KEY SPECIES - Txhais thiab piv txwv

Cov txheej txheem:

KEY SPECIES - Txhais thiab piv txwv
KEY SPECIES - Txhais thiab piv txwv
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Cov hom tseem ceeb - txhais thiab piv txwv fetchpriority=siab
Cov hom tseem ceeb - txhais thiab piv txwv fetchpriority=siab

Tam sim no, kev txuag tsiaj tau nthuav tawm yog qhov kev sib tw loj heev uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntau yam, xws li kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov tsiaj twg nyob hauv ecosystem, nrog rau lawv cov xwm txheej kev txuag thiab natural interactions ntawm lawv. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, cov phiaj xwm luv luv thiab nruab nrab yog tsim los, uas feem ntau siv hom tsiaj (lossis cov nroj tsuag, lwm yam) uas yog cim lossis muaj qee qhov tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb hauv ib qho ecosystemthiab hais tias, nyob rau hauv lem, pab kom txuag tau ib tug tiav toj roob hauv pes los yog ecosystem, txij li thaum los ntawm kev khaws cia cov tsiaj, tag nrho cov kab mob lom yuav raug khaws cia. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm keystone hom, lawv txhais tag nrho cov ecosystems, feem ntau ua rau loj heev.

Ntawv nyeem tsab xov xwm no rau ntawm peb lub xaib thiab peb yuav qhia koj ntxiv txog hom tsiaj uas tseem ceeb rau kev txuag ntawm ecosystems, xws li hom tseem ceeb, nrog rau cov piv txwv thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv.

Dab tsi yog hom tseem ceeb?

Txawm tias tsis muaj kev pom zoo ua tiav los txhais lub tswvyim no, ntawm no peb yuav piav qhia tias hom pob zeb tseem ceeb suav hais tias yog ib qho uas nws cov dej num thiab kev nplua nuj tsim cov teebmeem tsis yog rau lwm hom, tab sis kuj rau tag nrho. ntiaj teb ecosystem qhov twg nws nyob, nws cov qauv thiab nws ua hauj lwm.

Ib hom tseem ceeb tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv ffects on its ecosystem or on the other species uas nws cohabits. Ntawm lawv yog:

  • Kev hloov pauv ntawm toj roob hauv pes: seb nws muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov zej zog ntawm cov nroj tsuag hom, piv txwv li, nrog rau cov qauv ntawm qhov chaw, ua muaj peev xwm tsim tau ntau zaus qhib qhov chaw.
  • Khoom noj khoom haus: Ntawm qhov tod tes, lawv tuaj yeem yog cov khoom noj muaj peev xwm rau cov tsiaj txhu.
  • Generators of Refuge:lwm tus yog generators ntawm zes lossis chaw nkaum rau lwm hom, ib yam li cov neeg African ntxhw.
  • Hloov cov txheej txheem ecological: Lawv tuaj yeem hloov qee cov txheej txheem ecological, xws li kev sib pauv ntawm cov as-ham, xws li qee cov noog uas pub rau hauv hiav txwv thiab tom qab ntawd hauv av lawv ua lawv cov deposition.

Ntau yam ntawm cov tsiaj no yog qhov rhiab heev (txawm tias ruaj khov) rau ib puag ncig kev hloov pauv hauv lawv ib puag ncig, thiab qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm hom pob zeb tseem ceeb, nrog rau lub luag haujlwm nws ua haujlwm hauv nws qhov chaw nyob thiab nws ntev ntev nyob rau hauv qhov chaw.

Txawm hais tias kev ploj ntawm ib hom tsiaj hauv ib qho ecosystem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv loj hauv nws, lub ntsiab lus ntawm hom pob zeb tseem ceeb yog qhov txaus nyiam los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev txuag, vim tias cov tsiaj no tuaj yeem ua "bioindicators", uas yog, lawv ua raws li qhia txog kev noj qab haus huv thiab zoo ntawm ib cheeb tsam lossis ib puag ncig ntuj.

Piv txwv hom tseem ceeb

Raws li peb tau hais lawm, hom tseem ceeb yog lub cuab yeej rau kev txuag biodiversity, yog li thaum ua kev tshawb fawb nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los txiav txim seb hom twg poob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus no.

Key hom

Muaj ntau hom hom tseem ceeb:

  • Predators: Ib txhia yog cov tsiaj nyeg thiab, los ntawm kev pub rau cov tsiaj txhu, tiv thaiv kev ploj ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv ib cheeb tsam.
  • Resource Providers: lwm tus yog cov chaw muab kev pab, piv txwv li, ntses uas nyob hauv dej hiav txwv thiab dej tshiab thiab ua kev sib pauv ntawm cov as-ham hauv ob qhov chaw.
  • Mutualists: Tej zaum kuj yog hom kab sib tw, xws li cov nroj tsuag tshwj xeeb pollinating yoov.
  • Modifiers or ecosystem engineers: ib txhia yog tus cwj pwm hloov los yog ecosystem engineers, uas yog, hom hloov kho lawv qhov chaw nyob, zoo li qee cov ntoo. beetles uas nyob hauv tsob ntoo trunks.

Tom ntej no, peb yuav pom qee yam piv txwv ntawm hom uas ua raws li hom tseem ceeb thiab qhov ntawd yuav pab peb nkag siab txog lub tswv yim no.

Top predators as key hom

Ntawm cov tsiaj txhu, muaj cov tsiaj nyeg saum toj kawg nkaus, cov uas nyob saum cov khoom noj. Qee hom tseem ceeb uas tau muab cais ua cov tsiaj txhu saum toj kawg nkaus yog:

  • Ocher starfish (Pisaster ochraceus): lawv nyob ntawm qhov chaw thiab zaub mov, hloov kho qhov sib xyaw ntawm lwm hom thiab ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv ib puag ncig lub cev nyob ib puag ncig lawv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv thiab zoo ntawm cov dej ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Pacific ntawm North America. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws tuav txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qee hom mussels, piv txwv li, uas, thaum tsis muaj cov ntses hnub qub no, yuav loj hlob thiab tiv thaiv lwm hom los ntawm kev tsim lawv tus kheej.
  • Leopard (Panthera pardus): nws raug suav hais tias yog tus tsiaj apex, nws cov pejxeem tau poob qis vim kev puas tsuaj ntawm nws qhov chaw nyob thiab tua tsiaj. Tsis raug cai thoob plaws Africa thiab Asia. Qhov no tau ua rau baboon cov pej xeem nce siab, zoo li thaum tsis muaj tsov txaij (thiab lwm cov miv loj) cov primates no coj los ua apex predators. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muaj lwm yam kev coj cwj pwm, txij li lawv yog omnivores lawv noj txhua yam zaub mov, piv txwv li cov qoob loo ua liaj ua teb, thiab qhov no tau ua rau tib neeg tsis sib haum xeeb vim lawv cov qoob loo puas tsuaj.
Keystone hom - Txhais thiab piv txwv - Sab saum toj predators li keystone hom
Keystone hom - Txhais thiab piv txwv - Sab saum toj predators li keystone hom

Modifiers or Ecosystem Engineers

Cov hom tseem ceeb hu ua ecosystem modifiers lossis engineers yog, raws li lawv lub npe qhia, hom uas hloov lawv ib puag ncig. Peb qhia txog cov hauv qab no:

  • Blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus): cov neeg nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb teb chaws Africa, uas nws tsiv teb tsaws ntawm ntau dua 1 lab tus tib neeg hla lub tiaj tiaj. cov Serengeti thiab, nyob rau hauv lawv sawv, tsim cov kev hloov loj heev nyob rau hauv no ecosystem. Lawv noj cov nyom ntawm cov tiaj tiaj thiab yog li tuav qis qis, uas nyob rau hauv lem tiv thaiv hluav taws. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tsiaj no tau noj los ntawm cov tsiaj loj, xws li qee cov felines.
  • African ntxhw (Loxodonta africana): ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv ib puag ncig uas nws nyob, vim nws tau txais txiaj ntsig me me. Hauv thaj chaw uas muaj ntxhw ntau dua, biodiversity ntawm amphibians thiab cov tsiaj reptiles muaj ntau dua. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov tsiaj no, thaum nws txav mus, ua rau thaj chaw muaj nplooj ntoo ntau dua, uas txhais tau hais tias cov ntoo poob thiab cov ceg ntoo uas dhau los ua vaj tse thiab chaw nyob rau cov tsiaj me.

Ntxiv nrog rau xiav wildebeest thiab African ntxhw, tej zaum koj yuav txaus siab rau lwm yam tsiaj ntawm Africa.

Yam Tseem Ceeb - Txhais thiab Piv Txwv - Ecosystem Modifiers lossis Engineers
Yam Tseem Ceeb - Txhais thiab Piv Txwv - Ecosystem Modifiers lossis Engineers

Mutualistic key species

Nyob rau hauv lub mutualistic hom tseem ceeb, uas yog, cov uas nyiam ib leeg, peb pom cov piv txwv xws li hauv qab no:

  • Flying Fox (Pteropus samoensis): Cov no yog cov puav txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas nyob hauv cov Islands tuaj hauv Dej Hiav Txwv Indian thiab Sab Qab Teb Pacific. Cov tsiaj no (nrog rau lwm cov hma ya ya) thaum noj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag, disperses lawv cov noob, yog li lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ecosystem. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog cov puav loj loj, lawv tuaj yeem nqa cov noob loj dua li lwm hom me me tsis tuaj yeem.
  • Eagle-billed Hummingbird (Eutoxeres aquila): Hom hummingbird no nyob hauv Central thiab South America thiab yog yam ntxwv vim muaj cov duab ntawm nws lub taub hau, vim nws yog nkhaus heev. Qhov no muaj nws qhov laj thawj, vim tias cov noog me no pub rau cov paj ntawm cov paj ntawm qee yam nroj tsuag, xws li heliconias nrog dai paj lossis qee cov paj ntoo. Qee yam ntawm cov nroj tsuag no tau sib koom ua ke (uas yog, lawv tau hloov kho thiab hloov kho sib koom ua ke) nrog cov noog no, yog li lawv tsuas yog nyob ntawm hummingbirds rau lawv cov pollination, txij li yog tias nws tsis yog rau lawv lawv yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo ploj mus.

Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm no peb kuj tham txog 15 pollinating tsiaj - yam ntxwv thiab piv txwv.

Keystone hom - Txhais thiab piv txwv - Mutualistic keystone hom
Keystone hom - Txhais thiab piv txwv - Mutualistic keystone hom

Resource-providing species

Nyob hauv cov hom tseem ceeb, peb kuj pom cov hom uas muab kev pab. Qee qhov kev tawm tsam tshaj plaws yog:

  • Brown Bear (Ursus arctos): Cov hom no yog paub vim hais tias ua ntej hibernation, nws pub rau ntau tus ntses salmon noj kom zoo dua. ntawm lawv tsiv teb tsaws chaw. Thaum nws ntes tau nws cov tsiaj, tus dais txav mus rau tom hav zoov kom noj rau lawv thiab, ua li no, cov ntses seem nyob hauv av thiab nyiam cov av fertilization. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv kuj pub rau cov hauv paus hniav, yog li thaum lawv saib rau lawv lawv do cov av, nyiam sib tov ntawm cov organic teeb meem.
  • Seabirds: Piv txwv li, ntau hom cormorants thiab seagulls (nrog rau lwm tus) nyiam pauv thiab xa tawm cov as-ham (xws li nitrogen thiab phosphorus) los ntawm hiav txwv mus rau thaj av, muab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb no rau cov av fertilization. Lawv cov guano (excrement) tsim cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov as-ham thaum lub caij ntuj no, txij li nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas lawv cov zes zes pom, lawv nyiam kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntuj. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv kuj nyiam qhov sib npaug ntawm cov dej hiav txwv sib txuas thiab lawv cov khoom tsim tau.

Pom zoo: