tshaj cum, los ntawm lawv ntes thiab txheeb xyuas thiab nyob rau hauv nees los ntawm sentinel sampling los yog xav tias mob.
Vim tsis muaj kev kho mob tshwj xeeb, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab txo qhov kis tau yoov tshaj cum yog qhov tseem ceeb los txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm nees kis tus kab mob. Qhov kev tiv thaiv yoov tshaj cum yog ua raws li kev siv cov kev ntsuas hauv qab no:
- Siv tshuaj tua kab mob hauv nees.
- Neeg ruaj khov los ntawm kev zam kev ua si sab nraum zoov thaum lub sijhawm raug yoov tshaj cum.
- Kiv cua, tshuaj tua kab thiab yoov tshaj cum.
- Tsua qhov chaw yoov tshaj cum los ntawm kev ntxuav thiab hloov cov dej haus txhua hnub.
- Tub lub teeb hauv qhov chaw ruaj khov kom tsis txhob muaj yoov tshaj cum.
- Muab cov ntaub thaiv yoov tshaj cum rau hauv cov nkuaj, nrog rau cov yoov tshaj cum rau ntawm qhov rais.
West Nile Fever Vaccine in Nees
Hauv nees, tsis zoo li tib neeg, muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas yog siv rau thaj chaw muaj kev pheej hmoo siab dua lossis muaj tus kab mob. Qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog txhawm rau txo cov nees uas muaj kab mob viremia, uas yog, uas muaj tus kab mob hauv lawv cov ntshav, thiab txo qis tus kab mob hnyav los ntawm kev nthuav tawm kev tiv thaiv yog tias lawv kis tus kab mob.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog yog siv txij hnub nyoog 6 hli ntawm tus nees, txhaj tshuaj intramuscularly thiab yuav tsum tau ob koob. Thawj yog thaum muaj hnub nyoog rau lub hlis, rov txhaj tshuaj rau plaub lossis rau lub lis piam thiab tom qab ntawd ib xyoos ib zaug.
