Hom SEALS - Sau kom tiav (nrog PHOTOS)

Cov txheej txheem:

Hom SEALS - Sau kom tiav (nrog PHOTOS)
Hom SEALS - Sau kom tiav (nrog PHOTOS)
Anonim
Hom Fetchpriority=siab
Hom Fetchpriority=siab

Seals yog marine mammals belongs rau tsev neeg Phocidae, nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim Carnivora, thiab yog cov neeg nyob hauv yuav luag tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no seas Qee tus. lawv txawm muaj tej thaj chaw dej tshiab. Lawv muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm anatomical uas tso cai rau lawv kom muaj sia nyob hauv thaj chaw txias li tus ncej, nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias heev. Ntawm lawv, peb tuaj yeem sau npe rau lawv qhov loj me, txheej tuab ntawm cov roj subcutaneous (hauv qab daim tawv nqaij), lawv cov ceg zoo li fins uas tso cai rau lawv ua tus neeg ua luam dej zoo heev thaum nrhiav zaub mov hauv dej, thiab lawv cov kua mis, uas yog heev. nplua nuj nyob rau hauv calories, uas lawv pub lawv cov me nyuam. Tag nrho cov no, ntxiv rau lwm yam, ua rau cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj yog ib qho ntawm cov tsiaj hauv hiav txwv zoo nkauj tshaj plaws uas nyob hauv hiav txwv. Tau kawg, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua kom pom tseeb tias tsis muaj hom ntsaws ruaj ruaj nrog tusks, nws yog walruses uas nthuav tawm lawv thiab yog ib feem ntawm lwm tsev neeg.

Yog koj xav paub hom seals uas tam sim no muaj, tsis txhob hnov qab tsab xov xwm no nyob rau hauv peb qhov chaw uas peb yuav qhia nej txhua leej txhua tus.

Hmoob family Phocidae, nyob rau hauv uas cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj tau pom, tam sim no tau muab faib ua ob lub tsev neeg nrog cov tsiaj uas sib koom anatomical, ecological thiab tus cwj pwm coj tus cwj pwm, tab sis qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv qhov chaw faib khoom. Raws li peb tau hais, lawv tau pom nyob rau hauv txhua lub ntiaj teb cov dej hiav txwv thiab thoob plaws evolution lawv tau txais txawv adaptations rau marine lub neej. Ntawm ib sab, peb muaj cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj tam sim no nyob rau sab qaum teb hemisphere, thiab lawv feem ntau me ntsis loj dua lawv cov txheeb ze, cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj sab qab teb hemisphere. Ntawm 19 hom uas muaj, ob leeg yog cov dej tshiab thiab cov seem yog marine, peb cov nyob rau hauv sov sov thiab tsis nyob rau hauv dej khov.

Lawv muab faib ua ob tsev neegnyob ntawm lawv qhov chaw nyob. Ntawm ib sab, muaj cov subfamily Phocinae, uas suav nrog cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj los ntawm sab qaum teb hemisphere, thaum lub subfamily Monachinae suav nrog cov tsiaj los ntawm sab qab teb hemisphere thiab qee hom ntawm genus Monachus (monk seals).

Tom ntej no, peb yuav pom ntau yam piv txwv ntawm txhua lub tsev neeg.

Seals of the subfamily Phocinae

Lub subfamily Phocinae yog tsim los ntawm tag nrho 10 hom ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Ntawm no peb qhia plaub:

Bearded Foob (Erignathus barbatus)

Cov tsiaj no nyob hauv Dej Hiav Txwv Arctic thiab yog qhov nruab nrab, ntsuas txog 2.2 meters txawm tias nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag li 3, thiab ob tus txiv neej thiab poj niam zoo sib xws. Qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm hom foob pob no yog qhov chaw ntawm nws lub forelimbs, uas yog nyob rau pem hauv ntej, tsis zoo li lwm hom ntawm cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj, ntxiv rau, nws muaj ntau lub mustache, yog dab tsi muab nws lub npe. Nws lub cev yog xim av xim av, ua reddish ntau nyob rau hauv lub taub hau thiab caj dab. Lwm yam uas txawv cov tsiaj no los ntawm cov seem uas tsim cov tsev neeg no yog qhov muaj ib khub txiv mis

