Canine melanoma yog ib cov qog uas tshwm sim los ntawm melanocytes. Nws feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov dev laus thiab pigmented breeds. Tsis zoo li lwm cov qog nqaij hlav, cov tsos mob ntawm melanomas tau txuas nrog lawv qhov chaw. Yog li, melanomas nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj, rau tes, thiab cov ntiv tes muaj qhov tshwm sim phem dua melanomas nyob ntawm lub taub hau lossis forelimbs.
Yog koj xav paub ntau ntxiv txog melanoma hauv dev, tsis txhob nco cov lus hauv qab no ntawm peb lub xaib, uas peb piav qhia nws cov tsos mob tseem ceeb, kuaj mob thiab kho.
melanoma hauv dev yog dab tsi?
Canine melanoma is a neoplasm that originates in melanocytes, cells in the epidermis and in the hair follicles, uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau synthesizing. melanin. Cov qog no tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub epidermis thiab dermis, lossis tsuas yog lub dermis, thiab tuaj yeem muaj qhov loj ntawm millimeters mus rau 10 centimeters inch.
Lawv feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov dev laus (qhov nruab nrab hnub nyoog yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 9 txog 11 xyoos), tsis muaj kev sib deev, tab sis muaj kev yug me nyuam.
Type of melanomas in dogs
Melanomas tuaj yeem raug cais tawm raws li cov qauv sib txawv:
- Presence los yog tsis muaj melanin.
- Nyob.
Melanomas tuaj yeem raug cais raws li lawv qib ntawm malignancy hauv:
- Benign Melanomas: Account rau 3-4% ntawm daim tawv nqaij hlav hauv dev.
- Malignant Melanomas: Lawv suav txog 0.8-2% ntawm daim tawv nqaij hlav hauv dev, yog li lawv tsis tshua muaj ntau dua li benign melanomas.
Raws li muaj los yog tsis muaj melanin
Vim tias lawv puas muaj melanin pigmentation, melanomas tuaj yeem tshwm sim li:
- Pigmentless or amelanotic form: 20% ntawm melanomas muaj ib qho tsis muaj melanin, uas nyuaj rau kev kuaj mob histopathological.
- Pigmented form: 80% ntawm melanomas muaj melanin.
Nyob ntawm qhov chaw
Nyob ntawm lawv qhov chaw, lawv raug cais raws li melanomas:
- Oral: nyob rau hauv qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, suav nrog tus nplaig, daim di ncauj thiab gingival mucosa. Canine qhov ncauj melanomas feem ntau yog.
- Nasal: Nyob rau hauv qhov ntswg. Lawv muaj tsawg heev nyob rau hauv hom canine.
- Intraoculars: hauv qhov muag.
- Nails: on the nails.
- Digitals: ntawm tus ntiv tes.
- Mucocutaneous: ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov mucous daim nyias nyias (qhov ncauj, qhov ntswg, qhov chaw mos, thiab lwm yam).
- Cutaneous: in cutaneous system in general.
Cov kab mob hauv melanomas tau mob siab rau lawv qhov chaw. Yog li, melanomas nyob rau ntawm lub taub hau (tshwj tsis yog lub qhov ncauj) thiab nyob rau hauv lub forelimbs feem ntau yuav benign thiab, yog li ntawd, muaj ib tug zoo prognostic nqi. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, melanomas nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj thiab mucocutaneous hlws ris, nyob rau hauv cov rau tes thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntiv tes muaj qhov phem tshaj prognosis. Tshwj xeeb, qhov ncauj melanoma yog cov qog loj hlob sai heev nrog lub zog loj metastatic.
Symptoms of melanoma in dogs
Cov tsos ntawm melanomas txawv nyob ntawm seb lawv cov qib malignancy. Hauv qhov kev nkag siab no:
- benign melanomas feem ntau tshwm sim li cutaneous nodular formations, zoo nyob, me, pigmented thiab tsis txuas rau cov dav hlau sib sib zog nqus. Lawv feem ntau muaj lub pob zoo li zoo li thiab loj hlob qeeb heev.
- The malignant melanomas are usually located on mucous membranes, mucocutaneous junctions, fingers and nails Feem ntau, lawv muaj tus qauv loj hlob sai dua thiab cuam tshuam rau cov ntaub so ntswg tob. Macroscopically lawv tuaj yeem ua cov qauv pigmented heev (dub xim av lossis xim dub) lossis cov nodules yam tsis muaj pigmentation (xim liab).
Cov tsos mob tshwm sim cuam tshuam nrog canine melanoma nyob ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam:
- qhov ncauj melanomas feem ntau mus tsis pom, txawm tias ptyalism (salivation), halitosis, los ntshav cov pos hniav yuav pom thaum lawv loj hlob, nyuaj zom. los yog nqos, thiab poob phaus.
- Nyob hauv nasal melanomas nws yog ib qho uas yuav tau soj ntsuam qhov ntswg qhov ntswg.
- Intraocular melanomas tuaj yeem ua rau glaucoma (nce intraocular siab), uveitis (mob ntawm uvea - iris, ciliary lub cev thiab choroids-), hyphema (muaj ntshav nyob rau hauv lub anterior chamber ntawm lub qhov muag), corneal edema, epiphora (nruam tearing) thiab conjunctival hyperemia (redness ntawm lub sclera).
- Digital or nail melanomas (ntawm tus ntiv tes lossis tus ntsia thawv, raws li) tuaj yeem kis mus rau phalanges thiab tsim cov kab mob osteolytic uas pom meej meej. los ntawm radiography. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus ntsia thawv poob yuav tshwm sim.
- Nyob hauv cutaneous melanomas tsuas yog pom muaj cov pob txha khov kho xwb, txawm tias qee zaus lawv yuav tshwm sim los ntshav rwj uas tsis kho. Thaum lub qhov txhab raug tus kab mob thib ob, pruritus (khaus khaus) feem ntau tshwm rau ntawm qhov chaw cuam tshuam.
Malignant melanomas uas metastasize tuaj yeem ua rau cov tsos mob sib txawv heev nyob ntawm cov kab mob cuam tshuam. Lub ntsws feem ntau yog lub cev feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm metastases.
Diagnosis of melanoma in dogs
Kev kuaj mob ntawm canine melanoma yog nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
- Clinical Diagnosis: suav nrog keeb kwm kho mob (kev raug mob, kev kuaj mob thiab lawv cov evolution) thiab ua tiav kev kuaj mob ntawm tus neeg mob, ua tib zoo saib xyuas. daim tawv nqaij mob thiab palpation ntawm lub regional lymph nodes.
- Cytology: Melanocytes uas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pigmented granules raug pom. Cytology tso cai rau txoj hauv kev rau kev kuaj mob, tab sis nws tsis txaus rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov malignancy ntawm cov qog, uas yuav tsum muaj kev kuaj mob histopathological los ntawm biopsy.
- Histopathology: by biopsy. Kev kuaj mob histopathological qhia peb lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov qog, qib ntawm malignancy, mitotic Performance index, invasive yam ntxwv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm stroma.
- Immunohistochemistry: Txawm hais tias nws yog cov txheej txheem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kuaj mob melanomas hauv dev, nws tsis yog qhov tshwj xeeb, yog li nws yog ib txwm yuav tsum tau. yuav txuam nrog histopathology.
- Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of regional nodes: Txawm hais tias lub regional nodes tsis loj tuaj ntawm palpation, ib tug zoo dej puncture yog tsim nyog los txiav txim seb muaj cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav (cov kab mob hauv cheeb tsam metastases).
- CAT: nws yog txoj kev qhia tshaj plaws los kawm txog qhov muaj cov metastases nyob deb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntsws metastases. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau txo qhov kev kuaj mob kom tsawg, nws raug nquahu kom ua ke cov qog ntshav qog ntshav nrog CT kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj cov kab mob metastases hauv cheeb tsam hauv cov nodes.
Kev mob melanoma hauv dev
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm canine melanoma, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua raws li kev kho mob ntawm tib yam. Muaj plaub theem, thawj yog ib qho uas muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab qhov thib plaub yog qhov loj tshaj.
Clinical staging depends on ob peb yam:
- : Raws li peb tau piav qhia lawm, qhov chaw ntawm cov qog no muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov hnyav ntawm nws qhov kev mob tshwm sim.
- Mitotic Index: Qhia qhov feem pua ntawm cov hlwb uas nyob rau theem mitosis (kev faib). Ib qho mitotic Performance index siab dua yog cuam tshuam nrog qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo.
- Tumour-associated lesion: Cov tsos mob ntawm intralesional o los yog intralesional necrosis ua rau qhov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm melanoma.
- Regional metastasis: nyob rau hauv lub regional los yog sentinel lymph nodes.
- Distant metastases: nyob rau hauv lub cev tshaj lub regional nodes.
Teb Ntshav
Raws li txoj cai dav dav, qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm malignant melanomas hauv dev feem ntau yog mob hnyav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov ncauj melanomas hauv dev. hais tias kev phais kev saib xyuas ntau dhau yog ua nrog qhov tsis tiav resection uas tsis suav nrog cov pob txha hauv qab. Txawm li cas los xij, cutaneous melanomas muab qhov kev kuaj pom zoo dua vim lawv zoo li benign. Raws li qhov tseeb, qhov muaj cov metastases nyob rau hauv txhua qhov chaw ua rau qhov kev mob tshwm sim tsis zoo, txawm tias pib kho li cas.
Yuav ua li cas kho melanoma hauv dev? - Kev kho mob
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho mob canine melanoma yog tswj cov qog thawj zaug thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm metastasis.
Peb cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo tshaj plaws los daws cov qog yog kev phais, xov tooj cua thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Kev xaiv kev kho mob lossis kev sib xyaw ua ke yuav nyob ntawm qhov chaw kho mob ntawm cov qog.
- Surgery: Ua tiav kev phais kom tiav nrog kev nyab xeeb dav nyob ib ncig ntawm cov qog yuav tsum tau ua. Nws txoj kev ua tau zoo nyob ntawm qhov loj thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov qog.
- Radiotherapy: Txawm hais tias nws yog ib qho kev kho mob tshwj xeeb hauv zos / cheeb tsam (nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev kho mob ntawm cov metastases nyob deb), teb siab. tus nqi, nrog kev tso cai ua tiav hauv 75% ntawm cov neeg mob. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev kho no muaj ob qhov teeb meem loj: nws tus nqi siab thiab tsawg tsawg ntawm cov chaw kho tsiaj kho tsiaj nyob hauv Spain.
- Immunotherapy: siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xenogenic lossis tshuaj uas inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Xenogeneic txhim kho tus dev lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov qog, thaum COX-2 inhibitors tiv thaiv kev tshaj tawm ntawm COX-2 enzyme hauv cov qog no.
Cov lus teb rau chemotherapy yog me me thiab luv luv, yog li nws feem ntau yog siv thaum lwm yam kev kho mob ua tsis tiav. Hmoov tsis zoo, kev kho mob rau canine melanoma tsis yog ib txwm ua tau zoo, yog li tsis muaj kev kho rau txhua kis.
Melanoma Prone Dog Breeds
Txawm hais tias nws yog ib qho neoplasm uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau txhua tus tsiaj, suav nrog cov dev mongrel, nws tshwm sim ntau zaus hauv cov tsiaj hauv qab no:
Cov tsiaj feem ntau yuav tsim cov melanomas, uas suav nrog melanomas ntawm lub taub hau (tshwj tsis yog lub qhov ncauj) thiab forelimbs, yog:
- Irish and Australian Silky Terrier
- Vizsla
- Rhodesian Rudgeback
- Chesapeake bay retriever
Malignant melanomas
Raws li txoj cai dav dav, malignant melanoma muaj ntau dua hauv dev pigmented breeds, xws li Schnauzer lossis Scottish Terrier. Tom ntej no, peb sau kom ntxaws txog cov tsiaj uas tau pom zoo rau txhua hom malignant melanoma:
- Oral Melanoma: Black Cocker Spaniel, Irish Setter, Boxer, Chow Chow and German Shepherd. Tsis tas li ntawd, melanomas nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav muaj ntau dua nyob rau hauv me me thiab nruab nrab cov dev.
- Nail Melanoma: Golden Retriever thiab Irish Setter.
- Cutaneous Melanoma: Boston Terrier, Scottish Terrier, Cocker Spaniel, Doberman, and Chihuahua.
Yog tias koj pom ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm melanoma hauv dev, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb mus rau chaw kho tsiaj kom sai li sai tau.