Nws pub rau ntau hom ntses, clams thiab squid, uas nws yos hav zoov los ntawm kev dhia dej. Nws feem ntau tsis venture mus rau qhov tob ntawm ntau tshaj 300 meters, tsis zoo li cov tub ntxhais hluas uas muaj peev xwm ncav cuag ntau tshaj 400. Lub bearded foob yog cov nyiam prey ntawm polar bears, thiab tau yos hav zoov los ntawm Inuit rau centuries, inhabitants ntawm lub Arctic cheeb tsam..

Hom ntsaws ruaj ruaj - Seals ntawm subfamily Phocinae
Hom ntsaws ruaj ruaj - Seals ntawm subfamily Phocinae

Kingpot Foob (Cystophora cristata)

Kuj hu ua Helmet Seal, hom no muaj nyob rau hauv North Atlantic Ocean thiab Arctic. Undoubtedly, dab tsi feem ntau characterizes lub foob no yog qhov widening ntawm qhov ntswg kab noj hniav uas tus txiv neej muaj, uas tau muab nws lub npe ntawm kaus mom hlau foob, vim nws ua rau nws zoo li muaj ib tug ntawm nws lub taub hau thaum nws mus txog rau cov neeg laus, txij li thaum nws yuav inflated. nrog cua.

Nws loj yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 3 meters nyob rau hauv txiv neej, thaum poj niam ncav cuag li 2 meters, uas muab nws kev sib deev dimorphism. Nws cov xim yog tsaus, nrog xim av lossis dub tones thiab sab nraub qaum yog mottled. Cov tsiaj no tsis yog gregarious thiab tsuas yog tsim cov pab pawg loj thaum lub caij mating. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov poj niam yuag lawv cov tub ntxhais hluas nyob ib ncig ntawm plaub los yog thib tsib hnub tom qab yug me nyuam, muaj ib lub sij hawm lactation luv tshaj ntawm cov tsiaj.

Lawv muaj nyob rau thaj tsam sab ntug dej hiav txwv, ib txwm nyob hauv dej hiav txwv dej hiav txwv los ntawm qhov chaw uas lawv dhia mus txog 100 meters hauv kev tshawb nrhiav zaub mov, uas txawv ntawm ntau hom ntses thiab cephalopods.

Hom seals
Hom seals

Common or Spotted Seal (Phoca vitulina)

Nov yog hom foob pob tawg tshaj plaws, tau pom nyob rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv raws ntug dej hiav txwv North Atlantic thiab Pacific Oceans, nyob rau sab qaum teb Hiav Txwv thiab B altic. Nws yog medium-sized, tus txiv neej ncav cuag yuav luag 2 meters; poj niam me me.

Cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj no yog grey los yog cinnamon xim av nrog ib tug pattern of spots uas txawv ntawm ib tug mus rau ib tug, uas characterizes hom no. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv lub qhov ntswg yog nkhaus kom lawv zoo li tus V. Lub foob feem ntau yog gregarious thiab yeej ib txwm nrog nws tsev neeg nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb qhov chaw uas lawv so thiab qhov ntawd, ntxiv rau, tau muab zaub mov zoo, ua siab ncaj rau cov no. qhov chaw..

Lawv muaj mechanoreceptors uas tso cai rau lawv txheeb xyuas cov khoom uas txav mus rau hauv dej, uas muab kev taw qhia zoo meej rau lawv thaum mus yos hav zoov. Lawv noj zaub mov ntau yam ntses, txawm tias lawv tuaj yeem noj crustaceans thiab tua squid.

Hom seals
Hom seals

Striped Foob (Histriophoca fasciata)

Cov tsiaj no pom muaj nyob hauv thaj av arctic ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Pacific, hauv hiav txwv Bering thiab Hiav Txwv Okhotsk thiab yog hom tsiaj uas paub tsawg tshaj plaws vim lawv tej chaw nyob deb heev thiab vim lawv siv sij hawm ntau hauv dej. Nws lub npe nrov tau muab los ntawm kev tsim cov kab txaij lossis ribbon uas npog nws lub cev, txij li cov neeg laus muaj cov cim tshwj xeeb ntawm lawv cov plaub, suav nrog cov keeb kwm tsaus nti nrog cov teeb ci uas nyob ib puag ncig lub taub hau, nraub qaum ntawm lub cev thiab ob txhais ceg.. pem hauv ntej tis. Hauv cov txiv neej, cov xim tom qab tuaj yeem yog xim av tsaus lossis yuav luag dub thiab cov hlua yuav luag dawb, thaum cov poj niam qhia tib tus qauv, tab sis nrog qhov sib txawv tsawg. Ob tug txiv neej thiab poj niam ntsuas ntawm 1.5 txog 1.7 meters.

Cov tsiaj no tsuas yog nyob hauv dej hiav txwv dej hiav txwv thiab thaum lub caij yug me nyuam los yog moulting, nws saib rau lub platform khov kho kom ua tiav cov txheej txheem no. Nws muaj ib lub hnab cua txuas nrog lub trachea, uas thaum inflated muab buoyancy, uas feem ntau yog siv los ntab thiab so ntawm dej. Zoo ib yam li lwm hom, cov kab txaij ntsaws rau ntawm squid, cws thiab ntau yam ntses.

Hom seals
Hom seals

Seals of the subfamily Monachinae

Nyob rau hauv lub subfamily Monachinae peb pom tag nrho ntawm cuaj hom ntsaws ruaj ruaj, cia peb pom plaub qhov zoo tshaj plaws:

Crabeater Foob (Lobodon carcinophagus)

Hom foob no yog neeg nyob hauv Antarctica, txawm hais tias tseem muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov neeg taug kev hauv New Zealand, Australia thiab South America. Cov tsiaj no muaj zog dua li lwm cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj, ntsuas tau ntau dua 2.5 meters thiab cov xim ntawm nws cov plaub yog tsaus greyish, ua rau lub caij ntuj sov.

Nov yog lwm hom tsiaj uas nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv nkaus xwb, vim nws nyob hauv lawv lub neej feem ntau. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws cov khoom noj yog raws li ntau dua 90% krill vim tias, vim yog cov qauv ntawm nws cov hniav, nws tsis tuaj yeem ntes lwm cov tsiaj nyeg, ua lub lim dej. Nws yog ib tug social species uas nyob hauv pab pawg me thiab qhov twg ob leeg poj niam saib xyuas cov hluas. Ib yam li ntawd, nws yog ib qho ntawm cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj ceev tshaj plaws, txij li lawv muaj peev xwm submerging ntau tshaj 400 meters hauv 11 feeb.

Hom ntsaws ruaj ruaj - Seals ntawm subfamily Monachinae
Hom ntsaws ruaj ruaj - Seals ntawm subfamily Monachinae

Leopard foob (Hydrurga leptonyx)

Cov tsov txaij foob muaj nyob hauv Antarctica thiab tseem cuam tshuam nrog cov dej khov dej hiav txwv. Nws yog loj loj, ob leeg poj niam thiab txiv neej muaj peev xwm ncav cuag ntau tshaj peb meters nyob rau hauv ntev thiab nws cov plaub yog grey, ua lighter nyob rau hauv lub ventral ib feem, nrog me ntsis ntawm lub caj dab thiab lub hauv siab, uas muab nws lub npe. Nws zoo nkaus li cov leeg thiab lub taub hau zoo li tus nab loj, nrog lub qhov ncauj loj heev uas nthuav tawm nws cov hniav ntse ntev.

Nws yog ib hom , yog tus tsiaj loj ntawm tus huab tais penguin hauv Antarctica. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv qhov kev xav ntawm qhov pom thiab hnov tsw tau tsim heev, uas ua rau lawv muaj kev hem thawj ntau dua. Ntau hom ntses, squid, qe ntawm lwm cov noog thiab penguins nkag rau hauv lawv cov zaub mov, vim lawv tuaj yeem ntes txhua yam uas nkag mus rau hauv lawv lub qhov ncauj.

Hom seals
Hom seals

Mediterranean hauj sam foob (Monachus monachus)

Lub Tuam Txhab muab faib rau hauv Hiav Txwv Mediterranean thiab North Atlantic Dej hiav txwv, mus txog ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm North Africa, txawm tias nws qhov kev faib tawm tau dhau los txwv, uas ua rau nws muaj Ntau hom tsiaj tsis tshua pomNws nyob hauv thaj chaw ntug dej hiav txwv thiab ntug hiav txwv los ntawm cov pob tsuas nrog cov qhov tsua ua rau hiav txwv, qhov chaw lawv feem ntau yug me nyuam. Nws loj yog nruab nrab, nws ncav cuag li 2.8 meters nyob rau hauv ntev, nws lub cev yog elongated thiab nws cov ceg yog luv tab sis muaj zog. Nws cov plaub yog greyish xim av thiab tuaj yeem tsaus rau txiv neej.

Nws cov neeg tam sim no muaj tsawg heev, vim nws yog ib hom kab mobtsim los ntawm tib neeg, nuv ntses overexploitation, kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm liab tides tsim los ntawm algae, ntawm lwm yam ua rau.

Hom seals
Hom seals

Northern Elephant Seal (Mirounga angustirostris)

Cov tsiaj no tau faib thoob plaws hauv Dej Hiav Txwv Pacific Sab Hnub Tuaj, los ntawm Alaska mus rau Baja California, qhov chaw uas nws nyob hauv dej hiav txwv Islands tuaj. Nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog loj proboscis uas cov txiv neej muajthiab yog siv los qw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub caij yug me nyuam thaum lawv sib tw ntawm cov txiv neej. Qhov no yog hom loj, qhov twg tus txiv neej tuaj yeem ntsuas ntau tshaj li tsib meters ntev thiab tus poj niam txog peb, yog li nws txoj kev sib deev dimorphism yog cim heev. Qhov no kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog lawv txoj kev yug me nyuam, uas cov txiv neej tuaj yeem ua ke nrog ntau tus poj niam thaum lub caij sib tw.

Lawv yog cov neeg yos hav zoov nocturnal thiab muaj peev xwm dhia dej mus rau ntau tshaj 800 meters los tshawb nrhiav zaub mov, uas yog raws cov ntses, cephalopods, chimeras thiab me sharks.

Hom seals
Hom seals

Lwm hom ntsaws ruaj ruaj

Raws li peb tau hais lawm, muaj 19 hom ntsaws ruaj ruaj uas muaj nyob, yog li ntawd, hauv qab no peb muab lub npe tseem tshuav ntawm cov foob. Belonging to the subfamily Phocinae we find:

  • Harpland Foob (Pagophilus groenlandica)
  • Ringed Foob (Pusa hispida)
  • Nerpa (Pusa siberica)
  • Grey foob (Halichoerus grypus)
  • Spotted seal (Phoca largha)
  • Caspian Foob (Pusa caspica)

Cov tsiaj uas ploj lawm uas yog nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg Monachinae yog:

  • Hawaiian hauj sam foob (Monachus schauinslandi)
  • Caribbean monk foob (Monachus tropicalis)
  • Southern Elephant Seal (Mirounga leonina)
  • Ross Foob (Ommatophoca rossii)
  • Weddell foob (Leptonychotes weddellii)

Pom zoo: